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4546 results about "By-product" patented technology

A by-product or byproduct is a secondary product derived from a production process, manufacturing process or chemical reaction; it is not the primary product or service being produced. A by-product can be useful and marketable or it can be considered waste: for example, bran, which is a byproduct of the milling of wheat into refined flour, is sometimes composted or burned for disposal, but in other cases, it can be used as a nutritious ingredient in human food or animal feed. Gasoline was once a byproduct of oil refining that later became a desirable commodity as motor fuel. The plastic used in plastic shopping bags also started as a by-product of oil refining.

Method of forming amorphous carbon film and method of manufacturing semiconductor device using the same

The present invention relates to a method of forming an amorphous carbon film and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the method. An amorphous carbon film is formed on a substrate by vaporizing a liquid hydrocarbon compound, which has chain structure and one double bond, and supplying the compound to a chamber, and ionizing the compound. The amorphous carbon film is used as a hard mask film.
It is possible to easily control characteristics of the amorphous carbon film, such as a deposition rate, an etching selectivity, a refractive index (n), a light absorption coefficient (k) and stress, so as to satisfy user's requirements. In particular, it is possible to lower the refractive index (n) and the light absorption coefficient (k). As a result, it is possible to perform a photolithography process without an antireflection film that prevents the diffuse reflection of a lower material layer.
Further, a small amount of reaction by-product is generated during a deposition process, and it is possible to easily remove reaction by-products that are attached on the inner wall of a chamber. For this reason, it is possible to increase a cycle of a process for cleaning a chamber, and to increase parts changing cycles of a chamber. As a result, it is possible to save time and cost.
Owner:TES CO LTD

Terminal-phosphate-labeled nucleotides and methods of use

The present invention relates to improved methods of detecting a target using a labeled substrate or substrate analog. The methods comprise reacting the substrate or substrate analog in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction which produces a labeled moiety with independently detectable signal only when such substrate or substrate analog reacts. The present invention, in particular, describes methods of detecting a nucleic acid in a sample, based on the use of terminal-phosphate-labeled nucleotides as substrates for nucleic acid polymerases. The methods provided by this invention utilize a nucleoside polyphosphate, dideoxynucleoside polyphosphate, or deoxynucleoside polyphosphate analogue which has a colorimetric dye, chemiluminescent, or fluorescent moiety, a mass tag or an electrochemical tag attached to the terminal-phosphate. When a nucleic acid polymerase uses this analogue as a substrate, an enzyme-activatable label would be present on the inorganic polyphosphate by-product of phosphoryl transfer. Cleavage of the polyphosphate product of phosphoryl transfer via phosphatase leads to a detectable change in the label attached thereon. When the polymerase assay is performed in the presence of a phosphatase, there is provided a convenient method for real-time monitoring of DNA or RNA synthesis and detection of a target nucleic acid.
Owner:GLOBAL LIFE SCI SOLUTIONS USA LLC

Process for the production of ultrafine particles

A new, cost effective process for the production of ultrafine particles which is based on mechanically activated chemical reaction of a metal compound with a suitable reagent. The process involves subjecting a mixture of a metal compound and a suitable reagent to mechanical activation to increase the chemical reactivity of the reactants and/or reaction kinetics such that a chemical reaction can occur which produces a solid nano-phase substance. Concomitantly, a by-product phase is also formed. This by-product phase is removed so that the solid nano-phase substance is left behind in the form of ultrafine particles. During mechanical activation a composite structure is formed which consists of an intimate mixture of nano-sized grains of the nano-phase substance and the reaction by-product phase. The step of removing the by-product phase, following mechanical activation, may involve subjecting the composite structure to a suitable solvent which dissolves the by-product phase, while not reacting with the solid nano-phase substance. The process according to the invention may be used to form ultrafine metal powders as well as ultrafine ceramic powders. Advantages of the process include a significant degree of control over the size and size distribution of the ultrafine particles, and over the nature of interfaces created between the solid nano-phase substance and the reaction by-product phase.
Owner:WESTERN AUSTRALIA UNIV OF THE

ILS sensors for drug detection within vehicles

InactiveUS6067167AExtend drug detectionColor/spectral properties measurementsOn boardSpectroscopy
On-board ILS sensors for detecting illegal drugs and based on intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS) are provided for detecting the presence of drugs and their metabolized by-product vapors in an enclosed space, such as a vehicle. The sensor comprises: (a) a laser comprising a gain medium having two opposed facets within a laser resonator and functioning as an intracavity spectroscopic device having a first end and a second end, the first end operatively associated with a partially reflecting (i.e., partially transmitting) surface; (b) a reflective or dispersive optical element (e.g., a mirror or a diffraction grating) operatively associated with the second end to define a broadband wavelength laser resonator between the optical element and the first end and to thereby define an external cavity region between at least one facet of the gain medium and either the first end or the second end or both ends; (c) the external cavity region being exposed to air in the enclosed space to enable any drugs or their metabolized by-product molecules to enter thereinto; (d) a detector spaced from the first end; (e) appropriate electronics for measuring and analyzing the detector signal; (f) a housing for containing at least the laser, the partially reflecting surface, and the optical element, the housing being configured to prevent escape of stray radiation into the enclosed space and to permit air from the enclosed space to continuously circulate through the external cavity region for analysis; and (g) means for driving the laser (e.g., electrical or optical). A method is provided for measuring concentration of drug vapors and their metabolized by-product vapors in the vehicle or other enclosed space employing the on-board sensor. The method comprises: (1) sensing any drugs and their metabolized by-product vapors in the enclosed space by the on-board sensor; and (2) providing a signal indicative of presence of any drugs or metabolized vapors.
Owner:INNOVATIVE LASERS

Method for extracting krill oil with high phosphatide content from Antarctic krills

The invention discloses a method for extracting krill oil with high phosphatide content from Antarctic krills. The method comprises the following steps: (1) drying fresh Antarctic krills to obtain dry Antarctic krills; (2) performing extraction to dry Antarctic krills for 3 times with organic solvent; (3) mixing the extracting solutions, evaporating the mixed extracting solution to obtain Antarctic krill oil with the phosphatide content of 30-35%; then introducing nitrogen or carbon dioxide to remove the residual organic solvent; and adding polar organic solvent in the Antarctic krill oil, mixing evenly, standing to ensure that the mixed solution performs natural layering; and evaporating the lower solution to obtain the Antarctic krill oil with high phosphatide content, and then introducing nitrogen or carbon dioxide to remove the residual polar organic solvent so as to obtain a product. The extraction technology is performed at a low temperature, thus the red color of krill oil can be maintained and the beneficial ingredients in the product can not be damaged. The invention has high extraction efficiency and good phosphatide accumulation effect. Therefore, the Antarctic krill oil with high phosphatide content can be obtained and other byproducts can also be obtained.
Owner:SHANDONG NORMAL UNIV +1

Production of biodiesel from combination of corn (maize) and other feed stocks

A method and system to produce biodiesel from a combination of corn (maize) and other agro feedstock may be simarouba, mahua, rice, pongamia etc. Germ is separated (either by wet process or dry process) from corn, crude corn oil extracted from germ and corn starch milk/slurry is heated and cooked in jet cooker to about 105 degree Celsius, enzymes added to convert starch into fermentable sugars in liquification and saccharification process and rapidly cooled down to about 30 degree Celsius. Simarouba fruits syrup, mahua syrup is mixed with corn starch milk (after saccharification). When yeast is added the fermentation takes place for about 72 hours. Thereafter the fermented wash is distilled to produce ethanol. Water consumed in dry process is very less compared to traditional wet process system. Corn oil and mixture of other oils is fed into transesterification (reaction) vessels where ethanol with catalyst, usually sodium hydroxide is added and reaction takes place for about a period of 2-8 hours. Crude biodiesel and crude glycerin as by-products is produced. Excess ethanol removed by distillation process. Crude biodiesel washed with warm water to remove residual soaps or unused catalyst, dried and biodiesel stored for commercial use. Oil extracted from spent bleach mud (used sodium bentonite), a waste product of edible oil refineries may also be utilized for economical production of biodiesel in combination of corn oil and ethanol.
Owner:AARE PALANISWAMY RAMASWAMY

Catalyst for hydrogen production by catalyzing and hydrolyzing borohydride and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technologies and materials, in particular to a catalyst for catalytic hydrolysis of borane for the hydrogen production and a preparation method thereof, thereby solving the problems that the direct application of powder catalyst in a catalytic hydrolysis solid-liquid reaction system can cause the loss of the catalyst, the catalytic hydrolysis reaction is difficult to control and the hydrolysis by-products are difficult to be recovered, etc. The catalyst is composed of an active component and a carrier; the active component is a binary, ternary or multinary alloy or a single precious metal or the combination thereof which is composed of one or more transition metals, rare earth metals or precious metals and metalloids; the active component is deposited on the carrier through the improved chemical plating technology, the surface thereof is rough and porous, and the structure of the prepared catalyst is the amorphous or the nanocrystalline structure. The preparation method has simple preparation process, high preparation efficiency and convenient large-scale preparation; the sources of the used raw materials are rich; the catalytic activity of the prepared supported catalyst is high, the real-time control of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of the borane can be realized, the catalytic performance is stable, and the catalyst can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times.
Owner:INST OF METAL RESEARCH - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI

High protein corn product production and use

The present invention relates to the production of a highly digestible, high protein product (high protein distillers dried grains or high protein DDG) from corn endosperm, and more particularly to a method for the recovery of high protein DDG by using: (i) dehulling and degermination to isolate a low fat, low fiber corn endosperm fraction, (ii) enzymatic hydrolysis to solubilize and alcoholic fermentation to assimilate the starch and non-starch carbohydrates present in the corn endosperm, and (iii) filtration and/or centrifugation to recover the dealcoholized insoluble solids that remain after fermentation of the corn endosperm. The present invention provides an alternative to the traditional dry mill method of processing corn to produce ethanol, and results in the production and recovery of a distillers' by-product (high protein DDG) with increased value and range of use as an ingredient in feeds for farm-raised ruminants and non-ruminants and pet foods. The product of the present invention contains less than about 2.0 weight percent starch, from about 55.0 to about 65.0 weight percent protein, from about 4.5 to about 7.5 weight percent fat, from about 3.0 to about 5.0 weight percent crude fiber, and from about 78.0 to about 90.0 percent total digestible nutrients, and improves the palatability and digestibility of animal feeds and/or pet foods into which it is incorporated, and aids in the management of the health and weight gain of the animal.
Owner:GREENSTOCK RESOURCES
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