311 results about "Solid carbon" patented technology

The invention discloses rapid denitrification composite carbon source particles as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The rapid denitrification composite carbon source particle is prepared from raw materials including a slow-release skeleton, a carbon source and an optional functional modified material. The invention integrates the advantages of two solid carbon sources (natural carbon source and artificially synthesized carbon source), and develops novel composite carbon source particles with excellent performance and high cost effectiveness by designing and regulating the formula, proportion and structure. The prepared rapid denitrification composite carbon source particles can ensure that microorganisms have stable carbon source supply in the whole denitrification process, and the denitrification efficiency reduction caused by discontinuous or non-uniform carbon source supply is avoided. The rapid denitrification composite carbon source particles prepared by the invention also have the characteristics of easy biofilm formation, easy fluidization, stable carbon release, lasting carbon supply, relatively high mechanical strength, low cost, wide application range, difficulty in breaking, long service cycle and large specific surface area, and can be well applied to a biological sewage treatment system as a microbial carrier.

The invention discloses a device for preparing a molten carbon fertilizer through solid waste microwave pyrolysis and waste heat recovery, and belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and recycling. The device is composed of a pretreatment unit, a microwave pyrolysis unit, a gas-solid separation unit, a gas phase treatment unit, a solid phase treatment unit and a waste heat circulation unit, solid waste enters a microwave rotary kiln after being dried and crushed, a magnetron generates microwave anaerobic pyrolysis under photovoltaic power supply, and a high-temperature gas-solid product is generated; the cyclone separator is used for separating flue gas from solid carbon, the flue gas is condensed to obtain pyrolytic oil and gas, and waste heat of medium-temperature flue gas is recovered through the heat accumulating type heat exchanger for drying; cooling the solid carbon through a heat pipe heat exchanger, recovering waste heat and liquefying urea, and mixing the solid carbon and the urea in a stirring melting pool to prepare a molten carbon fertilizer; and the waste heat backflow fan sends the carbon waste heat back to the drying chamber. The system is driven by green electricity, gas and solid phase waste heat is recovered through double paths, solid waste efficient pyrolysis-product high value-energy self-circulation is achieved, and energy consumption and carbon emission are reduced.

A reactor including a vertically oriented vessel with a gas inlet port, a distributor, a feedstock port, and a microwave generator. The reactor is designed to process a carbon feedstock to produce hydrogen gas and a hydrogen deficient carbon product, utilizing a fluidized bed provided with microwave energy. Also disclosed are methods of converting a carbon feedstock, particularly a solid carbon feedstock, into hydrogen gas and a hydrogen deficient carbon product, preferably including carbon nanotubes.

The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of chromite, and particularly relates to a method for producing high-carbon ferrochrome through chromite pellet prereduction-electric furnace smelting. According to the method, a reduction method that a reducing agent and chromite pellets are fed into a kiln separately is adopted, chromite oxidized pellets are prepared firstly and then reduced through a rotary kiln solid carbon reducing agent, and the obtained pre-reduced pellets are subjected to electric furnace smelting with a calcium flux and a magnesium flux as slagging fluxes to prepare the high-carbon ferro-chrome. The problem that according to an existing method, the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets and the adverse effect on electric furnace smelting caused by unstable carbon residues are solved, the production stability of the electric furnace can be improved, and meanwhile the electric furnace smelting temperature can be increased. The method is simple, controllable, low in energy consumption, high in efficiency, high in stability, low in production cost and convenient for industrial application.

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a carbon sequestration concrete solid brick prepared from coal-based solid waste and a preparation method of the carbon sequestration concrete solid brick. The carbon sequestration concrete solid brick is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of fly ash, 65 to 75 parts of furnace bottom slag and 5 parts of cement, wherein the fly ash is secondary ash, the particle size of the furnace bottom slag is smaller than or equal to 4.75 mm, and the mark number of the cement is P.O 42.5. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, enabling carbon dioxide to react with alkaline components such as dicalcium silicate in the fly ash to form carbonate so as to realize effective carbon sequestration; and then through secondary mineralization maintenance, carbon dioxide, active components such as calcium and magnesium in the cement and dicalcium silicate which is not completely reacted in the fly ash are subjected to carbonation reaction, so that a product layer filling effect is realized. According to the invention, the building material with good carbon sequestration performance and excellent mechanical properties is prepared by utilizing industrial solid waste and carbon dioxide, so that energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, meanwhile, greenhouse gas emission is reduced, and the performance of the building solid waste brick is enhanced.

The present invention proposes a water treatment system that couples anoxic biofilters with artificial wetlands, belonging to the field of water treatment technology. The key technical points are: sewage is collected through a pipe network and flows into a water collection pool, and then enters a regulating / anoxic pool through a lift pump. The solid carbon source in the pool provides a carrier for microorganisms while achieving slow-release supplementation of the carbon source, thereby strengthening the denitrification reaction to remove total nitrogen. The system is then transported to a biofilter and a contact oxidation pool by a lift pump, and COD and ammonia nitrogen are removed through carbon oxidation and nitrification reactions. The effluent enters a high-efficiency clarifier, and after most of the total phosphorus and SS are removed through chemical phosphorus removal and coagulation and sedimentation, the overflow enters an artificial wetland, and is subjected to a comprehensive treatment of plant-microorganism-filler to deeply purify the pollutants and meet the discharge standards. Using the water treatment method of the present application, the effluent water quality can be improved to the Class B emission standard.

Method for softening produced oilfield brine for enhanced oil recovery, the method including dissolving gaseous carbon dioxide and a base in a produced oilfield brine that includes divalent ions to yield solid carbonates, filtering the solid carbonates to yield a softened water, and injecting the softened water into a subterranean formation.

A process includes receiving, in an unheated coke drum, a feedstock comprising a solid carbon-based material, heating the unheated coke drum and the feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material to a first temperature to form a heated feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material in a semi-solid state or a melted state in a heated coke drum, and processing the heated feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material in the semi-solid state or the melted state in the heated coke drum with a heated petroleum residue-containing feedstock at a second temperature and under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the heated feedstock comprising the solid carbon-based material in the semi-solid state or the melted state to a product stream including a gas phase including hydrocarbons and hydrogen, and coke.

An apparatus for extracting and utilizing noble gases from carbonate rock includes a container body. A gas-solid separation assembly defines filter pores, and a diameter of each filter pore is micrometer-scale. A mechanical crushing assembly is disposed at a bottom of the gas-solid separation assembly, and is configured to crush a carbonate-rock sample until particles each have a size on the order of micrometers or larger. The gas-solid separation assembly is elastic. The particle deposition device is disposed inside a crushing chamber. The particle deposition device includes connecting ropes and spheres. The connecting ropes are fixed to an inner wall of the crushing chamber, and the spheres are fixed to the connecting ropes. This apparatus not only avoids the generation of large quantities of impurity components, but also separates solid carbonate-rock sample particles from the noble gases, enabling effective extraction of the noble gases from the carbonate-rock sample for utilization.

To provide a treatment method capable of efficiently decomposing rubber in a short time and effectively utilizing the rubber, in particular, to provide a treatment method capable of efficiently producing hydrogen gas and solid carbon from a raw material containing the rubber in a short time, and to provide a mixture suitably used for producing the hydrogen gas and the solid carbon.SOLUTION: A treatment method of the present invention includes a hydrogen-carbon production step of irradiating a mixture of a raw material containing rubber and a catalyst containing an iron-based catalyst with microwaves to selectively heat and activate the iron-based catalyst, and decomposing the rubber in the presence of the iron-based catalyst to produce hydrogen gas and solid carbon.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The present invention provides a method for producing a sintered ore, with which it is possible to improve granulation properties of a sintering starting material even in cases where PKS charcoal is mixed with the sintering starting material in order to reduce the discharge amount of carbon dioxide, and ore concentrate is mixed with the sintering starting material in order to increase the total Fe amount.　The method for producing a sintered ore comprises: a starting material blending step (step S101) for blending and granulating an iron starting material and a solid carbonaceous material that contains a first carbonaceous material and a second carbonaceous material so as to produce a sintering starting material; a starting material layer formation step (step S102) for supplying the sintering starting material onto a pallet of a sintering machine so as to form a starting material layer; and a sintering step (step S103) for igniting and firing the upper surface of the starting material layer so as to produce a sintered ore. In the starting material blending step (step S101), palm shell charcoal is blended as the first carbonaceous material, and a carbonaceous material derived from a fossil fuel is blended as the second carbonaceous material. The arithmetic average particle diameter of the palm shell charcoal is smaller than the arithmetic average particle diameter of the second carbonaceous material.

The disclosure presents an integrated system consisting of a wastewater production unit, e-methane reactor, an electrolyzer for producing hydrogen, a cryogenic separation unit and an ammonia production unit, where e-methane is produced by reaction of carbon dioxide obtained from direct air capture / biogenic CO2 / captured industrial CO2 emissions / oxidized solid carbon, and from CO2 separated from biogas obtained from wastewater treatment, and hydrogen gas from electrolysis of water. The hydrogen gas is also reacted with nitrogen obtained from the cryogenic unit for the synthesis of ammonia, where heat from ammonia synthesis is transferred to e-methane reactor for energy efficiency. By integrating these units and reactors, the disclosure provides a system for efficient use of energy and by-products.

The invention discloses a boron-doped porous silicon-carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, silicon dioxide, a solid carbon source and boron-containing particles are subjected to high-energy ball milling, and a mixed product A is obtained; s2, mechanically mixing the mixed product A with magnesium powder to obtain a mixed product B; s3, putting the mixed product B into a reactor, roasting for 6-9 hours at 600-1000 DEG C under an inert condition, and naturally cooling to obtain a mixed product C; and S4, sequentially carrying out acid pickling on the mixture C in dilute acid and hydrofluoric acid, then cleaning with pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out centrifugal drying to obtain the boron-doped porous silicon-carbon composite material. The method is simple in process and low in raw material cost, and the prepared boron-doped porous silicon-carbon composite material is high in conductivity and good in cycling stability.

A reactor including a vertically oriented vessel with a gas inlet port, a distributor, a feedstock port, and a microwave generator. The reactor is designed to process a carbon feedstock to produce hydrogen gas and a hydrogen deficient carbon product, utilizing a fluidized bed provided with microwave energy. Also disclosed are methods of converting a carbon feedstock, particularly a solid carbon feedstock, into hydrogen gas and a hydrogen deficient carbon product, preferably including carbon nanotubes.

This invention provides a method for low-temperature reduction roasting pretreatment of chromite pellets under a CH4-containing reducing atmosphere, belonging to the field of metallurgical technology. The method includes the following steps: mixing chromite powder, binder, and water to form pellets, obtaining green chromite pellets; mixing CH4 and a reducing gas to obtain a CH4-containing reducing atmosphere, wherein the reducing gas includes H2 and / or CO; and reducing roasting the green chromite pellets in the CH4-containing reducing atmosphere. This invention introduces CH4 gas into the reducing atmosphere, without using solid carbon. CH4 can decompose and release carbon at relatively low temperatures, which is beneficial for the smooth operation of common industrial equipment. The released carbon has high activity and can effectively dissociate the spinel phase in chromite, and rapidly achieve effective reduction of Fe and Cr oxides therein, obtaining chromite pellets with a certain degree of pre-reduction of metallic iron and chromium and a certain strength.

A method for storing solid carbon and / or carbon dioxide is disclosed.

This invention provides a catalytic medium, apparatus, and method for preparing graphene. The catalytic medium comprises a first metal element (magnesium), a second metal element, and a halide salt. The apparatus includes a reaction system, a gas dispersion and treatment system, a solid carbon collection system, and a gas recovery system. The reaction system includes a first reactor and a second reactor. The gas dispersion and treatment system includes a first aeration device, a second aeration device, a first rotary stirrer, and a second rotary stirrer. The solid carbon collection system includes a first cyclone separator, a second cyclone separator, and a carbon material collection chamber. The graphene preparation method of this invention enables high-quality, low-cost mass production of graphene, extends the service life of the catalytic medium, and achieves high activity, long cycle time, and stable operation. This method utilizes CO2 resources, is environmentally friendly, low-cost, and significantly improves the feed gas conversion rate and graphene quality.

The invention belongs to the field of biogas treatment, and relates to plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for removing carbon dioxide in biogas. The preparation method of the plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon comprises the following steps: mixing PET plastic pyrolytic carbon with urea, carrying out high-temperature nitrogen-doped reaction on the obtained urea-carbon black mixture under the protection of inert gas, cooling, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped carbon material with potassium hydroxide, and drying to obtain the plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon. And grinding the obtained modified nitrogen-doped carbon material, and performing high-temperature activation treatment under the protection of inert gas to obtain the plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon. The preparation method is characterized in that solid carbon obtained after pyrolysis of PET plastic is taken as a raw material, urea is taken as a nitrogen source, and potassium hydroxide is adopted for pore forming, so that the obtained plastic-based nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon has relatively high CO2 adsorption capacity, CO2 in biogas can be removed at room temperature, the influence of repeated use of the porous activated carbon on the adsorption effect of CO2 is relatively small, and the adsorption efficiency is relatively high. The cycle performance is excellent.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly discloses a system and method for preparing magnesium metal through vacuum carbon thermal reduction.The system comprises a reactor cavity, a vacuumizing module and a temperature regulation and control module, a reaction area and a first condenser are arranged in the reactor cavity, and the reaction area is used for generating high-temperature mixed gas containing CO gas and magnesium steam; the first condenser is detachably mounted at the downstream of a high-temperature mixed gas containing CO gas and magnesium steam generated in the reaction zone, and the first condenser is used for generating solid magnesium containing solid carbon and solid magnesium oxide impurities; a high-temperature reaction melt is arranged in the reaction area and is used for receiving solid carbon and solid magnesium oxide from the first condenser; the vacuumizing module is used for vacuumizing the reactor cavity, and the temperature regulation and control module is used for detecting and controlling the temperature of each part in the reactor cavity. By adopting the technical scheme, the yield of metal magnesium is improved through the cavity structure of the reactor.

The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of graphene composite powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a mixed material of powder and a solid carbon source into a reaction cavity; vacuumizing the interior of the reaction cavity, and then filling inert gas to normal pressure; treating the mixed material in the reaction cavity by adopting an acoustic resonance process, and setting sound wave frequency, acceleration, treatment time and material temperature; and collecting products, and cleaning and separating powder. A mixed material in a reaction cavity is treated by adopting an acoustic resonance process, direct contact friction between a grinding material and powder is avoided through acoustic resonance mixing, the risk that impurities are introduced due to mechanical abrasion is reduced, and the problems that the cost is high and the compounding efficiency is low when graphene powder is prepared through a conventional vapor deposition method are solved; the acoustic streaming effect generated by resonance can permeate into the powder aggregate, the aggregate structure is effectively disassembled and is not influenced by different material densities, powder particles with different particle sizes and different components are promoted to be uniformly dispersed and interacted, and the shape of the original powder is not changed.

The present invention relates to a multistage process and to a system for producing synthesis gas from carbonaceous solids and slurries. The process comprises the pyrolysing of the carbonaceous solids and slurries with exclusion of air to form a solid carbon carrier carbonizate and a pyrolysis gas; the oxidizing of the separated pyrolysis gas with incoming oxygen, and the contacting of the carbon carrier carbonizate with the oxidized pyrolysis gas.

[Problem] To produce hydrogen while avoiding the discharge of carbon dioxide by a simple constitution without depending on fossil fuels. [Solution] A hydrogen production system 1 comprises: a biogas generation device 2 that generates a biogas which contains first methane and carbon dioxide from biomass; a hydrogenation device 3 that generates second methane by hydrogenation of the carbon dioxide contained in the biogas, thereby generating a hydrogenated gas containing the first and second methane; a thermal decomposition device 5 that generates hydrogen and solid carbon by direct decomposition of the first and second methane; and a generated hydrogen supply line L3 that is connected to the hydrogenation device 3 and is for supplying some of the hydrogen generated by the thermal decomposition device 5 to the hydrogenation device 3. In a normal operation state, the hydrogenation device 3 generates the second methane using only the hydrogen supplied from the generated hydrogen supply line L3.

A pyrolysis system for conducting a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reaction and related systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the pyrolysis system includes a combustion component, a reaction chamber thermally coupled to the combustion component, and a recycling component fluidly coupled to an output of the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber can be couplable to a supply of pyrolysis feedstock. The thermal coupling allows the reaction chamber to transfer heat from the combustion component to the pyrolysis feedstock to generate a product stream that includes hydrogen gas and solid carbon. The recycling component receives the product stream and can direct a portion of the product stream into the combustion component. In some embodiments, the pyrolysis system includes a controller configured to adjust various operational parameters of the pyrolysis system based on various goals for combustion fuel consumption, hydrogen gas output, energy consumption, reactor efficiency, and / or the like.

Methods are described for performing microwave-driven pyrolysis reactions. The reactions utilize a catalyst comprising a microwave susceptor, silicon carbide. Exemplary microwave-driven pyrolysis reactions described include methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and solid carbon nanostructured products, such as graphene. Hydrogen can be produced from microwave-driven methane pyrolysis as described herein with improved conversion and stability and significantly higher energy efficiency than a thermally-driven pyrolysis reaction.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a tantalum carbide coating by using chemical vapor deposition, which is characterized in that aerosol containing a tantalum source and a carbon source is used as a raw material for chemical vapor deposition to form the tantalum carbide coating, and the aerosol containing the tantalum source and the carbon source contains a gaseous tantalum source and a solid carbon source dispersed in the gaseous tantalum source. According to the method, the aerosol containing the tantalum source and the carbon source is used as a raw material, the solid carbon source is uniformly dispersed in the gaseous tantalum source, the special precursor state increases the activity and dispersity of reactants, the reaction is easier to carry out on the molecular level, and compared with a traditional vapor deposition precursor, the reaction rate and the deposition efficiency can be improved; the preparation method has the advantages that the preparation method is simple, the reaction temperature requirement can be lowered, energy can be saved while stable quality of the tantalum carbide coating is ensured, loss of a heating element is reduced, the preparation method is low in energy consumption, high in deposition efficiency, stable and controllable in coating quality and the like, the high-quality tantalum carbide coating can be rapidly prepared, and industrial production is facilitated.

Sublimation furnace (200) for the formation of silicon carbide, comprising a furnace jacket (201), at least one heating element (202) arranged outside the furnace jacket (201), and a hot zone (203) arranged inside the furnace jacket (201) surrounded by insulation (204), wherein the hot zone (203) comprises: a) a crucible (210) having an upper region (220) and a lower region (240); b) a crucible cover (215) that tightly seals the crucible (210); c) a solid silicon carbide precursor arranged in the lower region (240) of the crucible (210), and d) a seed crystal module arranged in the upper region (220) of the crucible (210), the seed crystal module comprising: (1) a silicon carbide seed crystal (100) having an upper surface (150) and a lower surface (160), wherein the upper surface (150) is exposed to the upper region (220) of the crucible (210), and the lower surface (160) is facing the solid silicon carbide precursor and the lower region (240) of the crucible (210), and (2) a seed crystal holder (120) having an upper section and a lower section holding the seed crystal (100) between them, the seed crystal holder (120) comprising a plurality of vapor release openings (130) formed around a central axis (215) of the seed crystal holder (120); and e) a vapor release ring (280) arranged above the upper section of the seed crystal holder (120), the vapor release ring (280) having one or more holes (270) aligned with one or more vent holes (260) formed in the crucible (210), wherein the plurality of vapor release openings (130) of the seed crystal holder (120), the one or more holes (270) of the vapor release ring (280), and the one or more vent holes (260) of the crucible (210) together form a path for vapors to escape from the crucible (210).

A carbonized solid agglomerate for use in a blast furnace, comprising in its composition: at least one source of carbon (10); at least one source of calcium (11); and at least one binder (12); wherein, after mechanical shaping (200) of the solid agglomerate, the agglomerate is subjected to a pyrolyzing step (400) at a temperature greater than or equal to 600° C. and less than 800° C.; wherein the solid agglomerate comprises 25 to 35% by mass of the at least one source of calcium (11). A method for manufacturing the proposed solid agglomerate.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a large amount of hydrogen and high-quality solid carbon by controlling carbon characteristics and efficiently decomposing methane into hydrogen and solid carbon by means of plasma, by supplying methane bidirectionally, specifically in mutually opposing directions, rather than in a single direction under the same energy density. The present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen and solid carbon by means of plasma, comprising the steps of: a) supplying a plasma-forming gas to a triple torch-type plasma jet device to generate a plasma jet; b) supplying methane gas to the plasma jet and thermally decomposing the methane gas to produce hydrogen and solid carbon; and c) filtering the solid carbon.

The application provides a kind of integrated energy system optimization scheduling method based on multi-energy coupling, including the system model of renewable energy, electrolytic cell, methanation equipment, oxygen-enriched combustion heat and power cogeneration unit, carbon capture device, electrolytic molten salt device, ammonia production equipment, thermal power unit and grid-connected interface;Establish the circulation relationship of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and ammonia: electrolytic cell uses renewable surplus power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and oxygen is supplied to oxygen-enriched combustion unit for combustion support;Carbon capture device captures CO2 from the unit and distributes it to methanation equipment and electrolytic molten salt device;Methanation equipment uses hydrogen and CO2 to produce methane for unit fuel;Electrolytic molten salt device decomposes CO2 into solid carbon and oxygen, and oxygen is recycled to the unit;Ammonia production equipment uses hydrogen to produce ammonia, and ammonia is sent to thermal power unit for blending combustion;Establish a carbon quota and emission calculation model containing units, thermal power and purchased power;Build a low-carbon scheduling model with the minimum total operating cost as the target, and solve the optimal output plan of each unit.

The application discloses a carbon-based resource hierarchical multi-element conversion system and method, a plasma hydrogen radical catalysis module is used for receiving hydrogen gas discharged by an electrolytic water module and is used for catalytically generating plasma hydrogen radicals from the hydrogen gas; a pyrolyzer is used for performing a hydrogenation pyrolysis reaction on solid carbon-based resources and the plasma hydrogen radicals to generate gaseous products and solid products; a plasma thermal cracking gasification module is used for converting the solid products discharged from a second outlet end into H2 / CO synthesis gas; a multi-phase product fine separation module is in communication with the first outlet end and is used for separating the gaseous products discharged from the first outlet end into gaseous phase products and liquid phase products; and a renewable energy power generation module is used for supplying power to the electrolytic water module, the plasma hydrogen radical catalysis module and the plasma thermal cracking gasification module. The application introduces hydrogen radicals into a pyrolysis reaction, significantly improves tar yield and quality, and simultaneously replaces a conventional gasification heat supply path with plasma to efficiently convert semicoke.