177 results about "Solid carbon" patented technology

The invention discloses a device for preparing a molten carbon fertilizer through solid waste microwave pyrolysis and waste heat recovery, and belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and recycling. The device is composed of a pretreatment unit, a microwave pyrolysis unit, a gas-solid separation unit, a gas phase treatment unit, a solid phase treatment unit and a waste heat circulation unit, solid waste enters a microwave rotary kiln after being dried and crushed, a magnetron generates microwave anaerobic pyrolysis under photovoltaic power supply, and a high-temperature gas-solid product is generated; the cyclone separator is used for separating flue gas from solid carbon, the flue gas is condensed to obtain pyrolytic oil and gas, and waste heat of medium-temperature flue gas is recovered through the heat accumulating type heat exchanger for drying; cooling the solid carbon through a heat pipe heat exchanger, recovering waste heat and liquefying urea, and mixing the solid carbon and the urea in a stirring melting pool to prepare a molten carbon fertilizer; and the waste heat backflow fan sends the carbon waste heat back to the drying chamber. The system is driven by green electricity, gas and solid phase waste heat is recovered through double paths, solid waste efficient pyrolysis-product high value-energy self-circulation is achieved, and energy consumption and carbon emission are reduced.

The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of chromite, and particularly relates to a method for producing high-carbon ferrochrome through chromite pellet prereduction-electric furnace smelting. According to the method, a reduction method that a reducing agent and chromite pellets are fed into a kiln separately is adopted, chromite oxidized pellets are prepared firstly and then reduced through a rotary kiln solid carbon reducing agent, and the obtained pre-reduced pellets are subjected to electric furnace smelting with a calcium flux and a magnesium flux as slagging fluxes to prepare the high-carbon ferro-chrome. The problem that according to an existing method, the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets and the adverse effect on electric furnace smelting caused by unstable carbon residues are solved, the production stability of the electric furnace can be improved, and meanwhile the electric furnace smelting temperature can be increased. The method is simple, controllable, low in energy consumption, high in efficiency, high in stability, low in production cost and convenient for industrial application.

A process includes receiving, in an unheated coke drum, a feedstock comprising a solid carbon-based material, heating the unheated coke drum and the feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material to a first temperature to form a heated feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material in a semi-solid state or a melted state in a heated coke drum, and processing the heated feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material in the semi-solid state or the melted state in the heated coke drum with a heated petroleum residue-containing feedstock at a second temperature and under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the heated feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material in the semi-solid state or the melted state to a product stream including a gas phase including hydrocarbons and hydrogen, and coke.

An apparatus for extracting and utilizing noble gases from carbonate rock includes a container body. A gas-solid separation assembly defines filter pores, and a diameter of each filter pore is micrometer-scale. A mechanical crushing assembly is disposed at a bottom of the gas-solid separation assembly, and is configured to crush a carbonate-rock sample until particles each have a size on the order of micrometers or larger. The gas-solid separation assembly is elastic. The particle deposition device is disposed inside a crushing chamber. The particle deposition device includes connecting ropes and spheres. The connecting ropes are fixed to an inner wall of the crushing chamber, and the spheres are fixed to the connecting ropes. This apparatus not only avoids the generation of large quantities of impurity components, but also separates solid carbonate-rock sample particles from the noble gases, enabling effective extraction of the noble gases from the carbonate-rock sample for utilization.

To provide a treatment method capable of efficiently decomposing rubber in a short time and effectively utilizing the rubber, in particular, to provide a treatment method capable of efficiently producing hydrogen gas and solid carbon from a raw material containing the rubber in a short time, and to provide a mixture suitably used for producing the hydrogen gas and the solid carbon.SOLUTION: A treatment method of the present invention includes a hydrogen-carbon production step of irradiating a mixture of a raw material containing rubber and a catalyst containing an iron-based catalyst with microwaves to selectively heat and activate the iron-based catalyst, and decomposing the rubber in the presence of the iron-based catalyst to produce hydrogen gas and solid carbon.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The present invention provides a method for producing a sintered ore, with which it is possible to improve granulation properties of a sintering starting material even in cases where PKS charcoal is mixed with the sintering starting material in order to reduce the discharge amount of carbon dioxide, and ore concentrate is mixed with the sintering starting material in order to increase the total Fe amount.　The method for producing a sintered ore comprises: a starting material blending step (step S101) for blending and granulating an iron starting material and a solid carbonaceous material that contains a first carbonaceous material and a second carbonaceous material so as to produce a sintering starting material; a starting material layer formation step (step S102) for supplying the sintering starting material onto a pallet of a sintering machine so as to form a starting material layer; and a sintering step (step S103) for igniting and firing the upper surface of the starting material layer so as to produce a sintered ore. In the starting material blending step (step S101), palm shell charcoal is blended as the first carbonaceous material, and a carbonaceous material derived from a fossil fuel is blended as the second carbonaceous material. The arithmetic average particle diameter of the palm shell charcoal is smaller than the arithmetic average particle diameter of the second carbonaceous material.

The invention discloses a boron-doped porous silicon-carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, silicon dioxide, a solid carbon source and boron-containing particles are subjected to high-energy ball milling, and a mixed product A is obtained; s2, mechanically mixing the mixed product A with magnesium powder to obtain a mixed product B; s3, putting the mixed product B into a reactor, roasting for 6-9 hours at 600-1000 DEG C under an inert condition, and naturally cooling to obtain a mixed product C; and S4, sequentially carrying out acid pickling on the mixture C in dilute acid and hydrofluoric acid, then cleaning with pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out centrifugal drying to obtain the boron-doped porous silicon-carbon composite material. The method is simple in process and low in raw material cost, and the prepared boron-doped porous silicon-carbon composite material is high in conductivity and good in cycling stability.

A method for storing solid carbon and / or carbon dioxide is disclosed.

This invention provides a catalytic medium, apparatus, and method for preparing graphene. The catalytic medium comprises a first metal element (magnesium), a second metal element, and a halide salt. The apparatus includes a reaction system, a gas dispersion and treatment system, a solid carbon collection system, and a gas recovery system. The reaction system includes a first reactor and a second reactor. The gas dispersion and treatment system includes a first aeration device, a second aeration device, a first rotary stirrer, and a second rotary stirrer. The solid carbon collection system includes a first cyclone separator, a second cyclone separator, and a carbon material collection chamber. The graphene preparation method of this invention enables high-quality, low-cost mass production of graphene, extends the service life of the catalytic medium, and achieves high activity, long cycle time, and stable operation. This method utilizes CO2 resources, is environmentally friendly, low-cost, and significantly improves the feed gas conversion rate and graphene quality.

The invention belongs to the field of biogas treatment, and relates to plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for removing carbon dioxide in biogas. The preparation method of the plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon comprises the following steps: mixing PET plastic pyrolytic carbon with urea, carrying out high-temperature nitrogen-doped reaction on the obtained urea-carbon black mixture under the protection of inert gas, cooling, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped carbon material with potassium hydroxide, and drying to obtain the plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon. And grinding the obtained modified nitrogen-doped carbon material, and performing high-temperature activation treatment under the protection of inert gas to obtain the plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon. The preparation method is characterized in that solid carbon obtained after pyrolysis of PET plastic is taken as a raw material, urea is taken as a nitrogen source, and potassium hydroxide is adopted for pore forming, so that the obtained plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon has relatively high CO2 adsorption capacity, CO2 in biogas can be removed at room temperature, the influence of repeated use of the porous activated carbon on the adsorption effect of CO2 is relatively small, and the adsorption efficiency is relatively high. The cycle performance is excellent.

The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of graphene composite powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a mixed material of powder and a solid carbon source into a reaction cavity; vacuumizing the interior of the reaction cavity, and then filling inert gas to normal pressure; treating the mixed material in the reaction cavity by adopting an acoustic resonance process, and setting sound wave frequency, acceleration, treatment time and material temperature; and collecting products, and cleaning and separating powder. A mixed material in a reaction cavity is treated by adopting an acoustic resonance process, direct contact friction between a grinding material and powder is avoided through acoustic resonance mixing, the risk that impurities are introduced due to mechanical abrasion is reduced, and the problems that the cost is high and the compounding efficiency is low when graphene powder is prepared through a conventional vapor deposition method are solved; the acoustic streaming effect generated by resonance can permeate into the powder aggregate, the aggregate structure is effectively disassembled and is not influenced by different material densities, powder particles with different particle sizes and different components are promoted to be uniformly dispersed and interacted, and the shape of the original powder is not changed.

[Problem] To produce hydrogen while avoiding the discharge of carbon dioxide by a simple constitution without depending on fossil fuels. [Solution] A hydrogen production system 1 comprises: a biogas generation device 2 that generates a biogas which contains first methane and carbon dioxide from biomass; a hydrogenation device 3 that generates second methane by hydrogenation of the carbon dioxide contained in the biogas, thereby generating a hydrogenated gas containing the first and second methane; a thermal decomposition device 5 that generates hydrogen and solid carbon by direct decomposition of the first and second methane; and a generated hydrogen supply line L3 that is connected to the hydrogenation device 3 and is for supplying some of the hydrogen generated by the thermal decomposition device 5 to the hydrogenation device 3. In a normal operation state, the hydrogenation device 3 generates the second methane using only the hydrogen supplied from the generated hydrogen supply line L3.

A pyrolysis system for conducting a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reaction and related systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the pyrolysis system includes a combustion component, a reaction chamber thermally coupled to the combustion component, and a recycling component fluidly coupled to an output of the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber can be couplable to a supply of pyrolysis feedstock. The thermal coupling allows the reaction chamber to transfer heat from the combustion component to the pyrolysis feedstock to generate a product stream that includes hydrogen gas and solid carbon. The recycling component receives the product stream and can direct a portion of the product stream into the combustion component. In some embodiments, the pyrolysis system includes a controller configured to adjust various operational parameters of the pyrolysis system based on various goals for combustion fuel consumption, hydrogen gas output, energy consumption, reactor efficiency, and / or the like.

Methods are described for performing microwave-driven pyrolysis reactions. The reactions utilize a catalyst comprising a microwave susceptor, silicon carbide. Exemplary microwave-driven pyrolysis reactions described include methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and solid carbon nanostructured products, such as graphene. Hydrogen can be produced from microwave-driven methane pyrolysis as described herein with improved conversion and stability and significantly higher energy efficiency than a thermally-driven pyrolysis reaction.

Sublimation furnace (200) for the formation of silicon carbide, comprising a furnace jacket (201), at least one heating element (202) arranged outside the furnace jacket (201), and a hot zone (203) arranged inside the furnace jacket (201) surrounded by insulation (204), wherein the hot zone (203) comprises: a) a crucible (210) having an upper region (220) and a lower region (240); b) a crucible cover (215) that tightly seals the crucible (210); c) a solid silicon carbide precursor arranged in the lower region (240) of the crucible (210), and d) a seed crystal module arranged in the upper region (220) of the crucible (210), the seed crystal module comprising: (1) a silicon carbide seed crystal (100) having an upper surface (150) and a lower surface (160), wherein the upper surface (150) is exposed to the upper region (220) of the crucible (210), and the lower surface (160) is facing the solid silicon carbide precursor and the lower region (240) of the crucible (210), and (2) a seed crystal holder (120) having an upper section and a lower section holding the seed crystal (100) between them, the seed crystal holder (120) comprising a plurality of vapor release openings (130) formed around a central axis (215) of the seed crystal holder (120); and e) a vapor release ring (280) arranged above the upper section of the seed crystal holder (120), the vapor release ring (280) having one or more holes (270) aligned with one or more vent holes (260) formed in the crucible (210), wherein the plurality of vapor release openings (130) of the seed crystal holder (120), the one or more holes (270) of the vapor release ring (280), and the one or more vent holes (260) of the crucible (210) together form a path for vapors to escape from the crucible (210).

The present invention relates to a method for producing a large amount of hydrogen and high-quality solid carbon by controlling carbon characteristics and efficiently decomposing methane into hydrogen and solid carbon by means of plasma, by supplying methane bidirectionally, specifically in mutually opposing directions, rather than in a single direction under the same energy density. The present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen and solid carbon by means of plasma, comprising the steps of: a) supplying a plasma-forming gas to a triple torch-type plasma jet device to generate a plasma jet; b) supplying methane gas to the plasma jet and thermally decomposing the methane gas to produce hydrogen and solid carbon; and c) filtering the solid carbon.

The application discloses a carbon-based resource hierarchical multi-element conversion system and method, a plasma hydrogen radical catalysis module is used for receiving hydrogen gas discharged by an electrolytic water module and is used for catalytically generating plasma hydrogen radicals from the hydrogen gas; a pyrolyzer is used for performing a hydrogenation pyrolysis reaction on solid carbon-based resources and the plasma hydrogen radicals to generate gaseous products and solid products; a plasma thermal cracking gasification module is used for converting the solid products discharged from a second outlet end into H2 / CO synthesis gas; a multi-phase product fine separation module is in communication with the first outlet end and is used for separating the gaseous products discharged from the first outlet end into gaseous phase products and liquid phase products; and a renewable energy power generation module is used for supplying power to the electrolytic water module, the plasma hydrogen radical catalysis module and the plasma thermal cracking gasification module. The application introduces hydrogen radicals into a pyrolysis reaction, significantly improves tar yield and quality, and simultaneously replaces a conventional gasification heat supply path with plasma to efficiently convert semicoke.

The invention discloses an industrial waste heat driven solid carbon-based waste pyrolysis oil rectification grading system, which comprises a waste heat collection mechanism, a heat conduction oil circulation mechanism, a condensation recovery mechanism and a control mechanism, the waste heat collection mechanism comprises a plurality of first heat exchangers, and the first heat exchangers are used for recovering waste heat; the heat-conducting oil circulating mechanism comprises a heat-conducting oil storage tank, an oil pump and a temperature control valve, the heat-conducting oil storage tank is communicated with a reboiler at the bottom of the distillation tower through a second pipeline, a high-temperature section, a medium-temperature section and a low-temperature section are sequentially arranged in the distillation tower from bottom to top, the condensation recovery mechanism comprises a multi-stage condenser and an oil product collecting tank, and the multi-stage condenser is communicated with the top of the distillation tower. The heat energy recovery mechanism comprises a plurality of second heat exchangers, and the control mechanism comprises a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a PID and a PLC. The solid carbon-based waste pyrolysis oil rectifying and grading system driven by the industrial waste heat has the advantages that the industrial waste heat utilization efficiency is high, and the temperature in the tower is stable.

The present invention relates to a method for molten metal pyrolysis of a feed comprising hydrocarbons and nitrogen and / or hydrogen sulphide to produce solid carbon and one or more of liquid sulfur, hydrogen gas and ammonia gas. The molten salt layer contains two reaction zones of different temperatures, a high temperature zone for pyrolysing the hydrocarbon and a low temperature zone for pyrolysing the hydrogen sulphide and / or forming the ammonia. Liquid salt is used to separate produced solid carbon and optionally the produced liquid sulphur from the molten metal and to facilitate isolation of produced carbon. The invention further relates to a reactor for performing the method according to the invention.

The invention discloses fiber-free seawater and sea sand alkali-activated ultrahigh-strength concrete cured at normal temperature. Solid potassium carbonate and solid sodium metasilicate are used as composite excitants, under the condition that fibers are not doped, seawater and sea sand are used as water sand for mixing, industrial solid waste slag and silica fume are used as precursor materials, quartz powder is used as a filling material, borax is used as a retarder, the proportion of all raw material components is optimized, and a single-component forming mode is adopted, so that the fiber-reinforced concrete is prepared. The preparation of the ultrahigh-strength concrete can be realized under a normal-temperature sealed curing condition. According to the invention, the problem that the ultra-high strength performance and excellent flow / setting performance of the alkali-activated concrete are difficult to consider is effectively solved, and the popularization and application of the alkali-activated ultra-high strength concrete in actual engineering can be promoted. The technological process is simple, and the production energy consumption and cost are low; seawater and sea sand are used as water sand for mixing concrete, development and utilization of marine resources are promoted, dependence of concrete materials on freshwater river sand resources is reduced, and green and sustainable development of the building industry is facilitated.

Systems and methods are provided for forming concrete including a solid carbon product. The concrete formulation includes binders, aggregates, water, and at least 1% by weight solid carbon product. The solid carbon product includes less than 75% carbon by weight and greater than 25% ash by weight.

The invention discloses a process method for preparing green hydrogen by coupling biomass flameless pyrolysis gasification with steam reforming, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy preparation and organic solid waste recycling, and the process method comprises the following steps: in a high-frequency electromagnetic heating austenite alloy rotary kiln, carbon-containing organic matters are subjected to primary cracking by using a light quantum energy field excited by an alloy; combustible gas and solid carbon residues are mixed; the primary product is introduced into a light quantum reforming reactor, high-temperature superheated steam is introduced into the light quantum reforming reactor, in the reforming reactor, the high-temperature steam is dissociated into active [H] atoms and [OH] free radicals under the action of a light quantum field, the active [H] atoms and the [OH] free radicals are subjected to an efficient roaming chemical reaction with primary combustible gas and solid carbon, and hydrocarbon and carbon are preferentially converted into H2 and CO; finally, the reaction product is subjected to pressure swing adsorption or molecular sieve separation to obtain high-purity hydrogen, energy field precise excitation and chemical reaction cooperation are achieved, and the yield and selectivity of hydrogen are greatly improved.

This invention discloses a solid carbon source addition device for polylactic acid denitrification, comprising a wastewater tank, an inlet pipe connected to the top of the wastewater tank, a drain pipe connected to the side wall of the wastewater tank, a feed hopper on the wastewater tank, a carbon source storage mechanism on the wastewater tank, and the carbon source storage mechanism covering the feed hopper, with a feed pipe connected to the feed hopper. The carbon source storage mechanism transfers carbon source into the carbon source storage mechanism through the feed pipe. A carbon source dispensing mechanism is provided inside the wastewater tank. The carbon source storage mechanism is equipped with a drive motor and a power transmission mechanism, with the drive motor connected to the input end of the power transmission mechanism. The power transmission mechanism has a forward output end and a reverse output end. The advantages are: this invention achieves precise carbon source release through spiral conveying and layered dispensing, improving denitrification efficiency; the directional cylinder dynamically adjusts the dispensing position, optimizing the carbon source distribution in the wastewater; the single-motor dual-function drive saves energy; and the structure is compact.

The application relates to a reactor and a method for producing a solid carbon product by a chemical reaction. The reactor comprises a catalyst, at least one inlet for supplying a reactant into the reactor, at least one outlet for discharging the product, and at least one magnetic or electromagnetic device and / or electric means to provide movement of the catalyst in the reactor.

A natural gas zero-carbon heating and carbon material co-production system based on liquid metal catalytic cracking and a control method thereof. The present application belongs to the technical field of energy chemical industry and clean heating. The present application solves the problems of low utilization rate, high carbon emission and poor economy of traditional heating equipment. The present application uses pipeline natural gas as raw material, which is cracked into hydrogen and solid carbon in a high-temperature liquid metal catalytic cracking reactor; the hydrogen is fed into a double-loop combustion chamber, a part of which is combusted to provide zero-carbon heating for the terminal, and the other part of which is combusted to provide heat energy back to the cracking reactor to form an energy closed loop; the solid carbon is separated and post-processed into high-value carbon material products. The present application is provided with a dynamic carbon management device and an arc-shaped flow guide inner wall to ensure long-term continuous operation of the reactor, and can also realize heat, electricity and cold combined supply through valve switching. The present application realizes the collaborative conversion of natural gas into clean heat energy and high-value carbon materials, has the characteristics of zero-carbon environmental protection, severe cold adaptation and economic profitability, and meets the demand for composite energy.

Methods, systems and devices that utilize a mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) with other integrated equipment, hereinafter a mobile offshore production unit (MOPU) or a traditional floating production unit (FPU) to produce oil and natural gas from an oil and gas containing subsea geological formation are described. When the MOPU / FPU consumes all produced natural gas in one or more processes onsite to produce products selected from power, liquid petroleum products, hydrogen gas, solid carbon, and combinations thereof, then the production unit is transformed into a Modular MOPU™. Some produced natural gas is used to generate electricity for normal facility operations and additional natural gas consumed to generate electricity for various 4th-phase processes or used as feedstock for the production of value added products in processing equipment such as pyrolysis units, and / or gas-to-liquids units. Maximizing consumption of produced natural gas onsite, optimizes oil production without flaring, and without any export pipelines.

The disclosure relates to a method of processing a material including: receiving a hydrocarbon, polymeric, and / or waste input material to be processed within a reaction chamber; energizing one or more sets of electrodes, each set of electrodes including an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, each anode electrode and cathode electrode having an electrode tip exposed to the reaction chamber; and creating an electrical arc between the anode electrode tip and the cathode electrode tip within the reaction chamber to subject at least some of the input material to electrical arcing, thereby reacting at least a portion of the input material and forming a processed material. The processed material includes hydrogen and at least one of carbon monoxide and solid carbon.

The invention discloses a sectional oxygen control bulk solid carbon-based waste clean pyrolysis recovery method, and relates to the technical field of solid waste clean utilization and thermal process control, and the method comprises the following steps: crushing bulk solid carbon-based waste containing organic resin and an inorganic skeleton, and adjusting the water content; feeding the pretreated raw materials into three partitions of a closed multi-section pyrolyzing furnace, and sequentially carrying out inert drying and softening, micro-aerobic pyrolysis, controlled activation and self-decoking operation; introducing mixed flue gas discharged from each area into a condensation and dust removal system, separating three-state products, cooling and sorting inorganic framework materials, and completing clean pyrolysis recovery of wastes. By means of segmented cooperative control and the like, high-efficiency clean pyrolysis and high-value recovery are realized, and the problems of much tar, difficulty in tar cleaning and the like are solved.

The invention discloses a high-conversion-rate gasification method based on a biomass and plastic mixed raw material, which adopts a flash evaporation Joule heat technology, does not need to depend on external source heating, can quickly heat the mixed raw material to a high-efficiency gasification interval of 1500-2000 DEG C, solves the defects of high energy consumption ratio, limited temperature interval and long reaction period in traditional pyrolysis, and remarkably improves the gasification rate of the mixed raw material. Meanwhile, a gas-oil-carbon gradient utilization system is constructed, and all-component high-value conversion is achieved: pyrolysis gas generated by gasification is pretreated and then subjected to biological methanation, the pyrolysis gas is efficiently converted into biogas with the purity larger than 95%, and the problems that the pyrolysis gas is low in heat value and poor in stability due to direct utilization are solved; the pyrolysis residual solid carbon residue is activated to prepare a pollutant adsorbent; pyrolysis oil burns to release heat, energy is supplied to the raw material drying and biological methanation process, in order to further optimize the system energy utilization rate, the Joule heat system adopts solar energy to supply power, condensate water generated in the raw material drying process is reused for the gasification link, and the product quality is effectively improved.

The utility model relates to a graphene preparation device. The graphene preparation device comprises a plasma chamber, a solid-state carbon source chamber and a reaction chamber which are communicated in sequence, the plasma chamber is configured to obtain a high-temperature heat source by utilizing plasma, and the solid-state carbon source chamber is configured to gasify a solid-state carbon source into a gaseous-state carbon source by utilizing a plasma technology. When the graphene preparation device is used for preparing graphene, carrier gas enters the plasma chamber and is heated to obtain high-temperature carrier gas; high-temperature carrier gas passes through a solid carbon source chamber filled with a solid carbon source, and the solid carbon source is gasified into a gaseous carbon source with adjustable components; and the gaseous carbon source and the catalyst react in the reaction chamber to generate graphene. The plasma is high in controllability of energy output, wide in temperature controllable range, capable of generating charged particles and activating the solid carbon source, and the advantages of effectively improving adjustability, stability, high activity, low cost, low risk and the like of the carbon source are achieved by combining water vapor vaporization and hydration reaction.