1573 results about "Liquid carbon" patented technology

Hydrogen is produced from solid or liquid carbon-containing fuels in a two-step process. The fuel is gasified with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reaction to produce a methane-rich gaseous reaction product, which is then reacted with water and calcium oxide in a hydrogen production and carbonation reaction to produce hydrogen and calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate may be continuously removed from the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone and calcined to regenerate calcium oxide, which may be reintroduced into the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone. Hydrogen produced in the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction is more than sufficient both to provide the energy necessary for the calcination reaction and also to sustain the hydrogenation of the coal in the gasification reaction. The excess hydrogen is available for energy production or other purposes. Substantially all of the carbon introduced as fuel ultimately emerges from the invention process in a stream of substantially pure carbon dioxide. The water necessary for the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction may be introduced into both the gasification and hydrogen production and carbonation reactions, and allocated so as transfer the exothermic heat of reaction of the gasification reaction to the endothermic hydrogen production and carbonation reaction.

Methods and compositions useful for subterranean formation treatments, such as hydraulic fracturing treatments and sand control that include porous materials. Such porous materials may be selectively configured porous material particles manufactured and/or treated with selected glazing materials, coating materials and/or penetrating materials to have desired strength and/or apparent density to fit particular downhole conditions for well treating such as hydraulic fracturing treatments and sand control treatments. Porous materials may also be employed in selected combinations to optimize fracture or sand control performance, and/or may be employed as relatively lightweight materials in liquid carbon dioxide-based well treatment systems.

The invention provides a fracturing sand mixing device used for mixing fracturing fluid. The fracturing sand mixing device comprises a solid-liquid mixing device, and the solid-liquid mixing device is a pressure container. The solid-liquid mixing device comprises a solid lead-in port capable of leading in solid particles of the fracturing fluid, a base fluid lead-in port for leading in base fluid of the fracturing fluid, a mixing inner cavity for accommodating the solid particles and the base fluid and a solid-liquid lead-out port for leading out the fracturing fluid formed by mixing. Substances such as carbon dioxide or petroleum gas which are in a gas state under normal temperature can be kept in a liquid state by high pressure through the fracturing sand mixing device and are mixed with the solid particles to form the fracturing fluid, and the goal of preparing the fracturing fluid with liquid carbon dioxide or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) serving as the base fluid is achieved.

The invention provides a fracturing sand mixing device used for mixing fracturing fluid. The fracturing sand mixing device comprises a solid conveying device and a solid-liquid mixing device communicated with the solid conveying device, wherein the solid-liquid mixing device is a pressure container. The solid-liquid mixing device comprises a solid lead-in port capable of leading in solid particles of the fracturing fluid output by the solid conveying device, a base fluid lead-in port for leading in base fluid of the fracturing fluid, a mixing inner cavity for accommodating the solid particles and the base fluid and a solid-liquid lead-out port for leading out the fracturing fluid formed by mixing. Substances such as carbon dioxide or petroleum gas which are in a gas state under normal temperature can be kept in a liquid state by high pressure through the fracturing sand mixing device and are mixed with the solid particles to form the fracturing fluid, and the goal of preparing the fracturing fluid with liquid carbon dioxide or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) serving as the base fluid is achieved.

The invention described herein is a method for selectively removing mercaptans such as methyl mercaptan from dry gas mixtures containing high concentrations of carbon dioxide. In the method, the carbon dioxide-rich gas (sour gas) is passed through an absorption vessel or distillation column in which it is contacted with an absorbent such as liquid carbon dioxide in order to selectively absorb the mercaptans. The treated gas, which is now free of mercaptans, leaves the top of the vessel as a sales gas suitable for use in enhanced oil recovery applications. Preferably, a portion of the carbon dioxide in the sales gas is condensed and the liquid is returned to the absorber or distillation column as the scrubbing agent. At least part of this scrubbing agent leaves the bottom of the absorber or distillation column enriched in methyl mercaptan and other sulfur compounds. The stream from the absorption vessel containing the mercaptans can be incinerated or otherwise processed to utilize or dispose of the methyl mercaptan.

The invention discloses a removal technology of removing coal-fired flue gas pollutants and a device thereof. The technology is as follows: an SCR denitration method is first used for removing NOX in the flue gas; then a dust collector is used for removing dusts and ash particles in the flue gas; then a wet calcium-based desulphurization method is used for removing SO2 in the flue gas; then an MEA decarburization process is used for absorbing the SO2 in the flue gas; simultaneously, a pregnant solution of a generated alkanolamine solution is heated, analyzed and regenerated and the generated barren solution of the alkanolamine solution is continuously and cyclically used; and the analyzed CO2 gas with high concentration is produced to be liquid carbon dioxide of industrial grade with high purity after being cooled, gas-liquid separated, dried, compressed and condensed. The device consists essentially of an SCR denitration reactor, the dust collector, a wet calcium-based desulphurization reactor, an MEA decarburization absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a gas-liquid separator, a dryer, a compressor, a condenser and the like which are connected with each other by pipes. The device has simple and compact overall design, low investment and operation costs, and stable and reliable work and can conduct classified integration processing and highly efficient simultaneous removal on every pollutant in the coal-fired flue gas.

The invention relates to a method for preparing sulfur-doped graphene films. The sulfur-doped graphene films are prepared with chemical vapor deposition. The method comprises the following steps: a metal substrate is put in a reactor and preheated in heating and reduction protective atmosphere, then the metal substrate is heated to 900-1000 DEG C, the reduction protective gas is stopped to blow in the reactor, the vacuum degree of the reactor reaches 10-2 Torr to 10-3 Torr, then mixed liquid carbon source and sulfur source are introduced into the reactor in gas state, the required sulfur-doped grapheme films are grown on the metal substrate, a post-treatment is carried out, and the sulfur-doped graphene films are transferred to a substrate material.

A fire extinguishing and fire retarding method is provided comprising the step of confining a fire extinguishing and fire retarding agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form within a shell wherein the shell comprises such an agent in solid form. An agent such as ice water, or liquid carbon dioxide is useful when employing the shell as “non-lethal” device. The solid shell is sublimable and will burst upon impact or upon exposure to the environmental conditions at the target site to release the contents of the shell as well as the fragments of the shell onto the target site.

A process for the preparation of one or more hydrocarbon fuel products boiling in the kero/diesel range from a stream of hydrocarbons produced in a Fischer-Tropsch process, in which process synthesis gas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons, at least a part of the hydrocarbons boiling above the kero/diesel range, having the following steps:

• [0002]
  • (1) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing at least a part of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream at a conversion per pass of at most 80 wt % of the material boiling above 370° C. into material boiling below 370° C.;
  [0003]
  • (2) separating the product stream obtained in step (1) into one or more light fractions boiling below the kero/diesel boiling range, one or more fractions boiling in the kero/diesel boiling range and a heavy fraction boiling above the kero/diesel boiling range;
  [0004]
  • (3) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing the major part of the heavy fraction obtained in step (2) at a conversion per pass of at most 80 wt % of the material boiling above 370° C. into material boiling below 370° C.;
  [0005]
  • (4) separating the product stream obtained in step (3) into one or more light fractions boiling below the kero/diesel boiling range, one or more fractions boiling in the kero/diesel boiling range and a heavy fraction boiling above the kero/diesel boiling range; and,
  [0006]
  • (5) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing the major part of the heavy fraction obtained in step (4) in the hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing process described in step (1) and/or step (3), in which process the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream comprises at least 35 wt % C₃₀+ (based on total amount of hydrocarbons in the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream) and in which stream the weight ratio C₆₀+/C₃₀+ is at least 0.2.

Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods and systems that distribute an additive in solid carbon dioxide in an interior of food processing equipment. The additive may be injected into a flow of liquid carbon dioxide upstream of an expander at or adjacent to the interior. Injection of the additive into the interior may be alternated with directing a flow of expanded carbon dioxide into the interior. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the additive with or without a diluent composition and/or additive(s) is lower than a temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide.

A viscoelastic foam is produced by reacting (a) an isocyanate component that includes at least 25% by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate having a monomeric content of from 50 to 90% by weight, (b) an isocyanate-reactive component, (c) at least one catalyst, (d) at least one surface active agent, and (e) liquid carbon dioxide. These foams are characterized by a ball rebound of less than 20%. Particularly preferred foams are characterized by a 95% height recovery time greater than 4 seconds.

Processes and devices for producing a heated non-flammable gaseous fumigant for structural fumigation use by the application of a carrier gas, such as carbon dioxide (102), to a heater (103) either prior or subsequent to mixing the gas with a toxic agent gas, such as methyl bromide (213), such as by means of a mixer (214) and applying the mixture of gasses as a structural fumigant to eradicate target pests within a structure (106). In the preferred embodiment, the gaseous carbon dioxide is formed by flashing liquid carbon dioxide (614) directly to the gaseous state in a heater (630) prior to being mixed with methyl bromide (654) in a mixer (648) and applying the mixture of gasses as a structural fumigant within a structure (668).

A carbon dioxide fracturing device comprises an energy relief head, a constant-pressure energy relief piece, a main pipe and a filling head, wherein the energy relief head and the filling head are respectively screwed with the two ends of the main pipe; a filling channel leading to a filling cavity of the main pipe and a thimble capable of opening and closing the filling channel are arranged on the filling head; an energy relief channel is arranged on the energy relief head; one end of the energy relief channel leads to the filling cavity of the main pipe, and the other end of the energy relief channel leads to the outside of the carbon dioxide fracturing device; the constant-pressure energy relief piece is arranged between the energy relief channel of the energy relief head and the filling cavity of the main pipe in a sealed manner; a heating device is arranged in the filling cavity of the main pipe; and the constant-pressure energy relief piece fractures when the heating device heats up and gasify liquid carbon dioxide in the filling cavity of the main pipe and the carbon dioxide gas expands to a certain pressure. The carbon dioxide fracturing device can replace detonators and explosives, which are frequently used in mine mining, avoids gas explosion caused by open fire to realize safety production of mines, can also enable coal to pre-split in the gas exhausting and mining process, effectively increases the air permeability of coal beds and improves the gas exhausting and mining efficiency of coal beds.

The invention discloses a carbon dioxide mining device. The carbon dioxide mining device comprises an energy release head, a fixed pressure energy release sheet, a main pipe and a filling head, wherein the energy release head and the filling head are respectively fastened at the two ends of the main pipe; a filling passage and an ejector pin are arranged on the filling head; the filling passage is led to a main pipe filling chamber, and the ejector pin is used for opening and closing the filling passage; an energy release passage is formed in the energy release head; one end of the energy release passage is led to the main pipe filling chamber; the other end of the energy release passage is led outside the carbon dioxide mining device; the fixed pressure energy release sheet is arranged between the energy release passage of the energy release head and the main pipe filling chamber in a sealed way; a heating device is arranged in the main pipe filling chamber; and the fixed pressure energy release sheet is fractured when liquid carbon dioxide filled into the main pipe filling chamber is heated, gasified and expanded to a certain pressure by the heating device. The carbon dioxide mining device disclosed by the invention can be used instead of common detonators and explosives in mine mining; gas explosion caused by fire explosion is avoided and safety production of the mine is also achieved; and a coal body can be also pre-cracked in the gas mining process, so that the air permeability of a coal layer is effectively improved, and the gas mining efficiency of the coal layer is increased.

Disclosed herein are a fiber-reinforced heating unit (100) and a mattress comprising the fiber-reinforced heating unit (100) installed therein. The heating unit (100) comprises flexible filaments (11) woven vertically and horizontally in a net, a stiff synthetic resin filament (12) alternately woven with the flexible filament (11) in either a vertical direction or a horizontal direction, and copper wires (32) woven together with the flexible filaments (11) on the longitudinal edges at both sides and the center and the woven material is dipped in liquid carbon, followed by drying. The copper wires (32) on the both longitudinal edges are connected to positive (+) terminal (31, 51) and the copper wires at the center are connected to a negative (−) terminal (41). The carbon-coated woven material has coating layers (90) formed by compression or impregnation with a gel type flexible synthetic resin at the top and the bottom. The heating unit (100) can maintain an original net structure by the stiff synthetic resin filament (12) while maintaining flexibility. The heating unit (100) has excellent durability since the flexible filament (11) is not disconnected even when heating unit is bent or folded. Also, the heating unit (100) can provide partial heating by selectively applying electricity to the positive (+) terminals (31, 51) at the both edges.

A method for processing whole leaf tea that involves impregnating tea leaves with liquid carbon dioxide within a pressure vessel, depressurising the vessel at a rate that is sufficient to freeze the liquid carbon dioxide, applying sufficient heat to cause the frozen carbon dioxide to sublime and consequently initiate fermentation within the leaves, allowing the tea to ferment for a time that is sufficient to achieve desired liquor properties, and drying the fermented product to yield the whole leaf tea. An apparatus for manufacturing such a leaf tea is also described.

The invention provides a method of removing solid carbon dioxide from cryogenic equipment, including the steps of: (a) introducing a stream including ethane to the cryogenic equipment to convert solid carbon dioxide to liquid form whereby a mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide is formed; and (b) removing the mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide from the cryogenic equipment. In particular, the method can be used in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant wherein cryogenic equipment contains LNG, and the method includes the steps of: (a′) removing the LNG from the cryogenic equipment; (a) introducing a stream including ethane to convert solid carbon dioxide to liquid form whereby a mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide is formed; and (b) removing the mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide from the cryogenic equipment. The result is an effective cleaning method for fouled LNG equipment.