293 results about "Cation-exchange capacity" patented technology

A process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as hydrocarbon fuel and lubricating oil fractions to reduce their cloud and pour points comprises reacting the material with hydrogen in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst comprising at least one metal catalytic component and ferrierite in which at least a portion of its cation exchange positions are occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations. The rare earth ion exchanged ferrierite catalyst has good selectivity for lubricating oil production, particularly when dewaxing a Fischer-Tropsch wax hydroisomerate. Preferably at least 10% and more preferably at least 15% of the ferreirite cation exchange capacity is occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations.

Oxyanions of various contaminant elements, such as chromium, antimony, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and uranium, are removed from water and other aqueous feeds by treating the feed with (1) a sorbent comprising one or more rare earth compounds, usually mixed or supported on particulate solids having a cation exchange capacity less than 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams or (2) an aqueous solution of one or more soluble rare earth compounds.

A thermoplastic resin composition comprising: (A) 100 parts by weight of a noncrystalline thermoplastic resin component (component A); (B) 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of a layered silicate (component B) which satisfies the following (i) to (iii): (i) it has a cation exchange capacity of 50 to 200 milliequivalents/100 g, and at least 40% of the cation exchange capacity being exchanged with an organic onium ion, (ii) 60% or more of the layered silicate particles have a thickness of 100 nm or less in the resin composition, and (iii) the interlayer spacing of the layered silicate (component B) in the resin composition is smaller than the interlayer spacing of the layered silicate alone by 0.5 nm or more; and (C) 0 to 50 parts by weight of a compound (component C) having affinity for the noncrystalline thermoplastic resin component as the component A and a hydrophilic component; and molded articles thereof. According to the present invention, a noncrystalline thermoplastic resin composition having excellent stiffness, surface appearance and heat stability, especially a polycarbonate resin composition and molded articles thereof are obtained.

The invention relates to a soil-structure conditioner capable of stabilizing yield and fixing carbon and a preparation method and application thereof. The soil-structure conditioner comprises, by weight, 30-90 parts of plant materials, 1-40 parts of mineral materials, 1-30 parts of animal materials and 1-10 parts of compound microbial agent. The soil-structure conditioner has the advantages that carbon fixing and emission reduction of soil can be promoted, the formation of granular structures can be promoted, the water retention ability of the soil can be increased, and effective water supply is increased; the soil-structure conditioner can regulate soil pH and lower or reduce aluminum toxicity; saline-alkali soil can be improved, and base saturation degree and cation exchange capacity of the soil can be regulated; an imbalanced soil nutrition system can be conditioned, and effective nutrition supply is promoted.

The invention relates to a special charcoal-based slow release compound fertilizer for tobaccos and a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, and aims at overcoming the technical difficulty of overquick nutrient release of an existing fertilizer. The slow release fertilizer is prepared by performing processes of stirring, drying, granulating and the like on tobacco stalk biomass charcoal, a nitrogen phosphorus and potassium three-component compound fertilizer and the like as raw materials. The slow release fertilizer has the effects and the potentials of improving the physical and chemical properties and the microbial activity of tobacco field soil and increasing the carbon sequestration potential of the soil, and can add soil organic matters, increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, add granular structures, prevent soil hardening and improve the hydrothermal condition of the soil; the tobacco stalk biomass charcoal can delay the nutrient release of the fertilizer in the tobacco field soil, match the fertilizer nutrient release with a fertilizer demand rule of tobacco stalks, reduce the nutrient loss and increase the utilization rate of the fertilizer; the used raw materials are wide in source, low in price and easily available, the production cost is low, and the ecological high-valued utilization of agricultural wastes is facilitated; in addition, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer is easy, convenient to operate and favorable for large-range popularization.

The invention relates to a soil conditioner with multiple benefits. The soil conditioner with multiple benefits is prepared by adopting the steps: screening 2-5 parts of biochar, 1-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 1-4 parts of potassium humate, 1-4 parts of ammonium lauryl sulfate polymer and 1-3 parts of bentonite by using a 100-mesh sieve after crushing, charging in a stirrer, pelleting by using a fertilizer pelleting machine after fully uniformly mixing, and processing into a final uniform smooth particle finished product by adopting a multistage granulated fertilizer spheroidizing machine to obtain the soil conditioner with multiple benefits. According to the soil conditioner, a soil sand claying ratio can be adjusted, the soil structure is improved, and the formulation of a granular structure is promoted; the soil water retention and holding capacity is improved, the available water supply is increased, the soil pH value is adjusted, and the aluminum toxicity damage is reduced or decreased; the saline-alkali soil is improved, the soil base saturation percentage and the cation exchange capacity are adjusted; an unbalanced soil nutrient system is conditioned, the available nutrient supply is promoted; the polluted soil is remediated, the heavy metal ion inactivation function is achieved; a soil microflora is adjusted, and the soil microorganism environment is kept good.

A natural multi-function mineral complex fertilizer is characterized in that the fertilizer is made from the raw materials with the following weight percentages: 28-33% of urea, 15-25% of monoammonium, 12-17% of potassium fertilizer, 30-45% of attapulgite powder and 5-10% of humic acid by the preparation method of the conventional fertilizer. The attapulgite powder is a nano-grade porous nonmetallic mineral substance with physical properties of strong adsorbability, cation exchange property, large specific surface area, and the like, wherein, the water absorption rate is equal to or more than 60%, the cation exchange capacity is equal to or more than 20mmol/100g, and the specific surface area is equal to or more than 120m<2>/g; meanwhile, the attapulgite powder is rich in various nutrient elements of potassium, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, boron, iodine, selenium, and the like; the humic acid can inhibit the activities of urase, and slow down the decomposition of the urea, and the complex compound produced can gradually decompose and release nitrogen, thus prolonging the fertilizer efficiency. The natural multi-function mineral complex fertilizer has the advantages of being applicable to all crops, and realizes the aims of reducing the fertilizer consumption, enhancing the utilization ratio of the chemical fertilizer, reducing agricultural production cost, increasing the yield and quality of farm products, and improving the soil.

Mycotoxin adsorbents are produced containing an organically modified (organophilic) layered silicate, in which quaternary onium compounds contain at least one C10 to C22 alkyl group and at least one aromatic substituent, or containing a mixture of not organically modified silicate and a layered silicate organically modified at least to 75%, referring to the total cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the layered silicate.

The invention relates to a soil heavy mental adsorbent. The adsorbent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22.8-34.2% of peat, 11.2-26.6% of natural humus, 10.2-25.8% of oyster shell powder and 28.8-40.4% of biochar. A preparation method of the soil heavy mental adsorbent comprises the steps: fully stirring the components in percentage by mass, putting in a workshop and fermenting for 15 days at the temperature of above 10 DEG C and packing. A using method of the soil heavy mental adsorbent comprises the following steps: applying 500-600 kilograms of the soil heavy mental adsorbent each mu, fully mixing the soil heavy mental adsorbent with soil and standing for 3 days, wherein in the meantime, water in the paddy field is neither fed nor discharged. The situation that heavy metal elements adsorbed by the soil heavy mental adsorbent are freed due to the cation exchange capacity cannot happen, so that the heavy metal concentration in the soil solution is reduced by a large margin, very little heavy metal elements in the solution can be absorbed by plant roots and the heavy metal content of agricultural products produced in the soil environment is extremely low naturally and below the safe content regulated in China.

The invention relates to a biological carbon-based ecological fertilizer. The biological carbon-based ecological fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 30 to 40 parts of biological carbon, 10 to 30 parts of humic acid, 10 to 20 parts of urea, 5 to 15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 to 15 parts of potassium sulphate, 1 to 5 parts of pyroligneous liquid, and 0.5 to 2 parts of trace element. The biological carbon-based ecological fertilizer is capable of increasing soil organic matter content and soil cation exchange capacity effectively, activating soil, promoting formation of soil aggregate structures, preventing and treating soil salinization, avoiding successive cropping obstacles, improving nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilizing functions, releasing phosphorus, potassium, and trace element immobilized in soil, improving soil fertilizer, water, and soil moisture conservation capacity, reducing fertilizer application amount, reducing grain pollution caused by soil with excess heavy metal, stimulating crop growth, and improving agricultural product quality obviously.

The invention discloses a whitish soil improvement method. The method includes the steps that (1) rice straw returning or wheat straw returning is conducted on carclazyte soil; (2) after straw returning is conducted, organic fertilizer is applied in a combined mode, and nitrogenous fertilizer is added to adjust the C/N ratio of straw to range from 20:1 to 30:1; (3) deep tillage is conducted on the soil to enable silt on the surface of the soil and heavy loess at the bottom to be blended fully; (4) after deep tillage is conducted on the soil, irrigation field retting is conducted; (5) after deep tillage and field retting are conducted on the soil, rice base fertilizer is applied; (6) the steps are repeated many times, and the depth of deep tillage is increased year by year every time deep tillage is conducted. According to the method, the rice per unit yield and soil fertility are improved, the soil structure is improved, the cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved, and the community structure of soil microorganisms and the soil enzyme activity are affected.

The invention relates to a special carbon-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer for vegetable fields, which aims to solve the technical problem that the nutrient release of the existing nitrogen fertilizer is overquick. The slow release nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by taking 95-100 parts of nitrogen loaded biochar, 1-5 parts of attapulgite and 2-3 parts of calcium lignosulphonate as raw materials, stirring, drying, granulating the raw materials and the like. The special carbon-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention have the positive beneficial effects that the nitrogen nutrient release duration is prolonged, and the coupling between nutrient release and crop demands is high, so that the leaching loss of nitrogen nutrients is lower, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved; the slow release nitrogen fertilizer also has a function of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil of vegetable fields, and can increase the organic matter of soils and the cation exchange capacity and granular structure of soil, prevent the soil from hardening, and improve the hydrothermal condition of soil; used raw materials are wide in sources, cheap and easily available, and therefore, the slow release nitrogen fertilizer is low in production cost, and beneficial to realizing the ecological high-valued utilization of agricultural wastes.

The invention relates to a method for producing organic hybridization amphoteric ion pair to membrane material. Its characteristic is: carrying on amination reaction to hybridization forerunner body under 0-90deg.c the temperature to make it contain an anionic exchange groups, and then carrying on sulfonation or oxidation reaction to make it contain a cation exchange groups. Obtained anionic exchange groups and anionic exchange groups simultaneously, or carrying on sulfonation or oxidation reaction to hybridization forerunner body, and then carrying on amination reaction. The cation exchange groups arrange at the both side of backbone or on backbone. The anionic exchange groups arrange on backbone all the time to form the amphoteric ion pair structure with the cation exchange groups. Thismaterial has good flexibility, high heat resistance. The exchange capacity depends on the producing process. It can be used in producing exchange membrane material, separating the electrolyte and thenonelectrolyte and separating multivalence.

The invention discloses a method for preparing homogeneous tomato sauce with high dietary fiber content, which belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of agricultural and sideline products. The method is implemented mainly by the steps of deodorizing bean dregs, and performing alkali liquor treatment, enzymolysis, decoloring, drying, extrusion cooking, drying and super micro milling to prepare super micro milled bean dreg dietary fiber flour for the preparation of the homogeneous tomato sauce with high viscosity and the high dietary fiber content. The method has the advantages that: 1, the high-activity soybean dietary fiber flour can be prepared from the bean dregs by performing the alkali liquor treatment, the enzymolysis, the extrusion cooking and the super micro milling, and has remarkably increased soluble dietary fiber content, remarkably improved water absorptivity and remarkably improved cation exchange capacity; 2, when used for preparing the tomato sauce,the soybean dietary fiber flour treated by the processes is homogenized by a 30 MPa homogenizer so as to make a sauce body more uniform and stable, increase the viscosity and health care value of thetomato sauce and improve the water absorptivity of the tomato sauce; and 3, the utilization of the bean dregs changes the conventional way of utilizing the bean dregs as feeds so as to reduce environmental stress at the same time of realizing reutilization.

An animal feed is provided that employs a substantially indigestible cation exchanger capable of binding ammonium cations and an acidogenic substance to acidify an animal's manure and thereby create ammonium cations that can be bound by the cation exchanger. The animal feed reduces ammonia emissions from manure produced by animals fed the animal feed compared to the emissions obtained from manure when an acidogenic substance is fed alone and compared to the emissions obtained from manure when a cation exchange capacity material is fed alone. Other aspects provide a method of lowering ammonia emissions from manure is provided. One embodiment provides a method for reducing soluble phosphorus levels in manure and a method for reducing total phosphorus levels in manure. In a further aspects present a method that yields manure that may be used alone or in concert with other materials to act as a fertilizer having advantageous ecological properties. Another aspect provides a method for reducing insect populations associated with manure. One embodiment is a composition for amending animal feed to produce animal waste that is lower in volatile ammonia and higher in nitrogen.

The invention discloses a remediation agent for heavy metal contaminated soil of a mining area and a preparation method of the remediation agent. The remediation agent is prepared from ceramic powder, a biomass carbon material, a phosphate-containing material, silicon micropowder, organic fertilizer and calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, wherein the ceramic powder is prepared from discarded ceramic filter elements of water purifiers through the steps of acid soaking, flushing and grinding, and the biomass carbon material is prepared from wood residues, straw and dry branches and fallen leaves through anoxic high-temperature burning. The powder prepared from the ceramic filter elements is large in specific surface area, is provided with functional groups on the surface, has high adsorptivity, caking property, suspension property and cation exchange capacity and has a good binding effect on heavy metal cations in the soil; the biomass carbon material can effectively bind heavy metal and achieve complexing of the heavy metal on the surface groups and inside pore channels; the organic fertilizer can provide nutritional elements and can further achieve complexing of the heavy metal elements; the remediation agent is low in cost and can stabilize and passivate the heavy metal and can further supplement the fertility of the soil.

The invention discloses a method for calculating lime application amount in acidified soil. The soil test indexes include pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), Q<A1> and C<OM> according to an acidified soil plough layer testing result, and a calculation formula is that the lime application amount (tons/hectare) is equal to delta pH/(0.764+0.042*[H+]-0.016*CEC-0.097* Q<A1>-0.00928* C<OM>. The acquisition method of lime powder comprises the steps of: adding a few amount of water into limestone in a room to be naturally aired; screening the lime to be 100-mesh; weighing the screened lime according to the lime using amount calculated by the formula; uniformly spreading the lime on the ground; and fully mixing the lime with plough layer soils. The selected soil is reasonable in test index and high in pertinence; and the lime using amount, required by a certain unit, in the acidified soil can be accurately calculated, and the lime is suitable for non-lime soils and has an important application value.

The invention relates to a root system nutrition carrier used for seedling cultivating or fertilizer retention and water storage of economic plants, which contains the main components of natural plant organic materials and innocuous and degradable bonding agent and has the advantages of molding, light weight, looseness, good ventilation and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity; the pore density of the carrier is 70-95 percent, wherein the capillary pore is 40-60 percent, the water absorption ratio is 1.5-4.5, the cation exchange capacity is 10-20meq/100g, and the pH is 6.0-7.0. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the natural plant organic materials after being fermented and the bonding agent are mixed and stirred by weight proportion of 2-20:100 and molded within the temperature range of 20-100 DEG C. The root system nutrition carrier is mainly applied in a seedling cultivating root system nutrition pot for the sowing, the sticking, the tissue culture, and the like of fruit trees, vegetables, flowers, forests, traditional Chinese medicinal materials and economic plants and a fertilizer retention and water storage nutritional pot of perennial woody plants.

A clay supported by organic substance modified nano-Ti is prepared through preparing suspension from bentone and water, proportionally adding surfactant, constant-temp ion exchange reaction, proportionally dripping Ti sol to generate deposit, centrifugal water washing, drying, sinter and grinding. Its advantages are high adsorptivity to hydrophobic pollutant and high photocatalytic activity.

A treatment method for a heavy metal contaminated farmland comprises the steps that the types and contents of heavy metals in soil are detected; a DTPA extraction method is adopted to determine the contents of heavy metals, capable of being absorbed by plants, in the soil are determined; the contents of nutrient substances in the soil are detected, wherein the contents of the nutrient substances comprise the content of soil organic matter, the content of total nitrogen, the content of available phosphorus, the content of quickly acting potassium, the cation exchange capacity, the unit weight and the like; chemical leaching is conducted; the contents of the heavy metals, capable of being absorbed by plants, in the soil are determined; the contents of the nutrient substances in the soil are detected, if the contents of the nutrient substances in the soil are low, corresponding nutrient substances are supplemented into the soil, so that the contents of the nutrient substances in the soil reach the third soil fertility grade or above; crops are planted in the leached soil, after the crops are harvested, the contents of the heavy metals in edible portions of the crops are detected, and when the contents of the heavy metals in the edible portions of the crops meet the national food safety standard in the Maximum levels of Contaminants in Foods, it is judged that soil treatment is completed. According to the treatment method for the heavy metal contaminated farmland, bio-available components, harmful to the crops, of the heavy metals in the farmland can be effectively removed through chemical leaching, and crop plantation can meet the requirement for safety production.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ion mineralization blocking agent for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation. The preparation method is characterized in that a crystal mixed compound agent having ultrahigh cation-exchange capacity, specific surface area and adsorption property is prepared by using phosphoric acid, calcium chloride, bentonite and biomass wastes as raw materials through high-temperature baking, the crystal mixed compound agent is compounded with a sulfenyl compound so as to realize the mineralization blocking of heavy metal ions in the soil through the deep synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms such as ion exchange, adsorption, complexation, precipitation and the like, and the purpose of the in-site remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil is achieved. The compound agent prepared by the method is high in active ingredients, wide in application range, small in using amount and low in cost, takes effect quickly and can be used for the efficient in-site remediation of farmlands and other industrial heavy metal contaminated soil.

The invention provides a biomass charcoal-containing fertilizer assistant, being prepared from 0.5wt percent to 10wt percent of crop growth active factor, 0.5wt percent to 3wt percent of high molecular material and the balance of biomass charcoal. By adding the components and adjusting contents thereof, a fertilizer utilization rate can be increased, the crop yield can be improved, soil volume-weight can be lowered, air permeability and water permeability are enhanced, the forming of soil aggregate is promoted, soil cation exchange capacity is improved, and then soil moisture and fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced; heavy metals, residual pesticide and antibiotics fixed in soil can be adsorbed and can be absorbed less by crops, and crop quality is promoted; in conclusion, the fertilizer assistant has the characteristics of improving soil environment and increasing the fertilizer utilization rate.

The invention relates to a tobacco floating seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof. The substrate contains 40-50% of turf, 10-20% of carbonized corn stalk granule, 10-20% of expanded perlite and 10-20% of vermiculite. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: crushing sun-dried corn stalks into rough granules; placing the rough granules in a carbonization furnace for high-temperature carbonization; crushing and screening after cooling; uniformly mixing with the turf, the expanded perlite and the vermiculite according to the raw material proportion; and carrying out sterilization. The corn stalks selected in the invention have the advantages of rich sources, low cost, various available nutrients and stable physical and chemical properties; by using the corn stalks to replace partial turf, the prepared substrate is loose, air-permeable, stable in structure, good in air permeability and water holding capacity, proper in pH value and large in cation exchange capacity, and has the effects of effectively ensuring the quality of floating seedling, bringing benefit to the sustainable development of the floating seedling substrate production, greatly reducing the seedling cost, solving the problem of insufficient sterilization, avoiding disease generation and having wide application prospect in tobacco floating seedling production.