143 results about "Solid phases" patented technology

The invention provides a method and a system for evaluating heavy metal pollution of sediment in a sedimentary environment. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining heavy metal content data of a solid phase and a liquid phase of sediment through multiple layers of sediment samples in a target water body sedimentary area; constructing a migration distribution curve of heavy metals in the bottom mud in different depth layers according to the content data of the heavy metals, extracting enrichment characteristics of the bottom mud heavy metals in vertical distribution according to the migration distribution curve, and generating spatial diffusion distribution of bottom mud heavy metal pollution according to the enrichment characteristics; determining the migration activity coefficient of the heavy metal in the bottom mud in a natural state according to the environmental parameters of the bottom mud, the change trend of the heavy metal concentration gradient in spatial diffusion distribution and the heavy metal form; and evaluating the re-release risk level of heavy metal pollution in the target water body sedimentary area according to the migration activity coefficient. By adopting the scheme, heavy metal pollution assessment can be promoted from static total amount analysis to dynamic behavior risk prediction, so that dynamic quantification of bottom mud heavy metal migration activity and accurate early warning of re-release risk are realized.

The invention provides a high-filling particle viscous fluid mixed heat generation and transfer multi-scale simulation method and system, and belongs to the technical field of multiphase flow numerical simulation and heat transfer and friction heat generation coupling calculation. A uniform flow-heat generation-heat transfer coupling solution is constructed under a double-fluid model and a KTGF framework; a drag force model more suitable for a dense particle system is introduced in an interphase momentum exchange link; a BVK drag force model is adopted, and dynamic calculation of an interphase exchange coefficient is realized in a solver through a user-defined function; therefore, the prediction consistency of the solid-phase volume fraction distribution and the relative slip velocity under the high filling condition is improved; particle phase dissipation heat generation, solid-liquid interface friction heat generation and particle-wall surface friction heat generation are introduced as controllable heat source items, and are coupled to a liquid phase and particle phase energy equation according to a set heat distribution coefficient, so that the problem that friction related heat sources are difficult to accurately characterize when only software built-in options are relied on is solved.

The invention discloses a recoverable high-enthalpy-value solid-solid phase change material and a preparation method thereof. Solid phase constraint of a liquid phase change material is achieved through a topological entanglement effect generated by a hydrogen bond network and polymer macromolecules. The coupling effect of the two limits the movement between low-molecular-weight phase change material molecules at the phase change temperature, and high-temperature solid-solid phase transformation is achieved. The solid-solid phase change material prepared by the method has a high enthalpy value and also has recoverability. In addition, due to the excellent light absorption capacity of the graphene oxide sheet, the graphene oxide sheet has a potential excellent function in the aspect of solar photo-thermal conversion.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical machinery, in particular to automatic filtering and drying equipment and method.The automatic filtering and drying equipment comprises a rotary cylinder capable of working in multiple postures, double-layer sleeve fluid conveying assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the cylinder respectively, one end assembly is specially used for liquid phase conveying, central pipe liquid feeding and interlayer liquid discharging, and the other end assembly is specially used for gas / solid phase conveying; the central pipe discharges solid and the interlayer exhausts air, so that thorough isolation of a high-risk liquid phase and a gas / solid phase pipeline is realized on a physical structure, a follow-up heating and control system, an airflow conveying and discharging mechanism and a built-in crushing mechanism are integrated, and full-process automatic closed operation of inverted filtering, rotary drying and upright discharging is realized. The problems of liquid crystallization blockage, sealing failure leakage, danger of manual operation and the like caused by mixed use of pipelines of traditional equipment are fundamentally solved, and the device is particularly suitable for safe and efficient production of lithium hexafluorophosphate and other materials which are high in toxicity, high in corrosion, flammable and explosive, easy to deliquesce and cannot be in contact with air.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal material service behavior testing, in particular to a stress corrosion testing device and a stress corrosion testing method for a solid-phase additive manufacturing joint micro-size sample. The device comprises a micro clamping module for realizing automatic centering and stable clamping; the micro-volume corrosion tank with the volume of 1-20 mL is used for forming a local corrosion environment and can be observed in situ; the external medium circulation and environment control system is used for providing liquid, gas or liquid / gas combined media and rapidly switching the environment; and the loading detection system is used for loading and recording force-displacement data according to a constant strain rate. The gauge length section of the sample is arranged in the corrosion tank, and the two ends are arranged on the clamping module and are accurately centered through the positioning groove and the pin. The micro-volume corrosion tank can quickly establish a corrosion environment, and the external medium circulation and environment control system can regulate and control the temperature, the flow velocity and the atmosphere, so that quick switching of different media is realized. According to the invention, high-precision stress corrosion testing can be realized on a micro additive interface, and the local area sensitivity evaluation capability is improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a two-dimensional metal organic framework film through deposition on a gas-solid phase interface. The general formula structures of the three metal-organic frameworks obtained by the method are as shown in a formula I in the specification. According to the method, an organic micromolecule precursor film is prepared on a substrate through thermal evaporation of an organic precursor hexahydroxy triphenylene, and then the target metal-organic framework film is obtained through a gas-phase transportation method in a double-temperature-zone tubular furnace. According to the thought provided by the method, the preparation of the metal-organic framework on various insulating substrates is successfully realized, and a new possibility is provided for realizing the industrial preparation of the metal-organic framework device. The organic precursor is not limited to one type and is also suitable for other organic precursors, in addition, the preparation process is simple, raw materials can be selected from commercial products, and convenience is provided for further research of other scientific researchers in preparation in the field of metal-organic frameworks.

The application provides an alloy solution mechanical and electromagnetic stirring device, and mainly relates to the technical field of die steel smelting. The alloy solution mechanical and electromagnetic stirring device comprises a support frame, a stirring container is fixedly installed on the support frame, a driving motor is fixedly installed on the top of the stirring container, a solution filling hopper is arranged on the top of the stirring container, a support seat is fixedly arranged outside the stirring container, the support seat is fixedly installed on the support frame through bolts, and a buffer pad is arranged between the support seat and the support frame. The application has the beneficial effects that: the application combines mechanical stirring and electromagnetic stirring, can ensure that relative movement between liquid phase and solid phase is generated in different degrees, multi-dimensional shear flow is generated, the breaking, crushing and proliferation of dendrite arms are caused, a large number of dislocations are migrated from grain boundaries to the inside of the crystals, the purpose of refining grains is achieved, the energy consumption requirement in the stirring process can be greatly reduced, and the purposes of energy saving and emission reduction are achieved.

A preparation method of submicron powder of high-entropy nitride via nitride thermal reduction with mechano-chemical assistance, comprising material preparation—grinding—activation—preforming—reaction. In the present invention, high-entropy metal nitride and silicon nitride is used as raw materials, soft mechanochemical activation technologies are used to reduce reaction activation energy of the system, thereafter, by thermal reduction of the nitride, high-purity high-entropy nitride powder is prepared with solid phase methods, and the shortage of high-purity high-entropy nitride powder is addressed. There is no impure phase in the (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)N high entropy powder prepared according to the present invention, and a single phase solid solution of good crystallinity is formed, and distribution of elements and ingredients in the powder is even, no foreign element is present, and oxygen content is controlled to be less than 0.3%.

The application discloses a cold-state testing device and method for ammonia-coal mixed fuel turbulent flow, wherein, during the testing process, media with different particle sizes are configured into testing media according to a preset mixing ratio of ammonia-coal fuel, the testing media is carried by primary air into a primary air pipe and into a chamber from an outlet end of the primary air pipe, and secondary air enters into an annular space through a cyclone and is mixed with the testing media entering from the primary air pipe. In this way, the actual mixing state of ammonia-coal mixed fuel in a burner is simulated. A laser Doppler wind speed measuring device is mainly used for measuring the average speed of gas phase / solid phase, the average speed of radial / tangential direction, the root mean square speed, the root mean square speed of radial / tangential direction and the average particle size distribution of particles in the burner, so that the turbulent flow characteristics of the ammonia-coal mixed fuel in the burner are obtained, the change rule of the turbulent flow characteristics in the burner is clarified, and the burner is designed and optimized.

The invention discloses a method for resource utilization of copper-containing waste etching liquid and production of high-purity copper hydroxide, and belongs to the field of green cyclic recycling of copper-containing waste liquid. The method for preparing the high-purity copper hydroxide by using the copper-containing etching waste liquid comprises the following steps: mixing the copper-containing etching waste liquid with a crystal form inducer solution, adjusting the pH value to 3.0-8.0, then reacting, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid-phase separated substance and filtrate, and carrying out aging treatment on the solid-phase separated substance to obtain a basic copper chloride precipitate; and adding ammonia water and a crystal form transforming agent into the basic copper chloride precipitate, then carrying out aging treatment, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the high-purity copper hydroxide powder. The prepared copper chloride hydroxide and copper hydroxide powder are large in particle size, the average particle size of the copper chloride hydroxide collection substance is 20-200 microns, and the average particle size of the copper hydroxide powder is 10-100 microns.

This invention belongs to the field of cemented carbide additive manufacturing technology and discloses a method for preparing a high-solids WC-Co water-based slurry for direct-write forming. The invention uses cobalt-coated tungsten carbide powder as the solid phase, which is dispersed in an aqueous solution of ammonium citrate and polyethylene glycol composite additives to obtain a WC-Co water-based slurry with a solid content of 90wt%~93wt%. The slurry of this invention exhibits good shear-thinning properties and extrusion shape retention, with a total dispersant dosage of only 1~1.2wt%. After direct-write 3D printing and debinding sintering, a density ≥99% and a Vickers hardness >1900HV can be obtained. 30 The complex structure of WC-Co cemented carbide components is suitable for the low-cost preparation of high-performance cemented carbide in industrial applications.

The present application relates to a kind of high selectivity molecular sieve based on high-silicon low-calcium fly ash preparation and its preparation method and application, belong to molecular sieve preparation technical field.To solve the problem that molecular sieve crystallization process and high-silicon low-calcium fly ash raw material characteristics do not match, the present application provides the preparation method of high selectivity molecular sieve based on high-silicon low-calcium fly ash preparation, steps include targeted removal Fe2O3 Impurity, silicon-aluminum is activated and dissolved to obtain the silicate gel of controllable water content, using seed and mechanical force coupling direction solid phase crystallization and forming calcination obtain SiO2-Al2O3 Type molecular sieve.The present application improves the purity of molecular sieve crystal to 90~98%, the deviation of pore size distribution is reduced to below 5%, greatly improves the regularity and stability of molecular sieve crystal structure, also improves its adsorption capacity to NH4 + , CO2 And the separation coefficient of NH4 + And other cations, has wide application prospect in wastewater denitrification and carbon capture field.

The invention relates to the technical field of concentration prediction, in particular to a thickener settlement area concentration distribution prediction method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a thickener numerical calculation model; extracting solid-phase pressure and solid-phase volume fraction of each height plane of the thickener after the flow field is stabilized, constructing an interface characteristic index curve based on the solid-phase volume fraction and gradient thereof, constructing a pressure gradient curve based on the solid-phase pressure and the solid-phase volume fraction, and finding out a clarification point and a gel point according to gradient change; dividing the fluid model into a clarification area, a settlement area and a compression area according to the clarification point and the gel point; and constructing a settlement area normalized height variable in the settlement area according to the clarification point height and the gel point height, performing nonlinear fitting according to the settlement area normalized height variable and the solid phase volume fraction, constructing a settlement area concentration distribution function, and realizing concentration distribution prediction of the thickener settlement area. According to the method, the settlement area boundary is precisely defined based on the concentration gradient characteristics and the pressure mutation characteristics.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development and research, and relates to a method and system for predicting the solubility of a non-Newtonian polymer in a forced stretching device and a readable medium, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the viscosity of a target polymer after natural dissolution, and fitting an intrinsic equation according to the viscosity; based on the intrinsic equation and the swelling behavior of the polymer particles, establishing a swelling double-fluid model, and inputting the mass transfer rate of the non-Newtonian polymer into the swelling double-fluid model to generate a liquid phase volume fraction and a solid phase volume fraction; inputting the volume fractions of the liquid phase and the solid phase into a component transport equation to generate the mass fractions of all components in the solid phase so as to obtain the solid density; inputting the liquid-phase and solid-phase volume fractions into the group equilibrium model to generate the average particle size of solid-phase particles; coupling output results in the swelling double-fluid model, the component transport equation and the group balance model to obtain the dissolving property of the non-Newtonian polymer. The method can more accurately predict the behavior characteristics of particles in non-Newtonian complex fluid so as to realize the process optimization of polymer rapid dissolution configuration.

The invention discloses a method and a device for solid phase generation through gas phase mixing reaction and gas-solid separation, the device comprises a device body, a gas preparation area, a mixing reaction area and a product collection area are sequentially arranged in the device body from bottom to top in a communicating manner, the gas preparation area comprises a sublimation bin, and a gas outlet of the sublimation bin extends upwards and is connected with the mixing reaction area above the sublimation bin; a plurality of high-pressure airflow inlets are circumferentially formed in the position, flush with the gas outlet in the top of the sublimation bin, of the bottom end of the mixed reaction area; the mixed reaction area is of a big-end-down conical structure, a conical turbulent flow partition is erected in the middle and comprises an upper conical partition and a lower conical partition with spiral rising arc-shaped concave grains on the surface, and the conical wall of the mixed reaction area extends outwards to form an annular product collecting area on the connecting plane of the upper conical partition and the lower conical partition. According to the invention, high homogeneous mixing and full reaction of gas phase can be realized without extra power, and the whole process of preparation-mixing-reaction-collection is integrated to achieve an integrated process flow.

The invention discloses an alumina carrier and a preparation method thereof. The alumina carrier is of a core-shell structure, a nuclear phase is alumina molded particles with the size of 0.5-5 mm, a shell phase is a hexagonal flaky alumina aggregate, and hexagonal flaky alumina grows on the surface of the nuclear phase in situ. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) placing alumina molded particles and an organic quaternary ammonium base solution in a closed reactor in a solid-liquid two-phase separation state, and carrying out gas-solid phase reaction under self-generated pressure; and (2) drying and roasting the solid phase obtained in the step (1) to obtain the aluminum oxide carrier with the core-shell structure. The alumina carrier is of a core-shell structure, the shell is composed of hexagonal sheet-shaped alumina, a good reaction interface is provided, the carrier does not crack when encountering water, an active component can be loaded by adopting a common solution impregnation method, and the alumina carrier can be directly used as a catalyst carrier.

The present application relates to the technical field of waxy crude oil pipeline transportation and storage, and particularly relates to a method for determining the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules, comprising the following steps: S1, establishing a calculation model of the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules in wax deposits; S2, obtaining multiple wax crystal microscopic images of the wax deposit sample at different temperatures through a microscopic observation device; S3, performing image preprocessing on each wax crystal microscopic image, and combining the preprocessed wax crystal microscopic images, the calculation model of step S1 is used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules in the wax deposit sample in each wax crystal microscopic image; S4, fitting the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules in the wax deposit sample in each wax crystal microscopic image, and obtaining the change relationship between the ratio of the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules in the wax deposit and the diffusion coefficient of wax molecules in the crude oil and the solid-phase wax crystal particle concentration. The method for determining the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules can accurately calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of wax molecules.

The invention relates to a solid-phase separation material for separating actinide and lanthanum and a preparation method of a main extractant of the solid-phase separation material, the solid-phase separation material is an extraction color layer material adopting an inert support to load a functional reagent, and the main extractant of the functional reagent is phenyl or phenyl derivative substituted disubstituted dithiophosphonic acid. At least one substituent group on a phosphorus atom of the phenyl or phenyl derivative substituted disubstituted dithiophosphonic acid is phenyl or a phenyl derivative. The solid-phase separation material and the main extraction agent thereof provided by the invention have excellent capability of separating trivalent actinide and lanthanide ion groups, and have good chemical stability, radiation resistance and high temperature resistance. Meanwhile, a synergistic extraction reagent is further introduced, so that the adsorption capacity of the trivalent actinide ions is further improved, the pH value of separation operation is reduced, and the difficulty of operation control is further reduced. In addition, the solid-phase separation material for separating the actinide and the lanthanum, provided by the invention, can be stored for a long time and has good reusability.

The invention discloses an automatic slurry solid-phase particle screening method which comprises the following steps: setting the temperature of drying equipment, the drying duration and parameters of screening vibration equipment, and completing weighing reference calibration; after slurry to be detected is guided into the sample separation mechanism, the slurry is separated into a detection sample and a redundant sample according to a preset proportion through multi-channel interval flow separation treatment; introducing water flow into the detection sample to form uniform slurry flow; the uniform slurry flow is guided into a grading screening mechanism, multi-stage gradient screening is achieved through the vibration effect, and all stages of screened solid-phase particles are subjected to hot air circulation drying and precise weighing; based on the weighing data, correcting the precise mass fraction of the particles in each stage of particle size interval by adopting the particle size interval, synchronously and quantitatively evaluating the detection precision, generating a particle size grading report, and feeding back the report to a production control system; the problem of poor representativeness of traditional sample separation is solved; the sample separation requirements of high-concentration and low-concentration slurry are met; the particle mass fraction can be accurately calculated, and the detection precision can be quantitatively evaluated.

A method and device are provided for detecting a target in a biological sample. The target binds to a solid phase substrate. First and second cavities in a plate are filled with an oil. The first and second cavities are in fluid communication with each other. The solid phase substrate is magnetically drawn sequentially from a drop of the biological sample in the first cavity, through the oil, into a drop of the reaction solution in the second cavity. A change in a parameter of the drop of the reaction solution indicates the presence of the target.

The invention discloses a solid-phase separation process method and system in completion fluid and application. The method comprises the steps that the completion fluid to be separated is placed in an ultrasonic system to be subjected to ultrasonic destabilization treatment under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 400-1200 W and the ultrasonic time is 4-8 min; transferring the completion fluid subjected to ultrasonic destabilization treatment into a flocculation-supergravity settling system, adding a composite flocculant into the flocculation-supergravity settling system to act for 2-5 minutes, and carrying out liquid-solid pre-separation on stable floccules; wherein the composite flocculant is a mixture of cationic polyacrylamide and polyaluminum ferric chloride; and the pre-separated well completion fluid is placed in a flotation system, a hydrophilic inhibitor is added into the flotation system to act for 3 min, and then a foam regulator is added into the flotation system to conduct flotation operation for 15 min. The insoluble solid content of the well completion fluid treated by the method can be reduced to be within 1%, the recycling requirement is well met, the recycling rate is higher than 85%, and well completion operation is propelled to a new green, environment-friendly and low-carbon stage.

This invention relates to the field of iron and steel metallurgy technology, and in particular to a method, system, and application method for predicting the viscosity of titanium-containing blast furnace molten iron based on a cascaded neural network. The method includes collecting the temperature and mass fractions of Fe, C, Si, Mn, P, S, and Ti elements in the titanium-containing blast furnace molten iron and inputting them into a first-stage neural network. The first-stage neural network predicts the free volume ratio, cluster volume ratio, number of atomic clusters per unit volume, solid phase particle fraction, and superheat. Intermediate structural parameters are then input into a second-stage neural network, outputting the target physical property values ​​of the titanium-containing blast furnace molten iron viscosity. This invention introduces physically interpretable liquid structural parameters as intermediate variables into the neural network structure, achieving accurate and efficient prediction of the viscosity of multi-component, strongly non-ideal melt systems.

The present application relates to the technical field of concentration prediction, in particular to a kind of thickener sedimentation zone concentration distribution prediction method, comprising: constructing thickener numerical calculation model;Extract the solid phase pressure and solid phase volume fraction of each height plane of thickener after flow field stabilizes, construct interface characteristic index curve based on solid phase volume fraction and its gradient, construct pressure gradient curve based on solid phase pressure and solid phase volume fraction, find clarification point and gel point according to gradient change;According to clarification point and gel point, fluid model is divided into clarification zone, sedimentation zone and compression zone;According to clarification point height and gel point height, construct sedimentation zone normalized height variable in sedimentation zone, carry out nonlinear fitting according to sedimentation zone normalized height variable and solid phase volume fraction, construct sedimentation zone concentration distribution function, realize the concentration distribution prediction of thickener sedimentation zone.The present application accurately defines the boundary of sedimentation zone based on concentration gradient characteristics and pressure mutation characteristics.

This invention belongs to the field of horizontal spiral centrifuges, specifically relating to a centrifuge spiral assembly and the centrifuge thereof, including a spiral core tube, spiral blades arranged spirally on the outer wall of the spiral core tube, and a BD plate. The front end of the spiral core tube has a conical tube, and the BD plate is disposed on the outer wall of the conical tube. The radial width of the BD plate gradually decreases from its first end to its second end, causing the distance between the outer wall of the BD plate and the inner wall of the drum to gradually increase from the first end to the second end. The beneficial effect of this invention is that, due to the above-mentioned structure of the BD plate, the distance between the outer wall of the BD plate and the inner wall of the drum gradually increases from the first end to the second end. This allows the solid particles at the first end to be more densely packed, thereby reducing the water content of the solid phase, and also reduces the density of solid particles at the second end, thus avoiding excessive wear at the second end.

The invention discloses a solid-phase composite manufacturing device based on micro-macro wire feeding and a composite material manufacturing method.The solid-phase composite manufacturing device based on micro-macro wire feeding comprises a macro additive manufacturing module and a micro additive manufacturing module, and the macro additive manufacturing module comprises a first wire feeding mechanism and a first stirring head; a first spiral groove is formed in the periphery of one end of the first stirring head, the first wire feeding mechanism is used for conveying a base material towards the first spiral groove, the microscopic additive manufacturing module comprises a second wire feeding mechanism and a second stirring head, and the second stirring head is arranged in the first stirring head and can rotate relative to the first stirring head; a second spiral groove is formed in the periphery of the end, close to the first spiral groove, of the second stirring head. The second wire feeding mechanism is used for conveying reinforcing materials towards the second spiral groove. According to the solid-phase composite manufacturing device based on micro-macro wire feeding, the composite material with the reinforcing material distribution controllable can be manufactured, and the base material and the reinforcing material can be conveyed without shutdown.

The invention discloses a method for predicting thermodynamic parameters of drilling fluid based on basic physical properties of the drilling fluid. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a relational expression between the thermodynamic parameters and basic physical property parameters of the drilling fluid; according to the basic physical property parameters of the to-be-tested drilling fluid and the relational expression, the thermodynamic parameters of the to-be-tested drilling fluid are predicted; wherein the thermodynamic parameters at least comprise one of specific heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient; the basic physical property parameters comprise density, solid phase content, oil-water ratio and viscosity. According to the scheme, the specific heat capacity and the heat conductivity coefficient of the drilling fluid under different basic physical properties can be accurately and rapidly calculated, the prediction accuracy rate reaches 90% or above, a large number of repeated and complicated thermodynamic parameter testing experiments conducted through a specific instrument are avoided, and basic data are provided for establishing a shaft temperature distribution model and regulating and controlling the temperature of the drilling fluid.

The present invention provides an apparatus (10j) and method for separating different chemical species from each other when they are suspended or entrained in liquid metal as solid particles. The apparatus (10j) comprises a vessel (2) for containing liquid metal. The vessel (2) is continuously axially symmetric about a longitudinal axis (Z), and at least part of it tapers to an apex. The vessel (2) comprises an inlet (4) for the liquid metal having suspended or entrained therein, particles of a plurality of different chemical species of respectively different densities each in solid phase, an underflow outlet (5) for the liquid metal with a majority of particles of a first, denser one of the plurality of different chemical species suspended or entrained therein, and an overflow outlet (6) for the liquid metal with a majority of particles of a second, less dense one of the plurality of different chemical species suspended or entrained therein. The underflow outlet (5) is nearer to the apex of the vessel (2) than the overflow outlet (6). The apparatus (10j) also comprises a first electrode (12) coaxial with the longitudinal axis (Z) of the vessel (2), one or more second electrodes (14) spaced apart from the first electrode (12), and a source (17) of a magnetic field. The first and one or more second electrodes (12, 14) each have a magnetic susceptibility with an absolute value of less than 10-2 to avoid disturbing the magnetic field. They are arranged within the vessel (2) to be immersed in the liquid metal when the vessel (2) contains the same, thereby allowing an electrical current (I) to flow through the liquid metal between the first and one or more second electrodes (12, 14). The magnetic field has a major component which is substantially perpendicular to the flow of electrical current (I) through the liquid metal between the first and one or more second electrodes (12, 14). This generates a Lorentz force acting on the liquid metal, causing it to rotate around the longitudinal axis (Z) of the vessel (2). The method may be conducted using such an apparatus. The speed of rotation of the liquid metal is varied by altering the Lorentz force acting on it until the liquid metal forms a vortex inside the vessel (2), which separates the particles of the different chemical species from each other and directs them to a respective one of the underflow or overflow outlets according to their different densities. If the different chemical species also have different magnetic susceptibilities from each other, the magnetic field can act directly on the particles as well in different manners according to their different susceptibilities, thus enhancing their separation according to their different densities. For example, the liquid metal may comprise liquid sodium and the solid particles may comprise the insoluble reaction products from a redox reaction between the liquid sodium and an ore of iron and / or of manganese, in which the liquid sodium acts on the ore as a chemical reducing agent and excess unreacted liquid sodium acts as a transport medium for the insoluble reaction products.

The invention provides an automatic kitchen waste treatment method based on multistage heat exchange, which comprises the following steps: acquiring solid-phase particle density distribution of a kitchen waste input flow, recording a particle settling velocity fluctuation value, and predicting solid-phase content change based on the solid-phase particle density distribution and the particle settling velocity fluctuation value; according to the distribution state of the pressure difference in the centrifugal cylinder, the adjusting direction and the adjusting amplitude of the rotating speed gradient are determined according to the mapping relation between the pressure difference distribution and the rotating speed gradient, the force field rotating inertia is dynamically updated, and centrifugal field distribution is obtained; according to the real-time change of the solid-liquid interfacial tension, the output power of the heating module is adjusted, the optimal value of the interfacial tension gradient is determined, and phase state layering is obtained; and calculating fluid shear stress required by a subsequent thermal separation stage based on fluid turbulent flow distribution and a separation purity value of a mixed region, and determining power distribution parameters of thermal separation by combining with a separation purity value of a centrifugal separation stage.

This disclosure relates to a manganese dioxide material, its preparation method, and a method for removing sulfides from hydrogen gas. The method includes: mixing graphite oxidation filtrate, a manganese source aqueous solution, and optionally hydrogen peroxide to obtain a mixed solution; refluxing the mixed solution in an open system, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase material; calcining the solid phase material; wherein the molar ratio of manganese in the graphite oxidation filtrate to manganese in the manganese source aqueous solution is 7 or higher. The preparation method of this invention fully utilizes the manganese in the graphite oxidation filtrate and performs reflux treatment in an open system, resulting in mild reaction conditions and a simple process, effectively reducing the preparation cost of the manganese dioxide material. The manganese dioxide material prepared by this invention exhibits excellent performance in the process of removing sulfides from hydrogen gas, achieving a sulfide removal rate of over 95% under mild conditions with a mass content of less than 10% in hydrogen gas.