456 results about "Carbon sequestration" patented technology

A method for mineral sequestration of pollutant gases resulting from the combustion of carbon-based fuels such as carbon and sulfur dioxides is provided and includes, providing a particulate magnesium-containing mineral and exposing the magnesium-containing mineral to a weak acid to dissolve magnesium from the mineral and form a magnesium-containing solution. The surface of the particulate magnesium-containing mineral is physically activated to expose and dissolve additional magnesium into the solution. Pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide are mixed with the magnesium-containing solution. When the pH of the magnesium-containing solution is increased, solid magnesium carbonate is formed.

Methods and systems for low emission power generation in hydrocarbon recovery processes are provided. One system includes integrated pressure maintenance and miscible flood systems with low emission power generation. An alternative system provides for low emission power generation, carbon sequestration, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), or carbon dioxide sales using a hot gas expander and external combustor. Another alternative system provides for low emission power generation using a gas power turbine to compress air in the inlet compressor and generate power using hot carbon dioxide laden gas in the expander. Other efficiencies may be gained by incorporating heat cross-exchange, a desalination plant, co-generation, and other features.

This invention relates to systems and methods for converting biomass into highly inert carbon. Specifically, some embodiments densify the carbon into anthracite-style carbon aggregations and store it in geologically stable underground deposits. The use of certain embodiments yield a net effect of removing atmospheric carbon via the process of photosynthesis and converting it into hard coal, which can be stored in underground beds that mimic existing coal deposits which are known to be stable for thousands of years.

This process is unique in photosynthetic carbon sequestration. An on-site biological sequestration system directly decreases the concentration of carbon-containing compounds in the emissions of fossil generation units. In this process, photosynthetic microbes are attached to a growth surface arranged in a containment chamber that is lit by solar photons. A harvesting system ensures maximum organism growth and rate of CO2 uptake. Soluble carbon and nitrogen concentrations delivered to the cyanobacteria are enhanced, further increasing growth rate and carbon utilization.

A carbon sequestration and dry reforming process for the production of synthesis gas and sequestered carbon from carbon dioxide. Two-dimension (non-porous) catalysts for sequestering carbon are also disclosed and a process to produce same as well as a method for activating two dimension catalysts.

The invention discloses a method for producing a biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: thermal cracking or gasifying corn straw, or apple tree waste branch, trunk and wood chip to obtain the biocarbon; mixing the biocarbon and an ammonium nitrate solution, or urea and the ammonium nitrate solution, fully stirring and drying, or adding a binder with 1-3% of total amount and sending to a granulation system for granulation, then drying to obtain the biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer product. The fertilizer has the advantages of simple and easy preparation technology, and low cost. The biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer contains 10-12% of nitrogen, the biocarbon carrier material is stable in soil, and is a good soil amendment and a carbon sequestration agent, soil is applied for improving soil fertilization, the nitrogen element of the nitrogenous fertilizer loaded by the biocarbon has slow-release effect, so that the loss of the nitrogen element can be reduced, the nitrogenous fertilizer utilization rate can be enhanced; the biocarbon can retain in soil for long-term to play the effects of carbon sequestration and carbon emission reduction, the biocarbon is helpful for alleviating climate warming, and biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is a green fertilizer.

Methods and associated apparatus for automatically growing agricultural crops vertically and / or in a continuous fashion throughout each year (Vertical Farm) in combination with contiguous and co-located production of biofuel, food, biomass for the purpose of carbon sequestering (carbon credits), and biomass electric power generation. A process that incorporates vast arrays of continuous-loop conveyors, towering upon vertical framework, which allow potted plants to be transported throughout all stages of maturity in a manner which substantially multiplies yield per acre, allows production to proceed in both natural and artificial light, allows production and harvesting to be automated, and allows production to proceed in conditions which are highly favorable to plants but unfavorable to humans. The entire apparatus can be constructed of lightweight, cost-effective materials which afford mass-production and mass-array into vast automatic growing operations.

Systems, methods and processes teach by specific examples how the cost of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) can be totally offset and turned into profits during coal powered electricity generation from revenue and co-benefits. The process is provided whereby fly ash-carbon mixtures, or de-volatilized coal char, or anthracite coal culm is co-fired in an air-cooled, slagging combustor with limestone or similar slag fluxing materials converts the ash into cementitious slag with properties similar to ground granulated blast furnace slag.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a quantitative calculation method of carbon dioxide submarine geologic body sequestration potential. The invention adopts an exhausted oil-gas reservoir with a good gas dome in a submarine geologic body as a sequestration place, and selects a submarine geologic body as a carbon dioxide sequestration place, which can reduce the harm to land drinking water due to carbon dioxide leakage; submarine thin mub is used as an effective dome layer, which can prevent carbon dioxide leakage. The invention analyzes the concentration change conditions after submarine geologic body carbon dioxide sequestration within a period of 100 years or more, and assesses the submarine geologic body carbon dioxide burying risk. The method established by the invention lays the foundation for the development of future practical work of submarine geologic body carbon dioxide sequestration, and can help related portions for the decision analysis of carbon dioxide sequestration.

The invention relates to a special charcoal-based slow release compound fertilizer for tobaccos and a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, and aims at overcoming the technical difficulty of overquick nutrient release of an existing fertilizer. The slow release fertilizer is prepared by performing processes of stirring, drying, granulating and the like on tobacco stalk biomass charcoal, a nitrogen phosphorus and potassium three-component compound fertilizer and the like as raw materials. The slow release fertilizer has the effects and the potentials of improving the physical and chemical properties and the microbial activity of tobacco field soil and increasing the carbon sequestration potential of the soil, and can add soil organic matters, increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, add granular structures, prevent soil hardening and improve the hydrothermal condition of the soil; the tobacco stalk biomass charcoal can delay the nutrient release of the fertilizer in the tobacco field soil, match the fertilizer nutrient release with a fertilizer demand rule of tobacco stalks, reduce the nutrient loss and increase the utilization rate of the fertilizer; the used raw materials are wide in source, low in price and easily available, the production cost is low, and the ecological high-valued utilization of agricultural wastes is facilitated; in addition, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer is easy, convenient to operate and favorable for large-range popularization.

Aspects of the invention include methods of removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2 containing gas. In some instances, the methods include contacting CO2 containing gas with a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product. Where desired, the resultant bicarbonate rich product or a component thereof may then be stored or further processed, e.g., combined with a divalent alkaline earth metal cation, under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition. Aspects of the invention further include systems for practicing the methods, as well as products produced by the methods.

The invention relates to a low-carbon MgO-C brick containing modified phenolic resin and nanocarbon which are produced by nano carbon powder and a preparation method thereof. Phenolic resin bonding agent containing nano carbon powder is produced by ohenol, formaldehyde, a dispersant and nano carbon powder; the low-carbon MgO-C brick is produced by adopting fused magnesite, graphite, phenolic resin and an antioxidant as raw materials. The ultrasonic dispersion method adopted by the invention replaces partial graphite with the nano carbon powder and leads the nano carbon powder into the low-carbon MgO-C brick, thus obviously improving the anti-erosion ability and the oxidation resistance of the MgO-C brick. The brick has comparatively low thermal expansion coefficient, low thermal conductivity, low oxidative mass loss and thinner decarburized layer; a slag resistance experiment under conditions of 1600 DEG C, 3h heat preservation and carbon sequestration shows that erosion and osmosis phenomenon of the brick are not obvious, thereby being applicable to sites of converters, electric furnaces and ladle working linings, external scouring of furnaces, key components for continuous castings and refractories for blast furnace ironmaking etc., thus having comparatively large application range.

Aspects of the invention include methods of removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2 containing gas. In some instances, the methods include contacting CO2 containing gas with a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product. Where desired, the resultant bicarbonate rich product or a component thereof may then be stored or further processed, e.g., combined with a divalent alkaline earth metal cation, under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition. Aspects of the invention further include systems for practicing the methods, as well as products produced by the methods.

A carbon dioxide sequestration process includes the following steps. In a first stage, a slurry of a metal silicate rock is mixed with ammonia so as to produce a ammonia / water / metal silicate slurry. In a second stage, the process includes scrubbing a gas stream containing carbon dioxide with the solution from the first stage to thereby absorb the carbon dioxide into a reactive slurry. In a third stage, the reactive slurry from the second stage is passed through a reactor that is controlled so as to promote the reaction between the carbon dioxide and the metal silicate to thereby produce a metal carbonate.

Methods of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) are provided. Aspects of the methods include contacting a CO2 containing gaseous stream with an aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product. The resultant bicarbonate rich product (or a component thereof) is then combined with a cation source under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition and product CO2 gas, followed by injection of the product CO2 gas into a subsurface geological location to sequester CO2. Also provided are systems configured for carrying out the methods.

The invention relates to a bamboo forest carbon sequestration capacity measuring and carbon sequestration capacity improving fertilizer preparation method, which comprises the following six steps: 1, test design: selecting a bamboo forest sample plot, setting and processing a test area, then sampling, determining and computing; measurement and computation of annual respiration carbon emission amount of bamboo forest: measuring soil respiration rate, computing greenhouse gas CO2 emission flux and CO2 emission amount in soil annular accumulated respiration and determining no-root respiration soil CO2 emission amount; 3, measurement and estimation of bamboo forest vegetation carbon storage; 4, measurement and computation of soil carbon storage; 5, computation of bamboo forest annual net carbon fixation amount; and 6, optimum fertilizer preparation for improving bamboo forest carbon sequestration capacity. Through fertilizer application according to the optimum fertilizer preparation scheme obtained in the method disclosed by the invention, the carbon sequestration capacity of the bamboo forest can be obviously improved, and the invention provides an effective and feasible novel scheme for solving the greenhouse effect caused by the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration.

A process to convert carbon dioxide into a stable substance with electrolytically activated seawater and use this process to sequester carbon dioxide from coal power plants (82) and similar carbon dioxide producing equipment, and capture and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Electrolytically activated seawater (92) is produced using a unipolar electrolytic cell (91) and is sprayed into a contacting tower (93) or into the air.

A method for mineral sequestration of pollutant gases resulting from the combustion of carbon-based fuels such as carbon and sulfur dioxides is provided and includes, providing a particulate magnesium-containing mineral and exposing the magnesium-containing mineral to a weak acid to dissolve magnesium from the mineral and form a magnesium-containing solution. The surface of the particulate magnesium-containing mineral is physically activated to expose and dissolve additional magnesium into the solution. Pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide are mixed with the magnesium-containing solution. When the pH of the magnesium-containing solution is increased, solid magnesium carbonate is formed.

This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for determining carbon emission reduction credits and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for generating and quantifying standardized carbon emission reduction credits. General data and site-specific data, if available, are input into a carbon sequestration model to determine the approximate change in the level of carbon compounds stored in a media, such as soil, over a specified period of time. An uncertainty analysis is conducted on the results to quantify and normalize carbon emission reduction credits. Standardized carbon emission reduction credits may be compiled for trade and other carbon emission reduction credits are placed in reserve.

A process for sequestering carbon dioxide in fresh concrete from the exhaust emitted from the combustion of carbonaceous fuel in a concrete mixing truck is disclosed. In the process, exhaust from the engine containing carbon dioxide is redirected after passing through the required environmental controls to the concrete mixing chamber on the concrete truck. This carbon dioxide is allowed to physically mix with the ingredients producing fresh concrete. When the concrete is made from cementitious material which include calcium oxide, then the carbon dioxide may chemically bind with the calcium to form calcium carbonate and be permanently sequestered in the concrete product.

A dynamic carbon and static carbon mutual conversion method includes: planting rank vegetations, and repeatedly cutting and storing to convert 'dynamic carbon' in the atmosphere into 'static carbon' in the biosphere; controlling biomass oxidation quantity to balance the total quantity of 'dynamic carbon' in the atmosphere; intervening soil wind erosion, rock weathering, monsoon circulation and ocean current distribution regularities to restrain 'static carbon' in the biosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere from transferring into the atmosphere; increasing biomass in coastal wetlands, continental shelf shallow areas, rivers and lakes to promote 'static carbon' in the hydrosphere to transfer into the lithosphere; replacing fossil fuels with clean energy to reduce incremental quantityof 'dynamic carbon' in the atmosphere; developing new climate economy to increase bio-carbon products and increase storage of 'static carbon' in the biosphere; clearing 'dynamic carbon' in the atmosphere according to physical and chemical methods so as to regulate the greenhouse effect, eliminate dust haze, slow down global climate change speed and prolong survival time of human on the earth.

A system for power generation comprises an engine operative to output an exhaust gas, a carbon capture means operative to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the exhaust gas and output the CO2, and a compressor operative to receive the CO2 and output compressed CO2 that cools a component of the engine.

The invention discloses a geological carbon dioxide sequestration structure and sequestration method and belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration and environmental protection. The carbon dioxide produced in industrial production is recovered in a centralized mode and injected into abandoned oil fields and gas fields to make carbon dioxide and underground water generate a solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and the sequestration and emission reduction purposes are achieved. The carbon dioxide hydrate related in the invention has the characteristic of containing ultra-volume gas and can be safety saved under the stable geological conditions verified over thousands of years, and the leakage risk is greatly reduced. In addition, a well area device for oil and gas extraction injects carbon dioxide to the position 300-500 meters away from the ground, and the sequestration cost is greatly reduced. In consideration of policy making and implementation for carbon dioxide emission reduction in our country or even throughout the word, the geological carbon dioxide sequestration structure and sequestration method has a very wide market space.

The methods disclosed herein relate to sequestering carbon dioxide in an aquifer by trapping the CO2 in interstitial pores of the aquifer. Trapping the CO2 in the interstitial pores of the aquifer prevents the sequestered CO2 from escaping back to the surface and allows a much larger percentage of a CO2 to be stably sequestered compared to techniques that rely on dissolving the CO2 to achieve stable sequestration.

The invention provides a reactor body and a multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor. The reactor body, namely a reaction device, comprises two or more transparent perpendicular pipelines arranged side by side, and connecting tubes or connecting grooves communicated with the tops and the bottoms of the perpendicular pipelines respectively. The photobioreactor comprises the reactor body, a ventilation system and an optional parameter detection and control system. The invention further provides a microalgae culture method which comprises the step that the reactor body or the photobioreactor is used for carrying out photoautotrophic culture, photoinduction culture and mixotrophic nutrition culture of the microalgae. The multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor has the advantages of being large in illumination specific surface area, high in gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, small in fluid shear force and the like; engineering enlargement, cleaning and maintenance are easy, operation is convenient, high-density, high-efficiency and large-scale photoautotrophic culture, photoinduction culture and mixotrophic nutrition culture of the microalgae can be achieved, high-efficiency culture of photosynthetic bacteria can also be achieved, and meanwhile the multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor can be used for microalgae carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a heavy metal polluted soil stabilizer, belonging to the technical field of soil remediation and treatment. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: blasting air or carbon dioxide gas under the conditions that polymine is used as a skeleton and a magnesium compound is used as an alkaline modifier and tetramethylammonium hydroxide is used as a carbon dioxide absorbent, and adding carbon disulfide to synthesize a mixture of a polymer chelating agent and a magnesium carbonate microcrystal; and adding ferric salt and carrying out chelating, oxidization / reduction, precipitation and adsorption to realize the efficiently stabilization of heavy metals in the polluted soil. In the stabilizer, the mass ratio of polymine to magnesium compound to tetramethylammonium hydroxide to ferric salt is 1:(0.2-0.6):(0.05-0.1):(0.1-0.5), wherein the molar weight of introduced carbon dioxide is at least 20% of that of magnesium ions and any amount of water is added. The stabilizer can be a solution or a crystal substance. The stabilizer is simple in synthetic technology and can realize efficient and fast stabilization of various heavy metals while carbon sequestration.