234 results about "Solid carbon dioxide" patented technology

Biocompatible materials are propelled at the skin with sufficient velocity to cause desired resurfacing of skin layers to the desired penetration depth. The materials, such as dry ice or water ice, are harmonious with the human body and thus eliminate foreign body reactions. Various materials may be used in combination, including local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors in solid or liquid form. The biocompatible solid or liquid particles are suspended in a cold carrier fluid and propelled through an insulated delivery system to the surface of the skin. The treatment of diseased skin lesions may be accomplished using the present invention as a drug delivery system.

A cryogenic distillation tower is provided for the separation of a fluid stream containing at least methane and carbon dioxide. The cryogenic distillation tower has a lower stripping section, an upper rectification section, and an intermediate spray section. The intermediate spray section includes a plurality of spray nozzles that inject a liquid freeze zone stream. The nozzles are configured such that substantial liquid coverage is provided across the inner diameter of the intermediate spray section. The liquid freeze zone stream generally includes methane at a temperature and pressure whereby both solid carbon dioxide particles and a methane-enriched vapor stream are formed. The tower may further include one or more baffles below the nozzles to create frictional resistance to the gravitational flow of the liquid freeze zone stream. This aids in the breakout and recovery of methane gas. Additional internal components are provided to improve heat transfer and to facilitate the breakout of methane gas.

Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods and systems that distribute an additive in solid carbon dioxide in an interior of food processing equipment. The additive may be injected into a flow of liquid carbon dioxide upstream of an expander at or adjacent to the interior. Injection of the additive into the interior may be alternated with directing a flow of expanded carbon dioxide into the interior. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the additive with or without a diluent composition and/or additive(s) is lower than a temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide.

The invention provides a method of removing solid carbon dioxide from cryogenic equipment, including the steps of: (a) introducing a stream including ethane to the cryogenic equipment to convert solid carbon dioxide to liquid form whereby a mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide is formed; and (b) removing the mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide from the cryogenic equipment. In particular, the method can be used in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant wherein cryogenic equipment contains LNG, and the method includes the steps of: (a′) removing the LNG from the cryogenic equipment; (a) introducing a stream including ethane to convert solid carbon dioxide to liquid form whereby a mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide is formed; and (b) removing the mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide from the cryogenic equipment. The result is an effective cleaning method for fouled LNG equipment.

A rinsing liquid adheres to a substrate subjected to a cleaning process. The rinsing liquid on the substrate is first replaced with IPA liquid. While the substrate covered with the IPA liquid is held in a dryer chamber, liquid carbon dioxide is supplied to the surface of the substrate. Liquid nitrogen is supplied to cool down the interior of the dryer chamber. This solidifies the liquid carbon dioxide on the substrate into solid carbon dioxide. Thereafter, the pressure in the dryer chamber is returned to atmospheric pressure, and gaseous nitrogen is supplied into the dryer chamber. Thus, the temperature in the dryer chamber increases. The solid carbon dioxide on the surface of the substrate is sublimated, and is hence removed from the substrate. All of the steps are performed while carbon dioxide is not in a supercritical state but in a non-supercritical state.

An improvement in a method for providing localized cooling of tissue when thermally mediated by electromagnetic radiation comprises directing at least one spurt of a heat transferring substance onto a selected location on the tissue, and preventing ignition of the heat transferring substance by heating from the electromagnetic radiation. Preferably liquid carbon dioxide under pressure is supplied as the heat transferring substance, and adiabatically expanded to provide a solid carbon dioxide spray onto the selected location.

An electrothermal energy storage and discharge system is provided including a charging cycle and a discharging cycle. The charging cycle includes a refrigeration unit and a thermal unit, and the discharging cycle includes a power unit. The refrigeration unit is driven by an excess electric power and is configured to generate a cold energy storage having a solid carbon dioxide. The thermal unit is driven by a thermal energy and is configured to generate a hot energy storage and/or provide a hot source. The power unit operates between the cold energy storage and at least one of the hot energy storage and hot source so as to retrieve the energy by producing a high pressure carbon dioxide and a hot supercritical carbon dioxide, and generating an electric energy using the hot supercritical carbon dioxide.

The invention discloses a geological carbon dioxide sequestration structure and sequestration method and belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration and environmental protection. The carbon dioxide produced in industrial production is recovered in a centralized mode and injected into abandoned oil fields and gas fields to make carbon dioxide and underground water generate a solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and the sequestration and emission reduction purposes are achieved. The carbon dioxide hydrate related in the invention has the characteristic of containing ultra-volume gas and can be safety saved under the stable geological conditions verified over thousands of years, and the leakage risk is greatly reduced. In addition, a well area device for oil and gas extraction injects carbon dioxide to the position 300-500 meters away from the ground, and the sequestration cost is greatly reduced. In consideration of policy making and implementation for carbon dioxide emission reduction in our country or even throughout the word, the geological carbon dioxide sequestration structure and sequestration method has a very wide market space.

The invention relates to a method of removing carbon dioxide from a fluid stream by a fluid separation assembly. The fluid separation assembly has a cyclonic fluid separator with a tubular throat portion arranged between a converging fluid inlet section and a diverging fluid outlet section and a swirl creating device. The separation vessel has a tubular section positioned on and in connection with a collecting tank. In the method, a fluid stream with carbon dioxide is provided. Subsequently, a swirling motion is imparted to the fluid stream so as to induce outward movement. The swirling fluid stream is then expanded such that components of carbon dioxide in a meta-stable state within the fluid stream are formed. Subsequently, the outward fluid stream with the components of carbon dioxide is extracted from the cyclonic fluid separator and provided as a mixture to the separation vessel. The mixture is then guided through the tubular section towards the collecting tank while providing processing conditions such that solid carbon dioxide is formed. Finally, solidified carbon dioxide is extracted.

A cryogenic fluid composition, and method of forming same, having hyperbaric, lubricating and cooling properties includes selectivity combining a solid phase carbon dioxide, an inert diluent gas and additives in various proportions. The cryogenic machining fluid can be derived by combining a solid carbon dioxide coolant, which may contain or entrain one or more machining lubricant additives, and a diluent phase which is an inert and relatively non-condensing gas phase in various concentrations. The cryogenic fluid composition can be used in cleaning, machining or manufacturing processes to cool, lubricate or ablate a substrate. The cryogenic fluid composition can also be used in conjunction with laser treatment or machining processes without adversely affecting lasing qualities of the laser.

The invention is a reusable personal cooling apparatus that utilizes exclusively pourable pellet forms of Carbon-Dioxide Pellets as an expendable coolant. This coolant is placed in one or more compatibly designed, refillable Coolant Chambers that are integrated into a wearable garment that can be either a Hard-Shell Design (by example, an impact-protection helmet) or a Soft-Shell Design (by example, a vest), or a combination thereof. The Carbon-Dioxide Pellets are of machine manufacture and high density. They enhance the conformability of the Soft-Shell Design garment, promote ease of filling both garment designs and make possible the application of the pellet form of coolant to rigid, thin, curved structures like a helmet.

The application of vibration expedites the speed of filling the apparatus and maximizes the fill volume by minimizing void formation within the Coolant Chamber. The cooling effect is achieved through the process of phase transition wherein solid carbon dioxide subliminates to Carbon-Dioxide Vapor which in turn is vented toward the skin of the individual wearing the garment. The ramifications are a versatile, reusable, convenient and diversely configurable personal cooling apparatus and a complementary coolant that function together to enhance personal comfort.

An insulated logistic container includes an outer case, an inner case defining a receiving space for holding articles and being located in the outer case, an insulating material disposed in an insulation space formed between the outer and the inner case, and a top cover pivotally connected to a top of the outer case to openably close the receiving space. In a delivery system using such insulated logistic containers to deliver articles to clients, articles having similar product temperatures are positioned in the same insulated container. Eutectic plates or consumptive refrigerant, such as dry ice, is used together with the insulated logistic container to achieve good product temperature control, making the delivery system more efficient and cost-effective, and the insulating effect and the delivery efficiency thereof are improved.

The invention discloses a solid carbon dioxide fracturing device and method; the device is used for being mounted in a blast hole to blast a substratum to be blasted; the device comprises a solid carbon dioxide storage tube, two ends of the solid carbon dioxide storage tube are sealed, a heating tube is passed through the solid carbon dioxide storage tube and is filled with a heating agent, a cavity between the heating tube and the solid carbon dioxide storage tube is used for filling with solid carbon dioxide, the heating tube is also connected to a detonating device through a detonating circuit, and allowable pressure of material for the solid carbon dioxide storage tube is less than 10 Mpa. Small tensile strength of the solid carbon dioxide storage tube can be provided, most low-price materials in the market, such as plastic or paperboard, can be adapted to, and the fracturing device is greatly lower in device cost and usage cost than a fracturing device prepared with high-pressure-tolerant metal material; since these low-price materials are light in weight, it is convenient for workers to move or assemble the fracturing device and labor generation efficiency is improved accordingly.

The invention discloses an ocean non-diagenetic gas hydrate reservoir mining system. The ocean non-diagenetic gas hydrate reservoir mining system comprises a drilling and production platform, a mine channel and a main production channel, wherein the two sides of the main production channel are provided with excavation roadways which communicate with the main production channel; the main production channel is used for mining through mining equipment; the excavation roadways are mined through the mining equipment, and are backfilled with backfilling equipment. The invention further discloses a mining process for the ocean non-diagenetic gas hydrate reservoir mining system. The process comprises the following steps: building the mine channel, and building the main production channel; mounting the mining equipment and the backfilling equipment; mining hydrate ore bodies through separate roadways, performing secondary smashing and decomposing, and conveying separated natural gas to the drilling and production platform; mixing residual slurry with carbon dioxide, preparing a solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and backfilling to emptied roadways; repeating the previous steps circularly until mining of all producing layers is finished. The ocean non-diagenetic gas hydrate reservoir mining system and the mining process have the beneficial effects of keeping a seabed geologic structure stable, and avoiding possible risks such as seabed sedimentation, collapse and landslide caused by the conventional mining method.

The Invention is an apparatus which may be a drinking vessel to contain dry ice submerged within a beverage to create a visual effect. A partition has a first side and a second side and is adapted to contain dry ice on the first side. The partition is adapted to allow the beverage to flow from the second side of said partition to said first side of said partition when said partition is immersed in the beverage, exposing the beverage to the dry ice, creating a visual effect and chilling the beverage.

A system is provided for sequestering carbon dioxide emitted in exhaust gas from an engine. The exhaust gas may be cooled using heat exchange techniques, for example reverse flow heat exchangers. Carbon dioxide may be separated from the exhaust gases, for example using fractional distillation, heat exchangers, and turbo chargers. The separated carbon dioxide may be stored, for example using injection deep into the earth for enhancing natural gas and oil extraction. Alternatively, the separated carbon dioxide may be cooled to solid carbon dioxide and stored, for example, in an LNG tank for use as ballast onboard a ship or for use in industry.

A system for vaporizing and sublimating a slurry comprising a fluid including solid particles therein. The system includes a first heat exchanger configured to receive the fluid including solid particles and vaporize the fluid and a second heat exchanger configured to receive the vaporized fluid and solid particles and sublimate the solid particles. A method for vaporizing and sublimating a fluid including solid particles therein is also disclosed. The method includes feeding the fluid including solid particles to a first heat exchanger, vaporizing the fluid, feeding the vaporized fluid and solid particles to a second heat exchanger and sublimating the solid particles. In some embodiments the fluid including solid particles is liquid natural gas or methane including solid carbon dioxide particles.

The invention relates to a tail gas recycle and integrated utilization method, which prepares the smoke of coal boiler via temperature decreasing, de-rusting, dry method or wetting desulfuration denitration method, and finished desulfuration denitration into gas, liquid and solid carbon dioxide product to apply agriculture and forest.

The invention relates to a carbon dioxide energy storage and supply system, which comprises an organic working medium power generation unit, a carbon dioxide energy storage unit, a heat exchanger, a carbon dioxide fan, a carbon dioxide expander, a first generator, a calcium carbonate preparation unit and a calcium oxide water absorption unit. The carbon dioxide energy storage unit is connected to the organic working medium power generation unit by means of a liquid/solid carbon dioxide pipe; the organic working medium power generation unit is connected to the carbon dioxide fan; an outlet of the carbon dioxide fan is connected to the head exchanger by means of a high-pressure carbon dioxide pipe; an outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the carbon dioxide expander; an outlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected to an exhaust emission unit, a carbon dioxide compression and recycling unit, and the calcium carbonate preparation unit. The carbon dioxide energy storage and supply system enables low-temperature utilization with carbon dioxide stored energy, thus effectively storing and utilizing surplus energy and achieving flexible regulation and utilization of energy.