64 results about "Octanol" patented technology

The application discloses a preparation method of a catalyst for liquid-phase refining of crude octanol, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing pretreated fly ash and pseudo-boehmite, adding deionized water and nitric acid, stirring until a colloid is formed, drying the colloid, mixing the dried colloid with kaolin, and obtaining a carrier through kneading, extrusion molding, drying and calcination; (2) taking a nickel salt, a manganese salt and a zinc salt as active components, taking a calcium salt as an auxiliary component, dissolving the active components and the auxiliary component in deionized water to obtain a salt solution, adding n-hexane into the salt solution and stirring uniformly to prepare an impregnation solution, immersing the carrier in the impregnation solution, and obtaining the catalyst through washing, drying and calcination. The catalyst prepared by the method is mainly used in a liquid-phase refining reaction process of crude octanol, and has high activity stability and selectivity.

The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal beneficiation, in particular to a flotation reagent composition for recycling micro-fine particle copper sulfide from copper oxide acid leaching residues and a beneficiation method of the flotation reagent composition. The flotation reagent composition for recovering copper sulfide from copper oxide acid leaching residues is characterized by comprising a collecting agent, a hydrophobic agglomeration agent and a foaming agent, and the collecting agent is ethyl thioacetate; the hydrophobic agglomeration agent is prepared from octadecyl triethoxy silane and kerosene; and the foaming agent is selected from terpilenol, methyl isobutyl carbinol or sec-octanol. The ethyl thioacetate serving as a collecting agent is stable in chemical property in an acid environment, weak in gangue mineral collecting capacity and good in selectivity in the copper sulfide mineral flotation process, and therefore the grade and the recovery rate of obtained copper sulfide concentrate are higher.

The application discloses a 30# hard pitch flue gas low-toxicity risk characteristic fingerprint spectrum evaluation method and application. The application constructs a total ion flow chromatogram characteristic fingerprint spectrum of 30# hard pitch flue gas, the fingerprint spectrum comprises five characteristic peaks of 5-hydroxyvaleraldehyde acetate, alanine, 2,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, acetone and 3-ethyl-2-methylheptane, a to-be-tested pitch flue gas sample is collected, and whether the corresponding chromatographic peaks appear simultaneously is analyzed; if the corresponding chromatographic peaks appear simultaneously and the total peak area is greater than 30%, the pitch flue gas is determined as low risk. The low-toxicity characteristic fingerprint spectrum unique to 30# hard pitch is used as an evaluation benchmark, and scientific basis is provided for identification of low-emission pitch materials and health protection of construction personnel.

This invention belongs to the field of new material preparation and application, specifically relating to a silicon carbide support and its application in hydrogenation catalysts. Using water glass as the silicon source, the pH of the water glass is adjusted to 7.0 with 10% dilute nitric acid. After filtration, washing, and further filtration, a slurry is obtained. Then, methylcellulose is used as the carbon source and mixed with the slurry. After drying, it is calcined at high temperature in a flowing inert atmosphere to form stable carbon-containing silicon carbide powder. Then, methylcellulose is used as a binder for kneading and extrusion molding, followed by high-temperature calcination in air to obtain the desired silicon carbide support. This SiC support has a high specific surface area and, when used in the preparation of hydrogenation catalysts, can effectively reduce the sulfuric acid color of octanol (octenal hydrogenation product) and effectively improve the ultraviolet light transmittance of ethylene glycol (ethylene glycol hydrogenation refining product).

The application discloses an amplification preparation method of dimethylheptyl methylphosphonate, and belongs to the technical field of medical intermediates. The core point of the application is that 2-octanol and phosphorus trichloride are used as raw materials, and tri-2-octyl phosphite is generated in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst A, then the tri-2-octyl phosphite is reacted with a methylating agent in the presence of a catalyst B to generate dimethylheptyl methylphosphonate. The method avoids the use of dangerous reagents and expensive reagents, reduces the raw material cost, reduces the generation amount of isomers, improves the reaction yield, greatly reduces the amount of three wastes, and makes the whole preparation process more green and environment-friendly. The process is simple and reliable, easy to industrial production, and provides a new reaction path for the synthesis of dimethylheptyl methylphosphonate.

Provided is an ink jet ink composition containing a pigment, a resin binder, and an organic solvent. The pigment includes a resin-dispersed pigment dispersed with a crosslinked resin. The resin binder includes a self-emulsifying type resin binder. The organic solvent includes an organic solvent having an octanol-water partition coefficient log Pow value of 0 to 1.

This invention discloses a low-temperature resistant composite flotation reagent for coal preparation and its preparation method, specifically relating to the field of flotation technology. The reagent is formed by emulsification of a composite collector, a composite frother, and an aqueous phase. The composite collector contains kerosene, n-dodecane, oleic acid, dimer acid, surfactant components, and low-temperature stabilizing components. The composite frother contains terpineol, pine oil, sec-octanol, and sodium α-olefin sulfonate, etc. Through compounding and synergistic effects, high-speed shear emulsification, and high-pressure homogenization, the obtained reagent exhibits good dispersibility and stability at -5 to 15°C, and can improve the flotation efficiency, clean coal yield, and combustible gas recovery rate of fine coal slime and high-ash, difficult-to-separate coal slime without heating the coal slurry.

The present application belongs to the field of gasoline additive, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly gasoline antiknock agent and a preparation method thereof. The antiknock agent comprises two newly designed modified compounds: 3,5-di-tert-butyl phenyl carborane carboxylate and 2-(dicyclohexyl phosphino)-1,2-oxaborinin-4-carboxylic acid iso-octyl ester. In the preparation, a cosolvent is first added into a reactor, and then the two modified compounds, polyisobutylene amine, isobutyl acetate and dimethyl malonate are sequentially added under an inert atmosphere. After mixing by continuous stirring, the temperature is raised, an antioxidant is added, and then stirring is continued. Finally, the product is obtained by cooling and filtering. The two modified compounds are prepared by condensation reaction of carborane carboxylic acid and steric phenol, esterification of oxaborinin carboxylic acid and iso-octanol, and then phosphination reaction. The antiknock agent does not contain metal elements, has biodegradable characteristics, can significantly improve the octane number of gasoline and reduce engine deposits and harmful gas emissions, and meets the green environmental protection requirements.

To provide a water-based ink for inkjet printing excellent in substrate adhesion, wet spreadability and printing density of the ink to a low liquid absorbing printing substrate.SOLUTION: A water-based ink for ink-jet printing on a low-liquid absorbing printing substrate, which comprises a pigment, an organic solvent (A), an organic solvent (B) and water, wherein the organic solvent (A) is a glycol ether having an octanol-water partition coefficient logP of at least 0.75, the organic solvent (B) is a glycol ether or alkylene glycol having an octanol-water partition coefficient logP of less than 0.75, and a distance Ra between Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) of the organic solvent (A) and the organic solvent (B) is not more than 5.5, A mass ratio (A) / (B) of the organic solvent (A) to the organic solvent (B) is not less than 0.4 and not more than 2.5.SELECTED DRAWING: None

This invention discloses a method for extracting gallium from copper smelting dust. The method includes pretreatment, extraction, and back-extraction steps, specifically: adjusting the pH of a nickel-containing copper sulfate solution to 0.5-1.0 with a pH adjuster to obtain material a; extracting material a with a composite extractant to obtain an organic phase b and an aqueous phase c; back-extracting organic phase b with a sulfuric acid solution to obtain a gallium-containing solution d and a raffinate e; the composite extractant is composed of N235 extractant, 2-octanol, and sulfonated kerosene. This invention recovers gallium from copper smelting dust, efficiently enriching low-concentration gallium, improving recovery rate, supplementing traditional gallium extraction channels, extending the copper industry chain, increasing added value, harmlessly treating harmful impurities in the dust, reducing environmental costs, and strengthening my country's strategic gallium resource protection capabilities. Therefore, developing this recovery technology is a key measure to solve the problem of separating and enriching low-concentration gallium and to solidify industrial security.

This invention relates to the field of gas leak detection agents, and proposes a micron-sized bubble leak detection agent, its preparation method, and its application. The micron-sized bubble leak detection agent consists of component A and component B. Component A includes the following components by weight: 40-50 parts deionized water, 2-4 parts n-octanoic acid, 1-1.5 parts foaming agent, 0.1-0.2 parts corrosion inhibitor, 0.05-0.08 parts sodium polyacrylate, and 0.02-0.04 parts chelating agent. Component B includes the following components by weight: 40-50 parts deionized water, 0.05-0.1 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.05-0.1 parts xanthan gum, 0.4-0.8 parts polyol, 0.2-0.4 parts octanol, and 0.3-0.5 parts additives. The additives include anionic polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed sodium polyacrylonitrile in a mass ratio of 2:1-2. This technical solution solves the problem of insufficient foam stability in gas leak detection agents in related technologies.

This application discloses a method for determining the fermentation degree of Bozhou chrysanthemum glutinous rice wine based on volatile components, relating to the field of alcoholic beverage fermentation detection technology. The method includes: S1. Sample preparation: 2 mL of Bozhou chrysanthemum glutinous rice wine sample is placed in a 20 mL headspace vial, 10 µL of 100 ppm 2-octanol internal standard solution is added, and the vial is sealed and incubated at 60°C for 15 min. Three parallel samples are set up for each sample; S2. Headspace sampling; S3. GC-IMS combined detection; S4. Data processing and qualitative analysis; S5. Multidimensional analysis of volatile components; S6. Screening of characteristic volatile components; S7. Determination of fermentation degree. This method for determining the fermentation degree of Bozhou chrysanthemum glutinous rice wine based on volatile components applies GC-IMS technology to the determination of the fermentation degree of Bozhou chrysanthemum glutinous rice wine. The detection process is carried out at room temperature, which can truly reflect the actual flavor components in the sample. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for sample enrichment and concentration; liquid samples can be directly detected via headspace sampling, saving time and effort and achieving high detection efficiency.

The application discloses a kind of industrial wastewater mixed extractant grading purification directional recovery process, comprising the following steps: industrial wastewater is passed into the adsorption device of amine group-phosphonic acid group modified graphene adsorption material, and the adsorption of specific impurities is strengthened by regulating and controlling bifunctional group mole ratio;Into the adsorption saturated device containing amino phosphonic acid type chelating agent complex desorption agent, using non-overlapping subsection desorption mode directional desorption of n-octanol and N235 and sulfonated kerosene;Mixed desorption liquid is separated after complex desorption agent by rectification, and each extractant component is purified by gradient vacuum distillation;Amine salt waste liquid is reused to adsorption device, and amine salt decomposition and adsorption material functional group in situ regeneration are completed under acidic conditions.The above steps solve the problems of poor adsorption selectivity, desorption interference and material activity attenuation in existing process, realize efficient directional recovery of mixed extractant, and significantly improve the cycle stability of adsorption material.

The invention discloses a flotation collecting agent for achieving separation of apparent crystal quartz and micro-cryptocrystal siliceous minerals and application of the flotation collecting agent, the flotation collecting agent is composed of 50-70 wt% of cocamidopropyl betaine and 30-50 wt% of sec-octanol, the cocamidopropyl betaine and the sec-octanol are stirred and mixed to be uniform, and then the composite flotation collecting agent is obtained. The collecting agent has good selective collecting performance on apparent crystal quartz in siliceous rock ore, effective separation of the apparent crystal quartz and micro-cryptocrystalline siliceous minerals is achieved, the blank of the prior art is filled, progress and development of the siliceous mineral flotation technology are promoted, the comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources in the field is increased, and the economic benefit is increased. The method has obvious economic benefits and social benefits.

The invention discloses a method for separating rare earth and fluoroaluminum in a high-fluoroaluminum and low-rare-earth-content material, and belongs to the field of rare earth hydrometallurgy. Aiming at the technical problems of poor selectivity and easiness in emulsification when the materials are treated by an existing single extraction system, a five-component synergistic extraction system is adopted, a mixed extraction agent is prepared according to the volume ratio of P204: P507: TBP: sec-octanol: diluent, and after hydrochloric acid pretreatment and ammonia water saponification, three-stage to six-stage counter-current extraction is carried out on the mixed extraction agent and the pretreated material liquid subjected to pH regulation. Rare earth is selectively extracted into an organic phase, fluorine and aluminum are enriched in raffinate, and efficient separation is achieved. And the rare earth-loaded organic phase is subjected to reverse extraction with high-concentration hydrochloric acid to obtain a concentrated rare earth solution, and trace rare earth in raffinate can be recovered through oxalic acid precipitation. Through the synergistic effect of specific components, the separation selectivity is remarkably improved, extraction emulsification is effectively avoided, stable operation of the process is guaranteed, and the method is particularly suitable for efficient treatment of complex high-fluorine-aluminum low-rare-earth materials.

The utility model relates to residual liquid dehydration technical field, concretely relates to a butyl octanol residual liquid dehydration device, including support frame, still including the dehydration mechanism for to residual liquid dehydration, dehydration mechanism is located above support frame, dehydration mechanism includes the outer bucket setting above support frame, the dehydration bucket is fixed with in the outer bucket, the inside stirring structure of dehydration bucket is equipped for to residual liquid dehydration when carrying out stirring, the vibration structure that is used for driving the vibration of gas collecting hood is equipped with above gas collecting hood. Advantageous effects: through the residual liquid in dehydration bucket inside all -round stirring of stirring structure, makes the uniform mixing of light component and heavy component in residual liquid interior, prevents the stratification phenomenon of light component and heavy component, simultaneously when stirring residual liquid flows in a large range, contribute to residual liquid even heating, avoid partial residual liquid because of temperature is too high and takes place coking, carbonization etc. phenomenon, and then accelerated residual liquid's heat transfer efficiency, improved residual liquid dehydration's quality and efficiency.

A layered optical film in which at least an iodine-based polarizer and an optical film are laminated with an adhesive layer therebetween, wherein the adhesive layer has a two-layer structure of a first adhesive layer on the iodine-based polarizer and a second adhesive layer on the optical film, the first adhesive layer is formed of a first cured product layer of a first adhesive composition, logPow representing an octanol / water distribution coefficient calculated by the weighted average of the mole fractions of monomer components contained in the first adhesive composition is 2.5 or more, the second adhesive layer is formed of a second cured product layer of a second adhesive composition, and logPow representing an octanol / water distribution coefficient calculated by the weighted average of the mole fractions of monomer components contained in the second adhesive composition is less than 2.5.

A water-based ink contains at least a coloring material, water, and an organic solvent, the coloring material containing a pigment, and the organic solvent having a water-octanol partition coefficient of −0.3 or less. The water-based ink makes it possible to suppress white spots, suppress the occurrence of water-based ink filling defects, and produce recorded matter having high image reproducibility.

The application relates to a high-purity target material preparation process based on gold waste, and belongs to the technical field of target material preparation. Through optimization of a purification step and process parameters, efficient purification of gold waste is realized, meanwhile, vacuum smelting process parameters are regulated, energy consumption and emission of harmful substances are reduced, and the concept of sustainable development is met. A mixed solution of dibutyl carbitol and secondary octanol is preferably used as an extractant, which significantly improves the gold purification efficiency and selectivity, and ensures accurate separation of gold from the waste. Through two-stage smelting technology and reasonable setting of annealing parameters, gold target material with uniform composition, high mechanical strength and excellent performance is prepared. The application not only realizes resource utilization of gold waste, but also reduces environmental load, and the prepared target material meets the high-performance application requirement, and has remarkable economic and environmental benefits.

The application belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and discloses a preparation method of 4-mercapto-1-octanol, which comprises the following steps: mixing propyl octanolide and concentrated hydrochloric acid, heating and refluxing for a set time, and separating an organic phase after cooling; adding thioacetic acid to the organic phase and controlling the temperature at 15-20 DEG C, adding a strong alkali solution thereto, heating to 30-45 DEG C, and keeping for 1-3 h to perform a condensation reaction; after the condensation reaction is completed, adding an acid to adjust the pH value to weak acidity, extracting the reaction system, washing and concentrating the organic phase, redissolving the concentrate in an organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution one; preparing a lithium aluminum hydride solution, slowly adding the mixed solution one to the lithium aluminum hydride solution under low-temperature conditions, performing a reduction reaction at a temperature lower than 20 DEG C after the addition is completed, and keeping for 1-4 h, so that the 4-mercapto-1-octanol is obtained. The raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the operation is simple, and the industrial value is high.

One aspect of the present invention is an aqueous inkjet-printing ink for a poorly-absorbent printing base material. The ink contains a pigment, an organic solvent (A), an organic solvent (B), a surfactant, and water. The organic solvent (A) has a boiling point of not less than 140°C to less than 200°C, and an octanol-water partition coefficient logP of 0.10-1.20. The organic solvent (B) has a boiling point of 200-260°C, and an octanol-water partition coefficient logP of 0.10-0.70. The HLB value of the surfactant is 1.0-8.0. The mass ratio (A) / (B) of the organic solvent (A) and the organic solvent (B) is preferably 0.5-3.0.

Provided herein are materials and methods related to scaffolds and uses thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are poly (octamethylene-octanol citrates) (POOC) scaffolds with native mechanical properties that are comparable to urinary bladder tissue. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods for the synthesis of POOC scaffolds with native mechanical properties that are comparable to urinary bladder tissue by including octanol in the polycondensation synthesis of POC. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of use of the disclosed scaffolds, including for urinary bladder tissue regeneration.

This invention belongs to the field of functional textile materials and interface wettability control technology, and discloses a method for preparing cotton fabric with underwater superoleophobic and oil-water superhydrophobic properties and its application in oil-water separation. The method first dissolves nano-titanium dioxide and n-octanol in ethanol to obtain an alcohol phase mixture; then dissolves dopamine hydrochloride and Tris-HCl in deionized water to obtain an aqueous phase mixture; the two phases are mixed and the pH is adjusted to 8.0–8.5, allowing dopamine to oxidize and self-polymerize, forming a composite coating system synergistically with n-octanol, nano-titanium dioxide, and polydopamine; the cotton fabric is then impregnated and dried at 75–85°C for 2–4 h to obtain a cotton fabric with a surface polydopamine / n-octanol / nano-titanium dioxide composite coating. This fabric exhibits superhydrophilicity and oleophilicity in air, with underwater oil contact angles and oil-water contact angles both greater than 155°. Washing with ethanol, drying, and re-pre-wetting allow for reversible switching between the two superwetting properties. It can be used for the efficient separation of oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions under gravity.

This application discloses a biodiesel corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, and antioxidant, relating to the technical field of biodiesel processing. It comprises the following components: o-phenylenediamine, octanol, tetraethylenepentamine, gallic acid, cyanoethylalkylimidazolium, and deionized water; and includes the following preparation steps: S1: Gallic acid, cyanoethylalkylimidazolium, and an equimolar amount of deionized water are mixed and reacted under stirring in an oil bath. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is washed multiple times with water and evaporated by rotary evaporation to obtain a cyanoethylalkylimidazolium gallate ionic liquid antioxidant; S2: o-phenylenediamine, octanol, tetraethylenepentamine, and cyanoethylalkylimidazolium gallate ionic liquid antioxidant are then mixed in a specific ratio to obtain the biodiesel corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, and antioxidant. This application can improve the quality of biodiesel, providing necessary guarantees for its industrial and commercial applications; and can reduce problems caused by corrosion and oxidation during the use and storage of biodiesel.

The present application relates to the technical field of octanol production, and discloses an octanol production system and a production method. The system comprises an aldol condensation device, an oil-water separation device, a dealkali tower and a hydrogenation device which are connected through pipelines. The aldol condensation device is used for aldol condensation reaction of n-butyraldehyde and sodium hydroxide to obtain an aldol condensation reaction product. The oil-water separation device is used for oil-water separation of the aldol condensation reaction product to obtain a dehydrated aldol condensation reaction product containing sodium hydroxide, and the content of sodium hydroxide in the dehydrated aldol condensation reaction product is higher than 5 ppm. The dealkali tower is arranged between the oil-water separation device and the hydrogenation device, and is used for dealkali treatment of the dehydrated aldol condensation reaction product to obtain a de-sodium-hydroxide aldol condensation reaction product. The hydrogenation device is used for hydrogenation reaction of the de-sodium-hydroxide aldol condensation reaction product. The system can ensure the purity of the target product while improving the colority of the target product.

The application discloses a parallel type bidirectional liquid feeding reaction system for producing butyl octanol, which comprises a reaction kettle supported and placed by an external support, bidirectional liquid feeding pipes, a gas inlet pipe, a premixing cavity, an emulsification mechanism, a catalyst adding mechanism and a buffer mechanism. Liquid propylene enters the premixing cavity through the liquid feeding pipe, is premixed with CO gas discharged from the gas inlet pipe, is refined into micron-level gas-liquid emulsions through the emulsification mechanism, the gas-liquid contact area is significantly increased, the reaction efficiency is improved, the catalyst is accurately metered through a storage tank and an auxiliary mechanism, the reaction stability is ensured, the buffer mechanism in the liquid feeding pipe effectively slows down the liquid impact force and filters impurities, the cleaning mechanism can scrape and clean the impurities on the surface of the filter plate, the filtering effect is ensured, the liquid propylene and the CO gas are efficiently premixed through optimization of the feeding mode and the mixing structure, and the reaction efficiency of butyl octanol production and the consistency of product quality are significantly improved.

This invention discloses a method for preparing dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), comprising: crushing, washing, and drying waste PET to obtain PET particles; depolymerizing the obtained PET particles in the presence of ethylene glycol and a composite depolymerization catalyst to obtain a depolymerization product; adding the obtained depolymerization product to octanol and a transesterification catalyst for transesterification reaction; after the reaction is completed, post-treatment yields dioctyl terephthalate; wherein the composite depolymerization catalyst is a mixture of zinc oxide and germanium dioxide; and the transesterification catalyst is a supported solid acid catalyst. This invention features high raw material utilization and good environmental performance, using waste PET as raw material to prepare DOTP via transesterification reaction, thus solving the pollution problem of waste PET; simultaneously, ethylene glycol, octanol, and the catalyst can be recycled during the reaction, reducing raw material consumption and wastewater.

This invention discloses a method for synthesizing submicron-sized flake-like silver powder, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a silver nitrate solution using silver nitrate and a solvent selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, n-octanol, and n-heptol; S2, adding a dispersant and a flake-forming agent to the silver nitrate solution; S3, carrying out a reduction reaction in a sealed reactor; S4, post-processing the reaction solution to obtain silver powder. This invention employs a one-step solvothermal method, which is simple to operate. The solvent simultaneously acts as a reducing agent, eliminating the need for additional reducing agents, thus reducing the introduction of exogenous impurities. The product has high purity, regular morphology, and is entirely submicron-sized flake-like silver powder with a particle size of 200-600 nm. This invention also boasts high silver source utilization, with a yield exceeding 95%.

One embodiment of the present invention is a water-based ink for inkjet printing on lowly liquid-absorbing printing substrates, the ink comprising a pigment, an organic solvent (A), an organic solvent (B), and water, wherein the organic solvent (A) is a glycol ether having an octanol / water partition coefficient logP of 0.75 or higher, the organic solvent (B) is a glycol ether or alkylene glycol having an octanol / water partition coefficient logP less than 0.75, the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) distance Ra between the organic solvent (A) and the organic solvent (B) is 5.5 or less, and the mass ratio (A) / (B) of the organic solvent (A) to the organic solvent (B) is 0.4-2.5.

The present application relates to the field of foaming agent, and more particularly to an environmentally friendly floating foaming agent composition based on biomass and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: modified vegetable oil based polyol 25-30 parts, cationic alkyl glycoside 15-25 parts, sec-octanol 5-15 parts, glycerol 3-8 parts, foaming aid 5-10 parts, auxiliary emulsifier 2-5 parts, polysaccharide stabilizer 0.3-1 part, and water 25-45 parts. The modified vegetable oil polyol, alkyl glycoside, sec-octanol, glycerol, composite foaming aid, and sophorolipid are main components, all of which are of biomass origin, have high biodegradability, no toxic side effects, and no release of volatile organic compounds during use, and are safe and environmentally friendly.