83 results about "Biomineralization" patented technology

The invention discloses an in-situ biomineralizable mineral-PHA water-based seed coating based on microphase separation and soil water potential response and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of green coatings, the in-situ biomineralizable mineral-PHA water-based seed coating comprises a structural mineral skeleton, a PHA and resin composite matrix and a pore-forming disintegrating agent. According to the invention, a resin enrichment layer and island microphase structure is innovatively constructed, and the contradiction between poor wear resistance and difficult disintegration of a bio-based material is effectively solved. Compared with the prior art, the wear-resistant and dust-reducing coating has the advantages that the wear-resistant and dust-reducing performance far better than that of the traditional PHA coating is realized by utilizing an interface enhancement effect under the condition of equal or even lower polymer dosage; meanwhile, the coating is endowed with a sensitive soil water potential response'switch ', so that dry-state tough seed protection and wet-state rapid disintegration are ensured, and germination is not hindered. Organic components of the composition can be biodegraded in aerobic soil, inorganic components are natural minerals, the environmental compatibility is good, the composition has the advantages of high performance and low cost, and an excellent seed treatment scheme is provided for green agriculture.

The invention relates to the technical field of embankment reinforcing and widening, and provides an embankment widening construction method based on biomineralization and reinforcement cooperation. The microcosmic cementation effect of calcium carbonate precipitation in the inclusion is induced by the enzyme and is combined with the macroscopic constraint of the geogrid, so that a friction-cementation composite interface is formed, and the shear resistance and impermeability of the new and old roadbed combined surface are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the synergistic enhancement transition area serves as a rigidity coordination layer, loads can be effectively homogenized, differential deformation can be effectively absorbed, and therefore differential settlement is restrained, and reflection cracks are prevented. According to the method, the microcosmic cementation strengthening capacity of enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation and the macroscopic reinforcement restraining capacity of the geotechnical reinforcement material are subjected to space coupling and function cooperation, the weak area of the widened embankment is fundamentally improved, and the integrity and long-term stability of the widened embankment are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses an ecological slope protection material, system and method based on struvite biomineralization technology.The ecological slope protection material comprises a slope stabilization material and a vegetation matrix, the slope stabilization material is composed of an enzyme-induced phosphate precipitation reaction solution and an enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation reaction solution, and through the synergistic effect of the two biomineralization technologies, the slope stabilization material can be used for slope protection. A biological mineralization reaction occurs in the side slope to generate struvite, magnesium carbonate and other minerals, so that side slope tailing sand reinforcement and heavy metal stabilization are realized, and slow-release nutrition is provided for plant growth. The invention further constructs a multi-layer slope protection system comprising a slope lattice beam, an in-situ remediation area, a slope drainage layer and a slope vegetation layer, and the multi-layer slope protection system is achieved through a construction method combined with a special grouting-sprinkling irrigation device. And finally, integrated safety reinforcement and ecological regreening of the side slope of the heavy metal tailings pond are achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil amendments, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil biological-mineral composite amendment prepared from industrial waste and a preparation method thereof. Alkali fusion activated steel slag provides a quick-acting active calcium source, hydrothermal modification neutralized red mud forms hydrated aluminosilicate gel solid sodium, modified biochar enhances cation exchange capacity, a composite functional bacterial agent drives MICP biomineralization reaction, a quick-acting-slow-release-storage three-stage gradient improvement system is established, and the quick-acting-slow-release-storage three-stage gradient improvement effect is achieved. According to the present invention, the effects of 0-50 cm soil profile full-layer improvement and 12-24 month continuous improvement are achieved, 90 d after the modifier is applied, the soil pH value of the severe saline-alkali soil is reduced to 7.8 from 10.1, the conductivity is reduced to 3.2 dS / m from 11.5 dS / m, the sodium adsorption ratio is reduced to 11 from 42, the crop yield increase amplitude reaches 40-60%, 15-25 kg of the modifier is fixed per ton, and the industrial waste resource utilization rate gt is achieved; 90%.

The present application belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and relates to a kind of microbial mineralization solid waste based three-level interpenetrating heat storage body and its preparation method.The heat storage body includes microporous silica skeleton, and the solid waste activation component loaded in its interior;The solid waste activation component includes three-level functional material and red mud matrix;With the total mass of solid waste activation component being 100%, red mud matrix accounts for 30%-50%, and three-level functional material accounts for 50%-70%;With the total mass of three-level functional material being 100%, three-level functional material includes: 50%-60% titanium dioxide quantum dots, 20%-30% gallium oxide exciton, 10%-20% activated phosphogypsum sulfate powder;Three-level functional material forms three-level interpenetrating network structure in microporous silica skeleton.In the prior art, there is a problem in the solid waste treatment method that cannot realize the application of solid waste reenergy storage field through quantum dot and exciton coupling mechanism in solid waste.

The application discloses a kind of solid sealing chromium composite cementitious material and preparation method thereof, solid sealing chromium composite cementitious material includes the following mass percentage of substance: 65wt.%~75wt.% of clinker with heavy metal content, 20wt.%~34wt.% of poly-element auxiliary cementitious material, the rest is gypsum;Total chromium content in clinker with heavy metal content is greater than 150mg / kg;Poly-element auxiliary cementitious material includes the following mass percentage of substance: 30wt.%~50wt.% of microbial mineralization steel slag powder, 20wt.%~40wt.% of metakaolin, the rest is fly ash;Microbial mineralization steel slag powder is prepared by carbonic anhydrase producing bacteria and steel slag powder carbon fixation grinding.The application is based on the synergistic effect between clinker with heavy metal and the overall chemical composition of poly-element composite auxiliary cementitious material, and the pH value of solidified body is reduced by secondary hydration.

This utility model discloses a slurry proportioning adjustment device for biomineralization, including a mixing tank and a support frame. The support frame is located at the center of each of the four sides of the top of the mixing tank. A support cover is provided at the bottom of the mixing tank via legs. A stirring shaft is located at the center of the mixing tank, with stirring rods evenly distributed on the stirring shaft. Rotating rods are located at the center of both sides of the support cover, and stirring rods are evenly distributed on the rotating rods inside the mixing tank. An annular tube is located at the top of the mixing tank, and an inlet pipe connected to an external water storage tank is located on one side of the top of the annular tube. An annular toothed block is located on the top of the mixing tank inside the annular tube, and an L-shaped brush facing the annular tube is located at the center of one side of the bottom of the annular toothed block. This utility model improves the uniformity of the slurry by achieving more comprehensive mixing, and the annular tube can be cleaned after mixing to prevent nozzle clogging.

The invention discloses a desertified soil restoration method based on microorganism mineralization induction and moss-algae crust, which comprises the following steps: crushing soybeans, and dissolving the crushed soybeans in water to obtain a soybean urease crude extract; adding desert green algae and drought-enduring moss into the cementing liquid prepared from the travertine for later use; the algae crust cementing liquid is obtained; the method comprises the following steps: preparing a soybean urease crude extracting solution, uniformly mixing the soybean urease crude extracting solution with desertification soil needing to be recovered, adding a moss-algae crust cementing solution into the surface layer of the mixed desertification soil, and curing for a period of time to realize the solidification of the desertification soil and the moss-algae crust on the surface layer. On the basis of microorganism mineralization induced sand stabilization, the bryophyllum crust is further applied to the soil surface to enhance the compressive strength of the soil surface, so that the strength of the desertification soil can be effectively recovered, and meanwhile, the bryophyllum crust also enables the desertification soil to be covered by moss and algae again, and the nutrients and environment of the soil are recovered.

The application discloses a kind of composite materials for 3D printing wild animal skeleton, which is composed of composite nanoparticles of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, and is prepared by a combined method of biomimetic in-situ synthesis-solvent thermal phase inversion-spray drying method.The composite material has high specific surface area and excellent fluidity, and can be used for 3D printing wild animal skeleton, with broad market application prospect.

This application relates to the field of marine engineering technology and discloses a marine cofferdam anti-scour structure. The structure includes permanent support piles formed by modifying temporary cofferdam steel pipe piles; a riprap protection body constructed around the support piles; and a capping concrete layer poured on top of the riprap protection body. The riprap protection body is a differentiated structure. In scour hotspot areas calculated based on a hydrodynamic model, its upper riprap layer consists of a mixture of large-diameter boulders and a bio-induced matrix. The bio-induced matrix contains a slow-release marine microbial nutrient binder, which can induce biomineralization in the marine environment to cement loose boulders into a biomimetic reef body with self-healing capabilities. The construction method of this invention correspondingly includes hydrological optimization design and the formation of permanent support piles. This invention achieves precise protection against scour risks through the synergistic optimization of structure and construction method, improving the long-term stability and durability of the cofferdam foundation.

The invention discloses a slope biomineralization protection method and system.The method comprises the steps that a bentonite-carbon nano tube composite carrier, a signal capsule and a reaction capsule are prepared, the bentonite-carbon nano tube composite carrier is obtained by treating ultrasonically-dispersed bentonite and multi-wall carbon nano tubes according to a preset mixing proportion, and the signal capsule and the reaction capsule are filled with the bentonite-carbon nano tube composite carrier; the specific surface area of the bentonite-carbon nanotube composite carrier is 800 to 1000 m / g; combining the bentonite-carbon nanotube composite carrier with the germination capsule to obtain the germination capsule containing the composite carrier; mixing the signal capsule, the reaction capsule and the germination capsule containing the composite carrier with graded fine sand and chopped basalt fiber to obtain a capsule-aggregate mixture; and the capsule-aggregate mixture is laid on the surface of the slope, planting soil is covered, vegetation is planted, and three-level time sequence repair is triggered through rainwater infiltration. The stability and the high efficiency of slope biomineralization protection are improved.

The test device comprises a supporting frame and a test cylinder installed at the upper end of the supporting frame, a permeable base plate is detachably connected to the position, close to an opening in the lower end of the test cylinder, of the inner wall of the test cylinder, and a multi-stage inverted filter layer is detachably connected to the upper end of the permeable base plate; a plurality of monitoring assemblies and thermocouples are arranged on the inner wall of the test cylinder, a lower end opening of the test cylinder is communicated with a liquid guide hopper in a matched mode, a negative pressure regulation and control assembly is arranged on one side of the supporting frame, a water spraying assembly is detachably connected to the upper end of the outer wall of the test cylinder, a liquid supply assembly is arranged on the other side of the supporting frame, and a micropore injection and infiltration assembly is arranged on one side of the water spraying assembly. A plurality of guide grooves are formed in the inner wall of the test cylinder, the outer wall of the test cylinder is wrapped with a temperature control assembly, and a control cabinet is installed on one side of the upper end of the supporting frame. According to the invention, the unsaturated infiltration process under complex natural conditions such as rainfall and underground water level change can be simulated, slurry can be uniformly distributed in a soil body, and the discreteness of a mineralization effect is reduced.

The invention discloses a side slope biomineralization protection system and method based on a double-response type signal capsule, and the method comprises the steps: preparing the double-response type signal capsule, a germination capsule and a reaction capsule respectively, a wall material of the double-response type signal capsule is obtained by mixing poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and xanthan gum according to a preset proportion; mixing the double-response signal capsule, the germination capsule and the reaction capsule with graded fine sand and chopped basalt fiber to obtain a capsule-aggregate mixture; the capsule-aggregate mixture is laid on the surface of the slope, planting soil is covered, vegetation is planted, and when the preset temperature-water content condition is met, slope time sequence repairing is triggered. According to the scheme, the temperature and the moisture can be responded at the same time, and the complex climatic environment can be accurately adapted.

This invention discloses a cerium-doped diatom-based silicon-carbon anode material, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the technical field of lithium battery anode materials and their preparation. Using a diatom shell as a framework, a bio-doping method is employed. When the diatoms grow to the early logarithmic phase in a culture medium, cerium ammonium nitrate is added to the diatom culture medium for co-cultivation. The co-cultivated diatom shells are then calcined at high temperature to obtain the cerium-doped diatom-based silicon-carbon anode material. This invention employs a two-stage cultivation strategy, introducing cerium ammonium nitrate after the diatoms have reached the early logarithmic phase to avoid toxic inhibition during the growth-sensitive period. Simultaneously, it utilizes the efficient absorption and doping capabilities of diatoms during the active biomineralization phase, achieving a balance between high doping efficiency and structural integrity. This method utilizes the biomineralization capabilities of diatoms to achieve uniform elemental doping, resulting in a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly process; providing a new approach for the development of high-performance silicon-carbon anode materials.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedicine and nano crossing, and particularly relates to a biomineralization-based nucleic acid aptamer functionalized DNA nano-structure compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound has a tetrahedral structure and comprises a functional DNA tetrahedral framework and a calcium phosphate coating coated on the surface of the functional DNA tetrahedral framework, the functionalized DNA tetrahedral framework is formed by self-assembly of four DNA single chains; wherein the 5'end of one DNA single chain is modified with a nucleic acid aptamer. The bionic calcium coating is used as a protective shell, so that the in-vivo stability and the angiogenesis promoting activity of the Apt02 are remarkably improved. Meanwhile, by virtue of the specific spatial configuration of the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure, the compound can release calcium ions after being taken by cells, so that osteogenic differentiation is further promoted, and a new strategy for synergistic promotion is provided for vascularized bone regeneration.

The utility model discloses a reactor for removing arsenic by biological mineralization of a water body, and belongs to the technical field of arsenic-containing water body treatment. The reactor is based on Fe < 2 + > oxidizing bacteria biomineralization, comprises a spraying aeration water distribution module and a biomineralization module, and can utilize functional microbial bacteria to be attached to a filter material to form a biological membrane, so that oxidation precipitation of Fe < 2 + > in a water body is accelerated, and efficient arsenic removal is realized. Meanwhile, a Fe < 2 + > supplementing module can also be included and is suitable for arsenic-containing underground water with different water quality conditions; and the backwashing module can effectively remove intercepted free iron oxide and ensure stable and efficient operation of the reactor. The equipment has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high treatment efficiency, small occupied area, low operation cost, energy conservation, environment friendliness, easiness in maintenance, flexibility in adjustment, wide application range and the like, the effluent quality meets the national drinking water quality standard, and the equipment has a wide application prospect.

The present application relates to the technical field of embankment reinforcement and widening, and provides an embankment widening construction method based on biological mineralization and reinforcement cooperation. The present application combines the micro-cementation of enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in the inclusion body with the macro-constraint of geogrid to form a "friction-cement" composite interface, which greatly improves the shear and impermeability of the new and old roadbed combination surface. At the same time, the synergistically enhanced transition zone as a stiffness coordination layer can effectively homogenize the load and absorb the differential deformation, thereby inhibiting uneven settlement and preventing reflection cracks. The present application spatially couples and functionally cooperates the micro-cementation strengthening ability of enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation with the macro-reinforcement constraint ability of geogrid, fundamentally improves the weak area of the widened embankment, and significantly improves the integrity and long-term stability of the widened embankment.

The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing calcium-based biominerals, particularly hydroxyapatite (found in vertebrate bones and teeth) and calcium carbonate (found in plankton and corals). This fully biocompatible mineralization strategy not only offer fundamental insights into the biomineralization process, starting from mineral ions to amorphous precursors and eventually to specific minerals, but also contributes to our scientific understanding of life's origin. Furthermore, it showcases great promise for therapeutic applications, such as actively repairing damaged tooth enamel and promoting bone growth.

This invention provides a method for mineralizing and recovering dysprosium ions from Bacillus pasteurellii, comprising the following steps: 1) Cell culture: Activated Bacillus pasteurellii is inoculated into CASO liquid medium and cultured for 22-26 hours, then centrifuged to collect the cell bodies; 2) Induced mineralization of Bacillus pasteurellii: The cell bodies collected in step 1) are mixed with a calcium source, urea, and dysprosium ions (Dysprosium). 3+ The dysprosium-containing precipitate was obtained by incubation with an inducing solution and filtration. This invention belongs to the field of bio-environmental protection technology. The method for mineralizing and recovering dysprosium ions using Bacillus pasteurellium provided by this invention can efficiently mineralize rare earth ions Dysprosium. 3+ No need to deal with Dy 3+ After pretreatment of the solution and biomineralization, the dysprosium-containing precipitate can be directly obtained by filtration without centrifugation, making the operation simple. 3+ The recovery rate is as high as 98.4%.

The invention discloses a porous catalyst based on a biomineralization template, a composite catalytic membrane and preparation and application thereof, and the porous catalyst is prepared by the following method: adding a metal chloride into a transition metal salt solution, then adding the biomineralization template, and stirring in a water bath for reaction; after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration and drying, and grinding to obtain solid powder; wherein the biomineralization template is selected from one or two of waste pearls and shells; and fully calcining the solid powder in an air or nitrogen atmosphere, naturally cooling the solid powder to room temperature, and washing and drying the solid powder to obtain the porous catalyst based on the biomineralization template. According to the porous catalyst based on the biomineralization template, the magnesium oxide or zinc oxide loaded Co or Cu porous catalyst is synthesized through high-temperature conversion and washing of the biological template, and the performance efficiency of degrading organic pollutants can be improved. The method adopts simple dipping and calcining methods for preparation, and the process flow is short.

The present application provides a microbial mineralization rehabilitation method and system for coastal salinization disturbed soil and application, relates to the soil improvement technical field, carries out regional disturbance comparative analysis to the coastal salinization region, obtains characteristic disturbance extraction data, carries out weight and influence analysis to the characteristic disturbance extraction data, obtains characteristic disturbance proportion analysis data, and then obtains disturbance collection analysis data;According to the structure improvement operation and the structure improvement of the characteristic disturbance proportion analysis data to the coastal salinization disturbed soil and the improvement comparative analysis of the improvement, improvement comparative analysis data are obtained, and the improvement factor adjustment data are obtained according to the improvement comparative analysis data, the disturbance improvement adjustment data are obtained according to the improvement factor adjustment, and the accuracy and intelligence of soil improvement are greatly enhanced through the present application.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomineralization, in particular to a biomineralization radial solidification sandy soil hollow cylinder sample preparation device which comprises a base, an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the bottoms of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are coaxially arranged on the base in a sealed mode, a cover plate is arranged on the tops of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder in a sealed mode, and a sample preparation cavity is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. A plurality of grouting holes are uniformly formed in the side walls, close to the sample preparation cavity, of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder at intervals in a staggered mode, urease or a bacterial solution and a cementing solution are injected into the grouting holes of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder respectively, an electroosmosis device is arranged on the cover plate, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electroosmosis device are electrically connected with the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder respectively. The urease or bacteria solution with negative charges moves towards the positive electrode, and the cementing liquid with positive charges moves towards the negative electrode. Slurry is uniformly injected into the hollow cylinder sample, and the soil body reinforcing effect is improved.

The invention discloses a microorganism synergistic mineralization concrete crack self-repairing material as well as preparation and application thereof. The self-repairing material comprises a composite porous carrier loaded with a microorganism synergistic mineralizing agent and layered double hydroxides, the composite porous carrier comprises diatomite, silt with the particle size of 100-200 [mu] m and nutrient substances; the microorganism synergistic mineralizing agent comprises bacillus alcalophilus with mineralizing ability; the layered double hydroxide is a MgAl-C3H5O3 <-> type layered double hydroxide or a ZnAl-C3H5O3 <-> type layered double hydroxide; during application, the concrete crack self-repairing material is uniformly mixed with other components of concrete according to the proportion. The calcium carbonate sediment generated by microorganism mineralization seals cracks to form a physical barrier for preventing seawater corrosion, and the layered double hydroxide fixes corrosive ions, inhibits steel bar corrosion and forms a chemical barrier for enhancing structural durability.

The application provides a single-chain super-small fluorescent polymer nanodot modified Bacillus subtilis derived nanometer calcium carbonate composite material (SC-PNPs@CaCO3) as a high-sensitivity fluorescent sensing platform for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity detection. The composite material is synthesized through biological mineralization of Bacillus subtilis, the free radical polymerization method is used to prepare the SC-PNPs with positive charges on the surface, and a stable fluorescent sensing system is constructed through self-assembly. Coenzyme A (CoA) is generated in the ChAT catalytic reaction, which can significantly quench the fluorescent signal of the material, realize high-sensitivity detection of the ChAT activity change, and the detection limit reaches 0.00074 mU / mL. The fluorescent sensing platform can realize real-time monitoring of the ChAT activity change, and reveal the regulation effect of the cholinergic signal pathway in the repair process in a skin repair model. The application provides an innovative technical means for choline acetyltransferase activity analysis, and provides a new research direction for exploring the function of the cholinergic system in skin repair and other physiological and pathological processes.

The utility model discloses a device for repairing pipe pile concrete cracks through low-temperature microorganism mineralization. The device comprises a first heat preservation barrel, a second heat preservation barrel, an acrylic plate, a gear pump and an air pump. The first heat preservation barrel and the second heat preservation barrel are filled with microorganism grouting bacteria liquid and cementing liquid respectively, two grouting holes are formed in the lower end of the acrylic plate, a liquid drainage hole is formed in the upper end of the acrylic plate, and the input ends of the two independent gear pumps are immersed in the liquid contained in the first heat preservation barrel and the liquid contained in the second heat preservation barrel respectively. The output ends of the two independent gear pumps are respectively connected with two grouting holes in the lower end of the acrylic plate; and the air outlet end of the air pump is immersed in the microorganism grouting bacteria liquid contained in the first heat preservation barrel. The device is convenient to mount and dismount, can be recycled, can completely meet the requirement of a microbial mineralization technology repair test for the concrete cracks of the tubular pile under the low-temperature condition, ensures the stable proceeding of research work, and is suitable for further popularization and application.

The invention discloses a refractory sewage treatment process based on EBIS and improved BAF coupling, and relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, EBIS effluent enters an intermediate sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation, part of precipitated sludge flows back to an inlet of an EBIS reactor to maintain high biological concentration, and residual sludge is discharged; the method comprises the following steps of: feeding a supernatant into an improved BAF (Biological Aerated Filter), filling the improved BAF with a porous modified composite filter material, and forming a stable biological membrane activated carbon composite functional layer on the surface of the filter material by adopting a pulse intermittent aeration and air-water backwashing linkage mode so as to perform deep adsorption and synchronous nitrification and denitrification biomineralization on intermediate metabolites in EBIS effluent. Through efficient coupling of the EBIS and the improved BAF, stage treatment and deep purification of the refractory industrial wastewater are realized, and the problems of low treatment efficiency, poor stability and high energy consumption of a single process and a traditional coupling process are effectively solved.

This invention provides a method for filling reconstituted bamboo using biomineralization technology, belonging to the field of engineered wood product manufacturing technology. The invention involves placing reconstituted bamboo blanks in a urease-producing microbial solution for vacuum soaking and atmospheric pressure soaking to obtain pretreated reconstituted bamboo blanks. The pretreated reconstituted bamboo is then mineralized and filled using a cementing solution and dried to obtain the treated reconstituted bamboo. This invention utilizes microorganisms to directly "grow" inorganic minerals (calcium carbonate) within the microporous network of the reconstituted bamboo, achieving precise and efficient filling from the molecular level to the micron-level pores. The interface is a natural biomineralized interface with excellent compatibility.

The invention relates to the technical field of water-preserved mining of coal mines, and discloses a system and method for repairing overlying strata water flowing fractures through microbial mineralization, and the system comprises a mineralization repairing agent preparation unit which is used for preparing a mineralization repairing agent based on a microbial bacterial solution, a mineralization precursor solution, a carbon source solution, a nutrient solution and / or a water chemical adjusting solution, the microorganisms adopt bacillus microorganisms with urea hydrolysis or carbonate mineralization capability; and the fracture injection unit is used for injecting the mineralization repairing agent into the overlying strata water diversion fracture zone between the mining coal seam and the shallow underground water. A biological-mineral composite flexible water-blocking structure can be formed in a repairing area, has interface adhesiveness and certain flexibility, can cooperatively deform along with slow sinking of overlying strata and the earth surface and stress adjustment, reduces secondary cracking and seepage channel reactivation, weakens the water guiding capacity among an underlying goaf, a working face and an overlying aquifer, and meanwhile, improves the water-blocking performance of the working face and the overlying aquifer. The water loss of shallow groundwater is reduced, and reliable technical support is provided for water-preserved mining under the aquifer.

The invention discloses a multi-stage collaborative ecological bank protection structure suitable for a water level change area and a construction method of the multi-stage collaborative ecological bank protection structure. The multi-stage collaborative ecological bank protection structure sequentially comprises a gradient riprap protection area, a composite collaborative water level change area, a stepped ecological purification area and a slope base protection zone from a water area to a land area, the slope base protection belt is arranged along the slope surface on one side of the stepped ecological purification area, the slope base protection belt comprises a geogrid and biomineralization improved soil, the geogrid is embedded into the soil body of the slope surface, and a urease generating microbial inoculum is mixed in the biomineralization improved soil. According to the invention, a stable, purified and ecological integrated system is formed through slope surface foundation stabilization, onshore sewage interception and intermediate purification, so that the problem of single function of the traditional bank protection is solved, and the onshore and in-water dual pollution control is communicated with the land and water ecological corridor.

The invention discloses a standardized evaluation method for shell hardness of crassostrea gigas, and belongs to the field of aquatic shellfish mechanical phenotype determination and biomineralization material performance detection. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out cleaning pretreatment on double shells of crassostrea gigas; respectively determining the longest axis and the widest axis in the contours of the left shell and the right shell, constructing an orthogonal reference cross axis, axially arranging three standardized measurement sites of the left shell and the right shell at positions about 5mm away from the inner sides of the edges of the shells, and marking the standardized measurement sites; cutting the marked area to obtain a flat shell sample; applying a load of about 10 gf to each measurement site by using a Vickers microhardness tester, maintaining the pressure for about 10 seconds, and carrying out multiple indentation tests to obtain an original hardness value; carrying out abnormal value elimination and mean value calculation on the data to obtain representative hardness values of all sites; and further comprehensively calculating representative hardness values of six sites of the left shell and the right shell, and constructing an individual comprehensive shell hardness index. Compared with an existing single-point or random sampling measurement method, the method has the advantages that the problems of irregular shell shapes, asymmetry of left shells and right shells and the like of oysters are considered, and the accuracy and repeatability of oyster hardness phenotype measurement are remarkably improved through standardization of measurement sites and multi-site high-repetition measurement. The method can be widely applied to the fields of oyster stress resistance evaluation, marine acidification, environmental monitoring and the like, provides possibility for accurate phenotype determination in GWAS and QTL positioning in breeding, and has a huge application prospect.