897 results about "Solid carbon" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for preparing a graphene membrane. Carbon atoms are released from a solid carbon source by a method such as heat treatment, heat evaporation, sputtering, electron beam deposition, laser deposition or plasma deposition to form the graphene membrane on a catalytic layer or a substrate, wherein the solid carbon source is graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond, fullerene or carbon nano tubes. In the method for preparing the graphene membrane, the solid carbon source is used, the method is simple; and the prepared graphene membrane is easy to control in terms of thickness, structure and size, has excellent photoelectric characteristics and is suitable for preparing high-performance photoelectronic devices on a large scale.

The present invention relates to compositions of a nanofluid, which comprises a thermal transfer fluid and carbon nanoparticles. The nanofluid may be hydrophilic nanofluids, such as a coolant, or hydrophobic nanofluids, such as nanolubricants or nanogreases. In particular, the present invention provides a homogenous hydrophilic nanofluid, which contains soluble carbon nanotubes in the hydrophilic thermal transfer fluid. The present invention also provides a nanogrease, which is a sustainable dispersion of solid carbon nanotubes in a hydrophobic thermal transfer fluid. The solid carbon nanotubes function as both as a thickener to modulate viscosity and as a solid heat transfer medium to enhance thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance.

The invention discloses a carbon cladded ferriferrous oxide negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The negative electrode material is a carbon cladded Fe3O4 composite material and has a particle size in a range of 1 to 100 nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: with NaCl used as a dispersing agent and a supporter, fully mixing NaCl with a metal oxide source and a solid carbon source; drying an obtained mixed solution under vacuum to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture into a tubular furnace for calcination in an inert atmosphere so as to obtain a calcined product; and rinsing and grinding the calcined product to obtain carbon cladded metal oxide nanometer particles. The method is safe and non-toxic and is simple to operate; during charging and discharging tests of a lithium ion button cell made of the carbon cladded ferriferrous oxide negative electrode material, discharge specific capacity can be maintained at 620 to 900 mAh / g after 30 cycles of charging and discharging at a current of 0.1C (with current density being 92 mA / g), and discharge specific capacity can be maintained at 600 to 760 mAh / g after 50 cycles of charging and discharging at a current of 1C (with current density being 920 mA / g); and the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery has high reversible capacity and good cycling stability.

The present invention relates to compositions of a nanofluid, which comprises a thermal transfer fluid and carbon nanoparticles. The nanofluid may be hydrophilic nanofluids, such as a coolant, or hydrophobic nanofluids, such as nanolubricants or nanogreases. In particular, the present invention provides a homogenous hydrophilic nanofluid, which contains soluble carbon nanotubes in the hydrophilic thermal transfer fluid. The present invention also provides a nanogrease, which is a sustainable dispersion of solid carbon nanotubes in a hydrophobic thermal transfer fluid. The solid carbon nanotubes function as both as a thickener to modulate viscosity and as a solid heat transfer medium to enhance thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance.

An integrated dry gas fuel cell (IDG-FC) is provided. The IDG-FC includes at least one solid oxide fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The IDG-FC further includes a conversion bed, where carbon dioxide gas is provided to the conversion bed to convert carbon monoxide gas from the carbon dioxide gas. Solid carbonaceous fuel is provided to the conversion bed to promote the gas conversion. The carbon monoxide is provided as fuel to the anode, and air is supplied to the cathode to provide oxygen for oxidation of the carbon monoxide at the anode to generate electric power. This new process does not require water, and supplies the oxygen required for the oxidation reaction through an ionically selective solid oxide electrolyte membrane.

The invention discloses a fluid bed electrode direct carbon fuel cell device, which belongs to the technical field of clean energy. The device comprises a fluid bed, two or more tubular single cells, collector plates, a composite carbon fuel, a gas circulating device, a screw feeder and a fuel tank. In the device, a conductor catalyst is added into a solid carbon fuel on the basis of a solid oxide direct carbon fuel cell to expand a direct electrochemical reaction interface of carbon from a two dimension to a three dimension and promote the gasification reaction of the carbon, thereby improving the performance of the cell; the collector plates are distributed on the wall surface of a reactor, so current is convenient to collect; and simultaneously, a fluid bed reactor forms a fluid bed electrode to further enhance heat transfer and mass transfer in the electrode, so not only problems about feeding are solved, but also the performance of the solid oxide direct carbon fuel cell is further improved.

The invention discloses a laser preparation method for large-area patterned graphene. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) a solid carbon source is dispersed in an organic solvent to obtain a dispersion liquid, and the surface of a metal substrate is coated with the dispersion liquid in a spinning manner to obtain a uniform carbon coating; (2) under the condition of the protection of inert gas, a high power density laser beam is adopted to irradiate the carbon coating, and carbon atoms in the solid carbon source and metal atoms in the metal substrate are formed into a solid solution under function of irradiation; the high power density laser beam is moved away or the irradiation operation is stopped, when the metal substrate is cooled, the oversaturated solid solution is formed, and the carbon atoms are separated out of the oversaturated solid solution and formed on the surface of the substrate to form graphene. The invention provides a novel method which is convenient, fast, low in cost and high in efficiency and prepares the large-area patterned graphene. The product obtained through the method can be applied to the following fields: next generation microcomputers, flat-panel displays, super-capacitors, transparent conductive electrodes, sensors, solar batteries, micro-nano electronic devices, photoelectronic devices, self-spinning quantum devices, novel compound materials and so on.

A process for converting coal and other hydrocarbon solid fuel feedstocks comprises reacting the feedstock in a first stage exothermic hydropyrolysis reaction zone with a hydrogen-rich gas stream for producing methane. The methane from the first reaction zone is dissociated in a second endothermic reaction zone to produce solid carbon and hydrogen-rich gas using heat mainly from the first reaction zone. All heat to promote the desired extents of reaction in each reaction zone is provided solely from the exothermicity of chemical reactions in the process. The majority of the gas is recirculated from the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone. Hydrogen gas is recovered to produce electrical energy for reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

The invention relates to a process and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil. In one aspect, solid carbon materials are provided having stable sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidative species on the surface thereof. Such materials are useful in the production of low sulfur hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the removal of refractory sulfur compounds.

Methods of producing fibrous solid carbon forests include reacting carbon oxides with gaseous reducing agents in the presence of a catalyst having a predetermined grain size to cause growth of fibrous solid carbon forests upon a surface of the metal. The fibrous solid carbon forests are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the metal thus creating the “forests”. A bi-modal forest composition of matter is described in which a primary distribution of fibrous solid carbon comprises the forest and a secondary distribution of fibrous solid carbon is entangled with the primary distribution. A reactor includes a catalyst, a means for facilitating the reduction of a carbon oxide to form solid carbon forests on a surface of the catalyst, and a means for removing the solid carbon forest from the surface of the metal catalyst.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a graphene / copper composite material by in-situ catalysis of a solid carbon source on surfaces of copper powders. The method comprises the steps of: adding steel balls, the copper powders and polymethyl methacrylate at the mass ratio of 150: 10: (0.1-0.3) into a ball milling tank, and filling argon as protective atmosphere after vacuum pumping; after ball milling, preparing cooper-polymethyl methacrylate powders which are uniformly dispersed; performing reduction treatment in a tubular furnace to catalyze the polymethyl methacrylate into graphene, and obtaining graphene / copper composite powders with graphene in-situ growth; and then preparing a graphene copper-based composite material block. Tensile property of the graphene reinforced copper-based composite material prepared by the method is better than tensile property of that prepared by a traditional adding method, that is a method of adding reduction-oxidation graphene or graphene sheets. Reinforcement of a cooper-based material is achieved, and high-strength copper materials have a better application prospect on electronic devices.

A method of treating an offgas includes purifying the offgas to remove particulate matter, water, undesirable gaseous components and inert gases to produce a dried carbon oxide gas feedstock, and converting at least a portion of carbon oxides in the dried carbon oxide gas feedstock into solid carbon. In other embodiments, a method includes passing a dried carbon oxide gas feedstock through a multi-stage catalytic converter. A first stage is configured to catalyze methane-reforming reactions to convert methane into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen with residual methane. A second stage is configured to catalyze the Bosch reaction and convert carbon oxides and hydrogen to solid carbon and water.

A process for the endothermic gasification of solid carbon in an entrained bed facility comprises partial oxidation of fuel(s) and endothermic gasification of solid carbon, preferably preceded by low temperature carbonization such that the carbonization gas is passed to the partial oxidation and the carbonization coke is passed to the endothermic gasification. The hot gas streaming downwardly from the combustion chamber is deflected to produce separation of the liquid slag and is then passed to the endothermic gasification that operates with a rising gas stream and with addition of solid carbon having a grain diameter of up to 20 mm. The speed of the gas at the carbon inlet is higher than, and the speed of the gas at the end of the endothermic gasification is lower than, the suspension rate of the reactive carbon particles, to produce an increase of the relative speed difference between the gas and the carbon particles. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.

The invention provides a method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene with a combustion synthesis method. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) weighed magnesium powder, a solid carbon source and a nitrogen source are evenly mixed, mixed powder is obtained, and the mass ratio of the magnesium powder, the solid carbon source and the nitrogen source in the mixed power is (19.95-99):(40-79.95):(1-39.5); (2) the mixed powder obtained in Step (1) has a combustion synthesis reaction in a specific atmosphere, a reaction product is purified, and the nitrogen-doped graphene is obtained. With the adoption of the method, raw materials are wide in source, the prepared nitrogen-doped graphene is complete in sheet-like structure, good in dispersity in a solvent and large in effective specific surface area, and the nitrogen-doped graphene has the ferromagnetism through nitrogen doping.

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment and in particular relates to a solid carbon source as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The solid carbon source is obtained by uniformly mixing at least three substances rich in cellulose, pelletizing and firing. The solid carbon source is placed in an oxygen-poor tank to supply nutrient substances to microorganisms, sewage which is homogenized and averaged sequentially flows through a pre-denitrification tank, an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank and a sedimentation tank to be treated, total nitrogen content of discharged water is equal to or less than 10mg / L, and total phosphorus content is equal to or less than 0.5mg / L. The solid carbon source is made of multiple substances rich in cellulose, fibers of various substances can be easily penetrated and wound, after mixing and firing are carried out, a compact cellulose layer structure can be formed, so that release rate of the solid carbon source is greatly reduced, and a carbon source in the sewage can be stable and sufficient for a long time; besides, the solid carbon source is made of multiple substances, abundant nutrient substances can be supplied to the microorganisms, different functions requirements for metabolism can be met, and utilization ratio of the carbon source is increased.

The invention discloses a preparation method for monophosphate-adjuvant water-soluble fluorescent carbon quantum dot solid powder, which belongs to the technical field of nanometre materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: by taking soluble phosphate solution as an adjuvant, taking saccharides, amino acids and some low-molecular-weight organic matters containing hydroxyl and carboxyl as reaction precursors and adopting a microwave heating means, directly preparing solid carbon quantum dot powder in one step; and adding an appropriate amount of ethanol aqueous solution to precipitate and removing most of salts, then performing further purification by virtue of strong-base anion exchange resin and strong-acid cation exchange resin sequentially, centrifuging and then performing rotary evaporation on the supernatant, so as to obtain the purified carbon quantum dot solid powder. The carbon quantum dots prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention are good in solubility in water, and solid powder samples can be stored for a long time; meanwhile, the obtained carbon quantum dots further are also excellent in water solubility and fluorescence characteristic. The whole preparation process is simple to operate, requirements on equipment are low, and raw materials are low in cost, wide and easily available; the preparation method is an environment-friendly preparation method for carbon quantum dots.

Primary voltaic sources include nanofiber Schottky barrier arrays and a radioactive source including at least one radioactive element configured to emit radioactive particles. The arrays have a semiconductor component and a metallic component joined at a metal-semiconductor junction. The radioactive source is positioned proximate to the arrays such that at least a portion of the radioactive particles impinge on the arrays to produce a flow of electrons across the metal-semiconductor junction. Methods of producing voltaic sources include reacting at least one carbon oxide and a reducing agent in the presence of a substrate comprising a catalyst to form a solid carbon product over the substrate. Material is disposed over at least a portion of the solid carbon product to form a nanofiber Schottky barrier array. A radioactive source is disposed adjacent the nanofiber Schottky barrier array.

A method of thermal energy recovery from production of at least one solid carbon material comprises reacting at least one carbon oxide material and at least one gaseous reducing material at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 400° C., at a pressure greater than or equal to about 1×105 pascal, and in the presence of at least one catalyst material to produce at least one solid carbon material and a gaseous effluent stream comprising water vapor. Thermal energy is extracted from the gaseous effluent stream comprising water vapor. Other methods of generating recoverable thermal energy are disclosed, as is a solid carbon production system having thermal energy recovery.

The invention discloses a sludge pyrolysis carbonization technique and device. The technique comprises the following steps: sludge is pressed by a press, pulverized by a pulverizer, mixed by a mixer, dried in an internal heating rotary kiln drying machine, sent into a storage bin, and sent into a pyrolysis carbonization furnace; the sludge is subjected to pyrolysis carbonization in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace; the product solid carbon mixture is sent out of the system, and the products vapor and pyrolytic gas enter a separation purification tower to be separated and purified; the purified combustible gas is sent into a combustor and combusted into an internal heating rotary kiln drying machine delivery heat source, and the purified heavy components are sent into the mixture and mixed with the sludge to perform secondary pyrolysis; the flue gas generated by the heating furnace is discharged into a hot-blast furnace to perform secondary ablation; and the exhaust generated by the whole device is discharged by an outlet I of the internal heating rotary kiln drying machine, and is treated and discharged after reaching the standard. The device has the advantages of simple production technique, stable product state and no secondary pollution, and implements the reduction, harmless treatment and recycling of sludge treatment.

A process for decomposing a hydrocarbon-containing composition includes feeding the hydrocarbon-containing composition to a reactor containing a catalytically active molten metal or a catalytically active molten metal alloy, wherein the metal or alloy catalyzes a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon-containing composition into a hydrogen-rich gas phase and a solid carbon phase. The solid carbon phase is insoluble in the metal or alloy. The process may be a continuous process.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene. In the method, chemical vapour deposition is adopted. The method comprises the following two ways according to different carbon sources adopted in the preparation process: 1) iron catalyst is placed into an oxygen-free reactor, the temperature of the catalyst is increased to 750-1000 DEG C, then a gas carbon source is introduced into the reactor, and reaction is carried out, thus obtaining graphene; and 2) a solid carbon source is coated onto the surface of the iron catalyst or is placed on the iron catalyst and then is placed into the oxygen-free reactor, and reaction is carried out at the temperature of 750-1000 DEG C, thus obtaining graphene, wherein the iron catalyst can be a simple substance iron, iron alloy or iron compound. The method for preparing large-area high quality graphene on iron by utilizing chemical vapour deposition is easy to operate, is easy and feasible, and can be used for mass production; and the graphene prepared by the method has less defects compared with the graphene prepared by graphite oxidation.

A urban household garbage sorting and charring comprehensive treatment resource recovery method comprises the first step of garbage sorting treatment, wherein original household garbage is subjected to uniform feeding, manual large garbage sorting, coarse crushing, plate-frame pressure filtering, rolling cylinder screening, full-closed mechanical selecting by winnowing, plate-type magnetic separator treating, eddy current magnetic separator treating and fine crushing process treatment; the second step of garbage drying treatment; the third step of garbage charring treatment, wherein a rotary charring furnace is adopted, and garbage charring is carried out in a normal-pressure low-temperature and low-oxygen atmosphere so that solid carbon can be prepared; the fourth step of coke forming and cooling treatment; the fifth step of bad smell purifying treatment, wherein bad smell generated in a household garbage discharging warehouse and bad smell generated in all treatment process links are collected to a bad smell purifying system through a negative pressure induced draught system; and the sixth step of waste water purifying treatment. The urban household garbage sorting and charring comprehensive treatment resource recovery method is relatively high in automation degree, sorting efficiency and recovery utilization rate and has more sorting functions.

The invention relates to a cogged ingot continuous casting mold powder, belonging to the iron and steel smelting technical field. The mold powder comprises the following chemical components with the weight percent of 30-35 percent of SiO2, 25-30 percent of CaO, 2.5-3.5 percent of MgO, 1.5-2.5 percent of Fe2O3, 3.5-4.5 percent of Al2O3, 4.5-5.5 percent of NaF2+CaF2, 5.5-6.5 percent of Na2O+K2O, 11-14.5 percent of solid carbon, and the rest is binder used for pelleting and water. A preparation method of the mold powder is also provided by the invention. The mold powder is exclusively applied to the cogged ingot continuous casting mold powder, in particular to cogged ingot 27SiMn continuous casting mold. The zero defect production of continuous casting can be realized, the hot delivery and hot charging of the continuous casting can be guaranteed, the systematic energy consumption from the continuous casting to rolled products can be lowered, the production cycle from the continuous casting slab to the rolled products can be shortened, and the quality of steels can be ensured.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing graphene by using solid carbon source. The method comprises heating a substrate coated by solid carbon source in protection atmosphere, and then obtaining a metal substrate deposited with graphene by cooling down. The solid carbon source is selected from organic polymer, preferably from polymethyl methacrylate and / or polydimethylsiloxane, more preferably from polydimethylsiloxane. The method for preparing graphene provided by present invention does not use explosive gas and the production process is safe and credible. Meanwhile, the size of the graphene provided by present invention can be up to a size more than 1 centimeter; the graphene is superior in quality and has good transparence; and the thickness of the graphene can be controllable from monolayer to multilayer. The monoatomiclayer graphene can be easily obtained by the method.

The invention belongs to the technical field of a nanomaterial, and discloses novel carbon spheres. Each carbon sphere comprises an external sphere and an internal sphere, wherein the internal sphere is a solid carbon sphere; the external sphere adopts a porous carbon shell with a mesoporous structure; and a hollow cavity is formed between the external sphere and the internal sphere. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the carbon spheres; the preparation method comprises the steps of S1, taking formaldehyde and a poly-condensation monomer as raw materials, mixing the raw materials in deionized water and preparing formaldehyde poly-condensation resin microspheres under the effect of a catalyst; S2, adding the obtained formaldehyde resin microspheres into hydrochloric acid to be cured; S3, performing pre-oxidization treatment on the cured formaldehyde resin microspheres through heating; and S4, performing carbonization on the pre-oxidized formaldehyde resin microspheres to obtain the carbon spheres. The carbon spheres are creative in structure; the internal carbon spheres and the hollow cavities can be used for storing active material particles, so that battery capacity can be greatly increased; and the carbon spheres can be applied to the fields of catalysis, adsorption, pharmaceuticals and the like and has high application prospect.

Disclosed are methods for microwave-based recovery of hydrocarbons and other carbonaceous materials from solid carbon-containing compositions such as tires. Also disclosed are associated apparatuses.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a graphene film, comprising the steps of activating carbon atoms in carbon-containing gaseous carbon source, solid carbon source and liquid carbon source or a mixed carbon source material of any two or more than two of the carbon sources by adopting the technical methods of energy particles such as laser beam, electron beam, radio frequency beam, radial, photon, neutron beam, ion beam, plasma and the like; and forming the graphene film on a substrate. The method for producing the carbon atoms needed in the graphene film synthetizing is different from a conventional method and has the advantages that the method has great selectivity, and has no special requirement on the carbon source material and no special requirement on the substrate; the graphene film can be synthetized on the substrate which has the catalytic function and can be directly synthetized on the semiconductor or insulator substrate which does not have the catalytic function; and the formed graphene film is easily controlled in the aspects of the number of layers, structure and size and suitable for manufacturing high-performance photoelectronic devices on a large scale.

The invention discloses a cathode-supported direct carbon fuel cell, which comprises a fuel bin, an anode side collector layer, an anode layer, an electrolyte layer, a cathode active layer, a cathode-supporting layer, a cathode side collector layer, a carbon fuel layer, a porous ceramic layer, a carbon fuel input tube, a carrier gas intake tube, a carrier gas output tube and an oxygen or air intake tube, a cell is arranged in the fuel bin, the anode side collector layer, the anode layer, the electrolyte layer, the cathode active layer, the cathode-supporting layer and the cathode side collector layer are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and moreover, the anode side collector layer, the carbon fuel layer and the porous ceramic layer are superposed in the fuel bin sequentially from the top down. Since the cell is a cathode-supported cell which directly utilizes solid carbon as fuel and the outside of the cell is provided with the fuel input tube, the cell has the advantages of simple structure, high energy efficiency, environment-friendliness, no leakage, corrosion and explosion dangers and the like, can realize the continuous feeding of fuel and the diversity of the fuel electrode, and is convenient and easy to operate.

The invention provides a device and a method for treatment of low-temperature and low-carbon ammonia nitrogen wastewater on the basis of solid-phase denitrification and heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. The device comprises a reactor and a reflux system, wherein the upper part and lower part of the reactor are respectively provided with a fluidized bed aerobic zone and a filterpool anoxic zone which are filled with a solid carbon source filling material and separated by a porous water distribution plate; an aeration tube is arranged on the water distribution plate and connected with an aeration device through a gas flowmeter; the lower end of the reactor is provided with a water inlet; the upper end of the reactor is provided with a water outlet; an effluent of the reactor enters a secondary sedimentation tank, and an effluent of the secondary sedimentation tank enters an intermediate water storage tank through an overflowing opening; the upstream end of the refluxsystem communicates with an effluent of the intermediate water storage tank; the downstream end of the reflux system communicates with the reflux opening of the lower end of the reactor through a liquid flowmeter; and the interior of the fluidized bed aerobic zone is provided with a dissolved oxygen monitor and a nitrate concentration monitor. The device and the method provided by the invention can still realize highly-efficient removal of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen under the conditions of low temperature and low carbon.