The invention provides a high selectivity carbon dioxide methanation catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, the catalyst comprises active components, auxiliary agents and a carrier; noble metal Ru or Rh is used as a main catalytic active component, one or a plurality of elements selected from I and II main group and II, III and VII sub group are used as the auxiliary agents, and Ce-Zr oxide in a certain proportion is used as the carrier. The high selectivity carbon dioxide methanation catalyst is used in the manner of particles or coating (wall loading) of the carrier, the auxiliary agents and the active components on to an overall structure catalyst or a metal honeycomb. The catalyst has high activity and high selectivity of methanation, no CO content and the like, the catalyst can be applied to hydrogenation methanation removal of CO2 in a space station, can be applied to the process of natural gas production from coal, process gas CO2 conversion and utilization process and the like, and can realize the new energy development and energy saving and emission reduction.