2078 results about "Reduction treatment" patented technology

A method of cleaning the interior of a processing chamber first performs a halogenation treatment by supplying a treatment gas containing a halogenating gas into the processing chamber and heating a support member for a target substrate, thereby halogenating a metal element in a by-product film. A reduction treatment is then performed by supplying a treatment gas containing a reducing gas into the processing chamber, thereby reducing a halide of the metal element and liberating the metal element. An oxidation treatment is then performed by supplying a treatment gas containing an oxidizing gas into the processing chamber and heating the casing walls of the processing chamber, thereby passivating the liberated metal element by oxidation.

The process for preparing tubular titanium oxide particles comprises subjecting a water dispersion sol, which is obtained by dispersing (i) titanium oxide particles and/or (ii) titanium oxide type composite oxide particles comprising titanium oxide and an oxide other than titanium oxide in water, said particles having an average particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, to hydrothermal treatment in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide. After the hydrothermal treatment, reduction treatment (including nitriding treatment) may be carried out. The tubular titanium oxide particles obtained in this process are useful as catalysts, catalyst carriers, adsorbents, photocatalysts, decorative materials, optical materials and photoelectric conversion materials. Especially when the particles are used for semiconductor films for photovoltaic cells or photocatalysts, prominently excellent effects are exhibited.

A holographic recording medium exhibiting a high recording sensitivity without execution of reduction treatment. A system records information on the holographic recording medium by using a gating light within a wavelength band causing less optical damage to the holographic recording medium. The holographic recording medium includes a single crystal of lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) or lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃) containing Mn as a dopant.

Provided is a new catalyst capable of removing carbon monoxide economically without adding particular reaction gas externally. Also provided are a process for producing and an apparatus using such a catalyst. Impregnation of a Ni—Al composite oxide precursor of a nonstoichiometric composition prepared by the solution-spray plasma technique with a ruthenium salt to be supported and performing reduction treatment allows CO methanation reaction to selectively proceed even in the high-temperature range in which CO₂ methanation reaction and reverse water-gas-shift reaction proceed preferentially with conventional catalysts. Selective CO methanation reaction occurs reproducibly with another Ni—Al composite oxide precursor or an additive metallic species. Also, the low-temperature activity of CO methanation reaction can be improved through steps different from conventional catalyst production processes in producing such a catalyst material, whereby the temperature window the resulting catalyst material has can be utilized most effectively.

The invention relates to a preparation method of concrete with high strength and high damp. The invention is characterized in that the preparation method includes the following steps: firstly, the pretreatment of the light aggregate: (1) the feeding and vibration reduction treatment of the light aggregate: the light aggregate adsorbs the polymer to obtain feeding and vibration reduction treatment light aggregate; (2) sealing and reinforcing treatment on the surface of the feeding and vibration reduction treatment light aggregate: the feeding and vibration reduction treatment light aggregate obtained at the first step is put into sealing and reinforcing treatment slurry to mix for 1 to 3 minutes, then being fished out, and then conserved for 3 days in the condition of 85 percent to 95 percent of relative humidity and the temperature of 23 DEG C to 27 DEG C, wherein, pretreatment light aggregate is obtained; secondly, preparation for the concrete with high strength and high toughness: the concrete with high strength and high toughness is formed by evenly mixing water, common coarse aggregate, the pretreatment light aggregate, cement, fine aggregate, mineral addition, fibre, emulsified polymer and high efficiency water reducing agent. The invention can effectively increase the strength and the damp performance of the concrete.

Formulations, kits, and methods for rebuilding the disulfide bonds in keratin found in hair, skin, or nails. Hair that is damaged due to a hair coloring treatment and/or other reducing treatment, such as during a permanent wave, can be treated with the formulations containing one or more active agents. The formulations may be applied subsequent to a hair coloring treatment or simultaneously with a hair coloring treatment. Use of the active agent formulations during a permanent wave treatment prevents the reversion of the hair to its previous state, for at least one week, preferably at least three months, more preferably at least one year, most preferably greater than one year, after one or more than one application of the formulation. Application of the active agent formulation to skin or nails can help repair damaged disulfide bonds due to natural wear and tear or natural aging.

To optimally operate a NOx-occluded type catalytic converter installed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, there are employed an air/fuel ratio sensor for detecting an exhaust air/fuel ratio of the exhaust gas downstream of the converter; and a control device for controlling an air/fuel ratio of a combustible mixture fed to the engine. The control device comprises a first section for causing the converter to effect NOx-reduction treatment by making the air/fuel ratio of the combustible mixture richer and/or stoichiometric; and a second section for learning and correcting the condition of the NOx-reduction treatment, based on the exhaust air/fuel ratio detected by the sensor under the NOx-reduction treatment.

The invention relates to a method for repairing and processing the soil polluted by heavy metals such as chromium and the like and semimetal elements such as arsenic and the like, and eliminating the pollution influence. The method mainly comprises the following steps: carrying out the dry treatment on the polluted soil, and carrying out the crushing and grinding treatment; carrying out the reduction treatment by a reducing agent on the polluted soil which is crushed and ground; carrying out a first curing process by a first curing agent on the polluted soil which undergoes the reduction treatment; carrying out a second curing process by a second curing agent on the polluted soil which undergoes the first curing process, thus obtaining the repaired soil. By the processing programs, harmful substances such as the heavy metals and the like in the polluted oil are solidified into the stable state; and the toxicity of the harmful substances is obviously reduced and is not easily diffused.

The invention relates to a technology for reducing waste incineration fly ash via water logging pretreatment, and the technology is particularly suitable for the treatment of waste incineration fly ash with salt content higher than 20%. A water logging dechlorination manner is used for treating waste incineration fly ash; by prolonging the logging time, the water consumption is greatly reduced, a subsequent wastewater treatment process is simplified at the same time and a soluble salt resource is recycled; before fly ash enters into a furnace, most of heavy metals and chlorine salts are removed, a matrix of fly ash is purified, and by virtue of existing incineration equipment of waste incineration power plants, pollutants such as dioxin are thoroughly degraded, so that the overall normal running of a waste incineration line is ensured and the harmless and reduction treatment of waste incineration fly ash is realized. The technology has a characteristic of correct in-situ treatment, and is simple in process and low in investment and operation costs; by gathering most of heavy metals and salts in heavy metal plaster and gathering little of the two in secondary fly ash, the reduction of waste incineration fly ash is realized, and then a favorable foundation is laid for the subsequent further treatment or resource utilization.

The invention provides a treatment method for a surface target of an unmanned ship based on a laser imaging radar.The method based on the unmanned ship of the laser image radar comprises the following steps: S1, generating a three-dimensional cloud point image on the water surface around the unmanned ship by the laser imaging radar, the three-dimensional cloud point image comprises a target cloud point and a non-target cloud point;conducting dimension reduction treatment to the three-dimensional cloud point image, projecting the three-dimensional cloud point image to a two-dimensional XY-grid plane, counting the position information and height information of each grid, S2, cutting the target cloud point and non-target point cloud, S3,clustering the target point cloud obtained after being cut, extracting the position information of each target, forming the target sample set, extracting multi-dimensional eigenvector collected by the target sample; S4, training the target sample set,obtaining the obtained identifying function, and identifying the target point cloud by the identifying function. The treatment method provided in the invention can detect and identify the target of the water surface around the unmanned ship accurately.

[Problem] In known methods, an improvement of the coercive force is realized by allowing the Dy metal or the like to present selectively in crystal grain boundary portions of a sintered magnet. However, since these are based on a physical film formation method, e.g., sputtering, through the use of a vacuum vessel, there is a mass productivity problem in the case where large amounts of magnet is treated. Furthermore, there is a magnet cost problem from the viewpoint that, for example, an expensive, high-purity Dy metal or the like must be used as a raw material for film formation.

[Solving Means] A method for modifying grain boundaries of a Nd—Fe—B base magnet characterized by including the step of allowing an M metal component to diffuse and penetrate from a surface of a Nd—Fe—B base sintered magnet body having a Nd-rich crystal grain boundary phase surrounding principal Nd₂Fe₁₄B crystals to the grain boundary phase through a reduction treatment of a fluoride, an oxide, or a chloride of an M metal element (where M is Pr, Dy, Tb, or Ho).

First of all, there is provided a production process of a synthetic quartz glass which has less impurity, has a high-temperature viscosity characteristic equal to or more than that of a natural quartz glass, and hardly deforms even in a high-temperature environment, and especially a production process of a highly heat resistant synthetic quartz glass which is free from the generation of bubbles and is dense. Secondly, there is provided a highly heat resistant synthetic quartz glass body which is easily obtained by the production process of the present invention, and especially a transparent or black quartz glass body which is free from the generation of bubbles, is dense, has high infrared absorption rate and emission rate, and has an extremely high effect for preventing diffusion of alkali metal. The process is a process of producing a highly heat resistant quartz glass body having an absorption coefficient at 245 nm of 0.05 cm⁻¹ or more, and the silica porous body was subjected to a reduction treatment, followed by baking, thereby forming a dense glass body.

An ordinary-temperature purifying catalyst includes an oxide having an oxygen defect introduced by a reduction treatment, and a noble metal loaded on the oxide. For example, the oxide can be at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of cerium oxides and zirconium oxides, at least a part of which has an oxygen defect. The catalyst can purify an environmental loading material, such as carbon monoxide, a nitrogen oxide, ethylene, formaldehyde, trimethylamine, methyl mercaptan and acetaldehyde, in air at an ordinary temperature. A method for how to use the catalyst is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a carbon loaded noble metal catalyst, which is characterized in that the catalyst consists of a carrier and palladium and ruthenium which are loaded on the carrier, wherein the carrier is powdery fruit shell active carbon and is between 85 and 99.7 percent by weight; the palladium is between 0.2 and 10 percent by weight; and the ruthenium is between 0.1 and 10 percent by weight. The catalyst is obtained by performing acid treatment, ash removal and oxidation treatment on the carrier, namely the active carbon for removing surface reduction functional groups first, using a solution of the palladium and the ruthenium to perform soakage treatment, and using one or more among hydrogen, potassium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate to perform reduction treatment. The catalyst has high activity and selectivity and good stability in hydrogenation reaction of organic compounds containing carbonyl.

The invention relates to an organic waste dry anaerobic high-temperature fermentation system and a fermentation process. The fermentation system comprises a feeding system (1), a dry anaerobic fermentation tank (2) with an agitating system (3), a heat preservation and heating system (4), a biogas slurry and biogas residue treatment system (5), an exhaust system (6) and a control system. The organic waste dry anaerobic high-temperature fermentation system and the fermentation process have the beneficial effects that harmless treatment, reduction treatment and resource treatment can be carried out on domestic organic wastes, so that the cyclic utilization of the wastes is realized; and moreover, the treatment efficiency is high, and the energy consumption and the treatment cost are low.

The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene/conductive polymer composite material. The method includes that firstly a graphene solution or a modified graphene solution is subjected to spray drying to obtain a graphene microsphere, then the obtained graphene microsphere is mixed with a liquid conductive polymer monomer to be soaked, then the graphene microsphere is mixed with an acid solution containing an oxidant to be subjected to a polymerization reaction, and the reduction treatment is performed to obtain the graphene/conductive polymer composite material. The composite material is formed by coating a nanoscale conductive polymer on the surface of the graphene microsphere, so that agglomeration of the graphene during large current charge-discharge is avoided, and the rate capability of the composite material during the large current charge-discharge is improved. An experimental result shows that according to the composite material, when the electric current density is 1A/g, the first time discharge capacity reaches to 1000F/g, when the electric current density is 10A/g, the first time discharge capacity is still high and is in a range from 750F/g to 1000F/g, and the specific capacity maintains 90% after 10000 times of circulations.

The invention discloses a low-energy drying treatment method for discharged sludge. The method comprises the following steps: after adding water into discharged sludge in a first reaction tank so as to carry out physical degradation on the discharged sludge and then uniformly stirring the obtained mixture completely, conveying the obtained discharged sludge with water content of 80% to a second reaction tank; adding a chemical reagent into the second reaction tank so as to carry out chemical conditioning and modification on the discharged sludge, then carrying out mechanical filter pressing on the sludge so as to reduce the water content of the sludge to 40-45%, and preparing the sludge into mud cakes; and ventilating and drying the mud cakes in a greenhouse shed so as to reduce the content content of the sludge to 20-30%. The method disclosed by the invention is suitable to be applied to the reclamation and reduction treatment of discharged sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plants, and the volume of the treated sludge is reduced by more than 70%, thereby effectively saving landfill land resources; the sludge treatment method is simple in operation, low in cost and low in energy consumption; by using the method disclosed by the invention, harmful substances in the sludge can be degraded completely, thereby avoiding the secondary pollution to the environment; meanwhile, the mud cakes can be directly used as boiler fuel so as to recycle heat energy.

The invention discloses a hollow graphene ball and a preparation method and application of the hollow graphene ball. The preparation method of the hollow graphene ball includes the steps that powder and oxidized graphene are dispersed in liquid at the weight ratio ranging from 1 : 0.01 to 1 : 20, and dispersed suspension liquid is obtained, wherein powder is nanometer powder and/or micrometer powder; spray drying is conducted on the dispersed suspension liquid, and a precursor is obtained; in protective gas, reduction treatment is conducted on the precursor at the temperature ranging from 200 DEG C to 1100 DEG C, the precursor is cooled to the room temperature after being treated, and then reduzate is obtained, wherein reduzate contains powder or reactant of powder; the reduzate is mixed with a solvent to make powder or the reactant of powder dissolved, and then the hollow graphene ball is obtained after solids are separated. The preparation method is simple in operation, environment friendliness is achieved, the yield is high, cost is low, and the preparation method is suitable for industrialized mass production. The hollow graphene ball has excellent electrochemical performance, and can be used as a positive electrode material of a lithium air cell.

The invention discloses a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based brain disease individual prediction method and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based brain disease individual prediction system. The method comprises the following steps: 1: obtaining the MRI of the brain of a patient with mental diseases; 2: carrying out denoising and dimension reduction treatment on the MRI of the brain of the patient; 3: carrying out feature selection by utilizing a ReliefF algorithm; 4: adaptively obtaining a spatial brain area by using a spatial cluster analysis method; 5: removing redundant features by utilizing a correlation-based feature selection algorithm, thus obtaining an optimal feature subset; 6: carrying out multiple linear regression analysis based on the optimal feature subset to recognize potential biomarkers. The method has the beneficial effects that the embodiment of the invention integrates various machine learning methods and can rapidly and conveniently achieve quantitative and individual accurate prediction of the interest features of mental diseases, such as clinical indexes, based on various image data in different mode types, thus being beneficial to understanding the brain structures, function abnormity and potential pathogenesis of the diseases.

The invention provides a silicate luminescent material, which has a structural formula of Ln2-xSiO5:Tbx@SiO2@M, wherein Ln is a rare earth element, @ represents cladding, that is to say, a metal nanoparticles is taken as a nucleus, spherical SiO2 is taken as an intermediate-layer shell, and fluorescent powder Ln2-xSiO5:Tbx is taken as an outer-layer shell; and M is one of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu metalnanoparticles, and a value of x is more than 0 and not more than 0.5. The invention also provides a preparation method of the luminescent material, which comprises the following steps of: preparing ametal nanoparticle colloid, preparing a SiO2 nano sphere, preparing a precursor, finally performing thermal treatment and reduction treatment on the precursor, and cooling to obtain a finished product. In the invention, the nucleus and the shell are formed through cladding the metal particles, so that the internal quantum efficiency, the stability and the luminescent efficiency of the silicate luminescent material are improved, the luminescent intensity of the silicate luminescent material is strengthened, thus the silicate luminescent material provided by the invention has broad production and application prospects.

The invention discloses a system for auxiliarily treating acid mine waste water by utilizing stepped interception dams and a process thereof. The system for auxiliarily treating the acid mine waste water by utilizing the stepped interception dams comprises at least three levels of interception dams, wherein the interception dams are distributed in a shape of naturally falling trapezoid so as to carry out primary treatment, neutralization treatment, reducing treatment and impurity eliminating treatment on the acid mine waste water. The system and the process disclosed by the invention have theadvantages that the stepped interception dams are established on a natural ditch by utilizing natural falls, and the functions of obstruction of the stepped dams, physical and chemical reaction of microorganisms, filtering and adsorption of plant roots and the like are also utilized, so that the process is a subsequent auxiliary and deep treatment method, the treating effect is improved, the complexity and treating difficulty of the traditional method are simplified, the cost is reduced, the water quality is improved, the heavy metal content and the acidity are further reduced, and the damages of the mine waste water to water source areas and ecological environment are reduced.

The invention discloses a phase sensitivity light time domain reflection system and a method for improving SNR (signal to noise ratio) thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: changing an initial phase of each code word of a sequence coded pulse randomly through an external modulation method when a pulse is coded based on a Simplex sequence and a zero adjustment modulation mode; carrying out coherence reduction treatment on the coherence among sequence codes, and keeping the coherence in a unit code; and decoding through a rapid sliding decoding method. According to the system and the method, as well as the system SNR is improved and the sensing distance is prolonged, not only can the system space resolution not be reduced, but also the space resolution can be improved effectively; by utilizing the rapid sliding decoding method, the measuring time of the coded pulse is equal to the measuring time per time, the efficiency is higher compared with that by using a progressive average measuring method, and the frequency measuring range of the system is expanded, and thus the light pulse coding method is a high-efficiency method for improving the SNR of the phase sensitivity light time domain reflection system, and the integral performance of the system can be improved effectively.