82 results about "Direct carbon fuel cell" patented technology

The invention discloses a fluid bed electrode direct carbon fuel cell device, which belongs to the technical field of clean energy. The device comprises a fluid bed, two or more tubular single cells, collector plates, a composite carbon fuel, a gas circulating device, a screw feeder and a fuel tank. In the device, a conductor catalyst is added into a solid carbon fuel on the basis of a solid oxide direct carbon fuel cell to expand a direct electrochemical reaction interface of carbon from a two dimension to a three dimension and promote the gasification reaction of the carbon, thereby improving the performance of the cell; the collector plates are distributed on the wall surface of a reactor, so current is convenient to collect; and simultaneously, a fluid bed reactor forms a fluid bed electrode to further enhance heat transfer and mass transfer in the electrode, so not only problems about feeding are solved, but also the performance of the solid oxide direct carbon fuel cell is further improved.

A natural gas fueled, direct carbon fuel cell produces electricity and hydrogen. It adds to an existing direct carbon fuel cell a carbon dioxide injection port to the cathode compartment; a natural gas feed port to the anode compartment, a hydrogen extraction port from the anode compartment, and a carbon dioxide extraction port from the anode compartment. To improve hydrogen generation efficiency, the anode compartment may have a louvered baffle dividing the anode compartment into an ante-chamber and a main chamber. The louvered baffle preferably has an upper section with slats angled from bottom to top and a lower section with slats angled from top to bottom. A heat exchanger is preferably included to pre-heat natural gas feed from hot hydrogen effluent. A second heat exchanger is preferably included to pre-heat oxygen-containing gas with hot nitrogen and carbon dioxide effluents.

The invention relates to solid electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell. In the invention, tube-type batteries serve as the electrochemical reaction device, the inner layer of the batteries is anode, the intermediate layer is the electrolyte and the outer layer is cathode, carbon fuel is filled in the tube-type batteries. The carbon fuel cell of the invention features high energy efficiency, sound environmental protection property, a theoretic efficiency being 2-3 times of the generating efficiency of the existing coal power plants, reduction of discharge of greenhouse gas CO2, no generation of acidic gases such as nitrogen oxide and sulfide, no possible danger of liquid leakage and gas explosion and fine electrochemistry property.

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a generating and energy storage integrated device based on direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs) with a liquid metal positive electrode. The generating and energy storage integrated device comprises a metal molten pool, the liquid metal positive electrode, the tubular solid oxide direct carbon fuel cells (SO-DCFCs) and a fluidization air distributing feeding system, wherein the tubular SO-DCFCs can be blind pipes and through pipes and can be inserted into the metal molten pool vertically or horizontally; the feeding system carries a fuel and a positive electrode material into the metal molten pool by virtue of carrier gas, and substances in the molten pool are stirred. The generating and energy storage integrated device provided by the invention has the advantages that chemical energy in the fuel and surplus electric energy in an power grid are changed into chemical energy in the liquid metal positive electrode to be stored, and the integration of a generating device and an energy storage device is realized; the integrated device is simple and compact, the reactivity of the carbon fuel and the metal positive electrode is high, the property of the cell is good, the friction of the cell caused by liquid state positive electrode fluidization is small, the service life of the cell is long, the seal is easy, the collection is convenient, and a large-scale electric pile is convenient to form.

The invention discloses a cathode-supported direct carbon fuel cell, which comprises a fuel bin, an anode side collector layer, an anode layer, an electrolyte layer, a cathode active layer, a cathode-supporting layer, a cathode side collector layer, a carbon fuel layer, a porous ceramic layer, a carbon fuel input tube, a carrier gas intake tube, a carrier gas output tube and an oxygen or air intake tube, a cell is arranged in the fuel bin, the anode side collector layer, the anode layer, the electrolyte layer, the cathode active layer, the cathode-supporting layer and the cathode side collector layer are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and moreover, the anode side collector layer, the carbon fuel layer and the porous ceramic layer are superposed in the fuel bin sequentially from the top down. Since the cell is a cathode-supported cell which directly utilizes solid carbon as fuel and the outside of the cell is provided with the fuel input tube, the cell has the advantages of simple structure, high energy efficiency, environment-friendliness, no leakage, corrosion and explosion dangers and the like, can realize the continuous feeding of fuel and the diversity of the fuel electrode, and is convenient and easy to operate.

An anode in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) is provided. The anode includes a cermet anode that can be made of nickel-copper/yttria-stabilized zirconia oxide (Ni—Cu/YSZ) or nickel-copper/gadolina-doped ceria (Ni—Cu/GDC). The surface of the cermet anode is functionalized by decorating it with dispersed catalytic particles. The particles can be made of various materials such as ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), osmium, (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), or any combination of the particles' alloys and mixtures. Decorating is a process where discrete particles are deposited to the anode surface. In general the particles are not able to contact each other and have a well-defined separation. The cermet anode has a graded porous microstructure spanning from a macropore outer region to a submicron inner region, where the pore span is from tens of microns to hundreds of nanometers.

The invention provides a direct carbon fuel battery reaction device, belonging to the field of direct carbon fuel battery technique. An upper base (1) of the reaction device is coaxially arranged into a water cooling sleeve (2); the connection of the upper base and the water cooling sleeve is welded and sealed to form a water cooling chamber; an anode current collecting Pt net (12) is used for collecting current from the anode of a button-typed solid oxide fuel battery (16); two ends of an anode current collecting Pt wire (15) are respectively used as an reference electrode and a testing electrode; the temperature measuring point of a temperature measuring thermal-couple (17) and the button-typed solid oxide fuel battery (16) keep in the same height; the bottom of an anode chamber pipe (6) is inserted into the upper hole of a lower base (43); the lower surface of a quartz sand sintering plate (42) is provided with a carbon fuel thermal-couple (56); all pipes and sealing heads (46) are hermetically connected with each other. The direct carbon fuel battery reaction device of the invention solves the problem of water adding of anode chamber and the arranging of carbon fuel, realizes that the temperatures required by the running of fuel battery and the reacting of the carbon fuel are respectively controlled, avoids complex disassembly/assembly process and personnel scald, prevents the sealing invalidity and reduces the cost.

The invention discloses a two-electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell and an assembling method thereof, which relate to the technical field of fuel cells. The two-electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell comprises an anode part, a cathode part, and a carbonate layer and a solid oxide layer which are positioned between the anode part and the cathode layer and serve as two electrolytes, wherein the anode part comprises a carbon substrate layer and a porous anode plate; the cathode part is a porous cathode plate; the solid oxide layer is positioned between the porous anode plate and the porous cathode plate; and the carbonate layer is positioned between the solid oxide layer and the porous anode plate. The two-electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell and the assembling method thereof realize a device using the solid oxide layer and the molten carbonate layer at the same time in the same DCFC battery and increase the area of an anode reaction, and simultaneously, the anode carbon substrate layer can be supplied continuously.

The invention relates to a direct carbon fuel cell device with liquid metal tin serving as an anode. A cover is arranged at the top of a cylindrical container externally wrapped by a heating ring, a cell monomer is arranged on a heat conducting gasket which is arranged at the inner bottom of the cylindrical container, a channel for cathode gas to flow through is reserved to enable the cathode gas to contact with a cathode through pore passages on ceramic, and the cylindrical container is partitioned into a cathode area and an anode area by a sealing washer. The cathode area is arranged on the lower portion of the cylindrical container, the cathode gas is led in by a gas pump via a cathode gas inlet guide tube, and cathode tail gas is led out through a cathode gas outlet guide tube. The anode area is arranged on the upper portion of the cylindrical container, and anode carrier gas is led in through an anode gas inlet tube and led out through an anode gas outlet tube. The direct carbon fuel cell device has the advantages that anode mass transfer performance is improved by using the liquid metal tin as the anode instead of an existing anode structure consisting of carbon-containing fuel mixture and a current collector; and further, study and development on high-power direct carbon fuel cell stacks can be conducted on basis of the novel structure.

The rare earth oxide composite cathode material for direct carbon fuel battery comprises following ingredients as mole percent content: 50-90% Ni, 1-18% Gd2O3, 1-20% CeO2, 0.5-7% La2O3, 1-7% Nd2O3, 0.5-7% Yb2O3, 1-4% ZrO2, and 1-4% MgO. This invention can increase the power density and current density of fuel battery, and reduces battery working temperature.

The invention discloses a method for improving the performance of a direct carbon fuel cell of solid oxide, belonging to the technical field of clean energy. On the basis of the direct carbon fuel cell of the solid oxide, a metal salt is added into the solid carbon fuel to serve as a catalyst; the solid carbon added with the metal salt serves as a fuel and is put in the anode cavity of the direct carbon fuel cell; meanwhile, an anode carrier gas is introduced in to keep the anode reaction atmosphere; air or oxygen is introduced into the cathode to serve as an oxidant; and the working temperature range of the cell is 600-1000DEG C. On the basis of the prior art, the reaction activity of the solid carbon fuel is further improved by the method, the cell working temperature is lowered, and the cell performance is improved.

The invention provides a test method and device for half cell of fluid bed electrode direct carbon fuel cell. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging a current collector and the mixture of carbon fuel and catalyst granules in a half cell; secondly, fixing a porous plate in a preset position, and sequentially adding an auxiliary electrode, a reference electrode and carbonate; then, introducing nitrogen gas into the half cell, heating the nitrogen gas to a preset reaction temperature, regulating the flow of the nitrogen gas, and introducing oxygen gas and carbon dioxide into the reference electrode to balance the gas; and finally, connecting to an external circuit to start experiment. The device for realizing the testing method is a half-cell reaction device and comprises a half-cell reactor and a gas preheater, two electric heating devices are respectively used for carrying out temperature control on the half-cell reactor and the gas preheater, and a rotatable support structure is used for supporting and fixing the half-cell reaction device and the electric heating devices and realizing the dumpage of molten carbonate in the half cell. By making full use of theadvantages of the fluid bed electrode and the direct carbon fuel cell, the performance of the cell can be improved.

The invention relates to a direct carbon fuel cell anode with dual electric catalytic functions, and belongs to the technical field of clean energy. The anode material is prepared by compounding nanoparticle as a conductive phase on the inner and outer parts of transition element-codoped CeO2 as a catalytic active phase of the anode and a porous framework. The prepared anode material has dual electrocatalysis effects on carbon fuel, can be used as an excellent ion conductor, transfers O<2-> generated by a cathode to the electrode surface and increases the electrode reaction active sites; the anode material can be applied to electrochemical oxidation of an intermediate catalytic carbon; and the power output of the cell is improved. The anode material disclosed by the invention is assembled into a direct carbon fuel cell for power generation, so that the three-phase interface length is prolonged; the fuel gasification reaction rate is improved; corrosion of molten carbonate to an electrolyte is avoided; and the lifetime of the cell is prolonged.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates generally to a method for replacing at least one direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) tube of a plurality of DCFC tubes in a fuel cell on-line. In one embodiment, the method includes detecting a degradation in performance of the at least one DCFC tube, removing the at least one DCFC tube while the fuel cell is still operating and providing a replacement DCFC tube while the fuel cell is still operating.

An anode in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) operating in a temperature range between 500 and 1200 degrees Celsius is provided. The anode material has high catalytic activity and selectivity for carbon oxidation, sufficient oxygen non-stoichiometry, rapid oxygen chemical diffusion, wide thermodynamic stability window to withstand reducing environment, sufficient electronic conductivity and tolerance to sulfur and CO₂ environments. The anode has doped ruthenate compositions A_1−xA′_xRuO₃, AB_1−yRu_yO₃, or A_1−xA′_xB_1−yRu_yO₃. A and A′ may be divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation, and B is a multivalent cation. A is among lanthanide series elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er or Yb, and dopant A′ is from Group IIA, IIIB, or IVB elements. The doped ruthenates can also be a (AB_1−yRu_yO₃) structure or an ordered Ruddlesden-Popper series ((A_1−xA_x′)_n+1(B_1−yRu_y)_nO_3n+1) structure where n=1 or 2. The dopant B is among Group IVB, VB, VIB, VIII, IB, and IIB elements.

A direct carbon fuel cell having an anode electrode of carbon particles pre-wetted with carbonate, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and containing a molten carbonate. The fuel cell includes a wicking feature whereby excess carbonate produced during the operation of the fuel cell is removed. The use of carbonate pre-wetted carbon particles as the anode provides a network of empty voids, facilitating the removal of CO₂ gas from the cell, thereby enhancing fuel cell performance.

Fuel cells having cathode elements that are oriented such that dispersion of injected fuel through the fuel cell is caused at least in part by buoyancy force are disclosed. In one aspect of the present disclosure, the fuel cell includes a composite cathode element that is oriented such that dispersion of injected fuel through the fuel cell is caused at least in part by buoyancy force. For example, the composite cathode element and may be vertically oriented such that it is substantially parallel to the line of buoyancy. The composite cathode element further comprises, a porous matrix holding electrolyte, a cathode, and/or a cathode current collector. One embodiment of the fuel cell further includes, an anode chamber coupled to the composite cathode element. During operation, fuel injected into the fuel cell is oxidized in the anode chamber by oxidizer ions generated at the composite cathode element and transported to the anode chamber via the electrolyte in the porous matrix.