89results about "Superphosphates" patented technology

The present disclosure provides integral nutrients to provide to crops in order to increase their yield. More particularly, the disclosure provides a granulated agricultural composition comprising a macronutrient in combination with a micronutrient, as well as methods for its preparation and use.

Dispersible activated bauxite granules are disclosed and methods for forming dispersible activated bauxite granules are disclosed in which bauxite is activated by a granulation process.

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-survival-rate seedling transplanting method. The transplanting method comprises the following steps: classifying and screening nursery stocks to obtain screened nursery stocks; lifting the screened seedlings according to a preset soil ball diameter to obtain a seedling transport body; loading the nursery stock transportation body into a container containing a pretreated nursery substrate (perlite, dried chicken manure, peat soil, straw and decomposed sweet potato seedlings) to obtain a nursery stock transplanting body; transferring the nursery stock transplanting body into the planting ditch for bed arrangement operation to obtain a nursery stock transplanting bed body; performing early-stage management on the nursery stock transplanting bed body to obtain a nursery stock bed; in the early-stage management, a compound organic fertilizer (rape seed cake, sheep manure, humic acid, wheat straw, bentonite, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and water) is used for additional fertilization; transplanting and planting the nursery stock bed to obtain transplanted nursery stocks. According to the method, by constructing a technical closed loop of root system microenvironment restoration, gradient adaptation and precise nutrition, the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings can be effectively increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a yellow soil improvement method based on green manure and charcoal. The yellow soil improvement method based on green manure and charcoal comprises the following steps: planting common vetch in yellow soil in the fourth quarter of the first year; in the second quarter of the next year, the grown vicia sativa seedlings and the charcoal are turned and pressed together, base fertilizer is applied, and preliminary improvement of the yellow soil is achieved; crops are planted into the yellow soil after preliminary improvement, first topdressing is applied after a first time interval to achieve secondary improvement of the yellow soil, second topdressing is applied after a second time interval to achieve tertiary improvement of the yellow soil, and nutrients, aggregate stability and enzyme activity of the yellow soil are obviously improved through the tertiary improvement. The problems that existing yellow soil is viscous and heavy in texture, poor in tilling performance, low in natural fertility, high in acidity and relatively low in water and fertilizer retention capacity, soil exchangeable salt bases are remarkably lacked, the salt base saturation degree is generally smaller than 20%, and the nitrogen leaching loss phenomenon of the yellow soil is serious are solved.

The invention provides an organic improver for improving soil structure stability and an improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of improvement of specific waste soil of a refuse landfill. The organic improver for improving the soil structure stability comprises a physical improvement component and a chemical improvement component, the physical improvement component is wormcast with the particle size of 0 to 2.5 mm or 2.5 to 5.0 mm; the chemical improvement component comprises an inorganic base fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, and the application mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic base fertilizer is (50: 1)-(40: 1). A physical-chemical coupling synergistic scheme is adopted, physical improvement components and chemical improvement components are clear in division of labor and have synergistic interaction, the core problems of soil physical structure hardening and chemical fertility deficiency are synchronously solved, the defect of single improvement effect in the prior art is overcome, and synchronous optimization of soil physical properties and chemical fertility is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and relates to a compound fertilizer for black beans as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound fertilizer comprises a basic fertilizer, a microbial fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer, and a preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: treating lignite with sophorolipid and trehalose lipid, treating turf with surfactin, mixing the treated lignite and turf, and then inoculating bacillus subtilis and rhizobium to obtain the microbial fertilizer. Through a unique dual mechanism of carrier synergism and fungicide function complementation, the dry matter cumulant and nitrogen cumulant of the overground part of the black bean are remarkably increased, and finally the yield and quality are remarkably improved.

The application discloses a preparation method of a silicate cement porous vegetation concrete material, and comprises the following steps: calcining coal-based kaolin to obtain activated coal-based kaolin; adding the activated coal-based kaolin and a water reducing agent into mixing water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to form an activated coal-based kaolin suspension; weighing silicate cement, concrete recycled aggregates and fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to form dry materials; uniformly mixing the activated coal-based kaolin suspension and the dry materials, and loading into a mold for forming; and performing film covering and curing. The application is free from the low-alkalinity porous vegetation concrete system of a sulphoaluminate cement used in the preparation of a porous vegetation concrete in the prior art, and utilizes the activated coal-based kaolin after calcination and ultrasonic treatment as a main alkali-reducing agent to reduce the alkalinity of the silicate cement according to the condition that coal-based kaolin resources are rich, and the activated coal-based kaolin is matched with the fertilizer and the concrete recycled aggregates to provide a new material with rich raw material sources and low cost for ecological protection of a slope and a bank.

Disclosed is a fertilizer containing a mixture containing i) calcium ammonium phosphate (CaNH4PO4), magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4), or a combination of CaNH4PO4 and MgNH4PO4 and ii) a mixture of calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ca(SO4)2), a mixture of magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mg(SO4)2), or a combination of the (NH4)2Ca(SO4)2, and the (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2. Methods of making and using the fertilizer are also disclosed.

This invention relates to the field of fertilizer production technology, specifically to a segmented ripening preparation process for low-free-acid, high-water-soluble superphosphate; the process includes the following steps: feeding phosphate rock powder into a ball mill for grinding to a particle size ≤120 mesh, preparing 93%±0.5% industrial sulfuric acid; adding phosphate rock powder at a molar ratio of available P2O5 to sulfuric acid of 1:1.05~1:1.07, adding 0.3%~0.5% (by weight of phosphate rock powder) of a modifying agent, and reacting at 65~70℃ for 40~50 minutes. In the later stage of the reaction, low-pressure steam of 0.2 MPa is introduced; staged maturation is carried out, first in a closed chamber at 55~60℃ for 24 hours, and then in a ventilated chamber at 45~50℃ and a wind speed of 0.8~1.0 m / s for 48 hours; granulation and screening are carried out, with the granulation drum rotating at 14~16 r / min and tilted at an angle of 3°~5°; through the above methods, the problems of high free acid, low proportion of water-soluble phosphorus and insufficient production efficiency in traditional processes are solved, and the product quality and production capacity are synergistically improved.

The invention relates to a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement, and the conditioner comprises furfural residues, a deadwood fermented organic fertilizer, a microbial agent, a protein material and calcium superphosphate. Experimental results show that the conditioner can significantly improve the physical structure of saline-alkali soil, the porosity is increased to 90% or above, the field moisture capacity is increased by 40-80%, and the soil moisture content is greatly increased. Meanwhile, in planting of saline-alkali tolerant plants such as caragana microphylla and Sadong green, the seedling rate of the F2 group formula applying the conditioner is increased to 45-55%, and growth indexes such as plant height, stem diameter and root development of the plants are remarkably superior to those of a control group. The method realizes resource utilization of industrial wastes, has the advantages of good improvement effect, low cost, environmental friendliness, simple process and the like, and is suitable for rapid improvement and ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil.

The invention discloses a soil preparation method based on molesey coal gangue and application, and relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization and soil improvement. The purpose of the invention is to solve the problems of environmental pollution, resource waste, poor adaptability of coal gangue soil preparation, poor improvement effect and incomplete removal of harmful impurities caused by accumulation of the mossy system coal gangue in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: 1, pretreating the molery-series coal gangue; 2, mixing and improving; 3, microbial inoculation and curing; and 4, planting adaptive adjustment. The prepared soil is applied to mine land reclamation and agricultural planting soil improvement. According to the method, resource utilization of the mossy system coal gangue is effectively achieved, the prepared soil has the advantages of being appropriate in fertility, good in water and fertilizer retention, free of secondary pollution and the like, meanwhile, the soil preparation cost is reduced, remarkable economic, social and environmental benefits are achieved, and the method can be widely applied to the fields of mining area land reclamation, agricultural planting soil improvement and the like.

The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for food crops as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic and microbial fertilizers. The compound fertilizer comprises a basic fertilizer and an organic biological fertilizer source, wherein the basic fertilizer is prepared from sulfur coated urea, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, sodium metasilicate and oyster shell powder; the organic biological fertilizer source is composed of a vinasse fermentation product, a microbial activity protective agent and lignosulfonate. The vinasse fermented product is prepared by carrying out three-stage solid state fermentation on vinasse by adopting a compound bacterium suspension consisting of mycobacillus halophilus and ocean sediment vesicular bacillus. Through synergistic fermentation of functional strains, compounding of a microbial active protective agent and introduction of a slow-release nitrogen source and stress-resistant components, synergistic interaction of efficient release of nutrients, soil improvement and improvement of crop stress resistance is realized. The compound fertilizer is suitable for grain crops such as wheat and rice, can remarkably improve root activity, yield and stress resistance, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a tank type fermentation process capable of realizing collaborative emission reduction of NH3, N2O and CH4. The tank type fermentation process comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating raw materials; s2, material introduction; s3, supplementing materials; and S4, continuous fermentation. The process has the advantages of obvious environmental benefit, realization of collaborative emission reduction of greenhouse gas and odor, final reduction of the compost load, high resource utilization efficiency, realization of closed-loop circulation of water and fertilizer, reuse of nutrient-rich leachate as a nitrogen fixation carrier, realization of zero liquid discharge and nutrient in-situ recovery, increase of the total nutrient content of a compost product, and realization of environmental protection and environmental protection. The nitrogen loss is greatly reduced, and beneficial components such as zeolite and pyroligneous liquor are added, so that the content of organic matters and nutrients of the finished compost is high, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is high, essential elements for promoting plant growth are contained, and the commodity value is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a wild jujube and rhizoma atractylodis interplanting method, and belongs to the technical field of wild jujube and rhizoma atractylodis interplanting, the method comprises the following steps: interplanting rhizoma atractylodis between rows after wild jujube transplanting, planting the rhizoma atractylodis at small intervals during rhizoma atractylodis interplanting, then applying a water and fertilizer competitive agent in rhizoma atractylodis planting holes close to wild jujube planting, and applying the water and fertilizer competitive agent on rhizosphere soil surface during later topdressing, furthermore, the water and fertilizer competitive agent applied in the planting holes can adsorb and intercept nutrients and moisture at the rhizosphere of the rhizoma atractylodis, so that the competitive absorption of the rhizoma atractylodis to the moisture and the nutrients is improved, the good growth of the rhizoma atractylodis and the wild jujube planted at a close interval is ensured, the land utilization rate is better improved, the planting amount of the rhizoma atractylodis is increased, the normal growth condition of the rhizoma atractylodis can be ensured, and the economic benefit is increased. Therefore, yield and income of the interplanted rhizoma atractylodis are increased, and the method has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a special carbon-based assembled functional fertilizer for corn based on soil fertility matching, which is divided into three systems according to the content of organic matters in soil: when the content of the organic matters in the soil is less than 15g / kg, a high-biomass-charcoal low-organic-fertilizer formula is adopted; when the content of organic matters in the soil is 15-25 g / kg, an organic fertilizer formula in the biomass charcoal is adopted; when the content of organic matters in the soil is greater than 25 g / kg, a low-biomass charcoal high-organic fertilizer formula is adopted. The invention also discloses a preparation method and an application method thereof. According to the invention, 'fertilizer fixation due to soil and accurate regulation and control 'are realized, the soil structure can be effectively improved, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is balanced, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, and the growth of corn is promoted.

There is provided herein a mineral phosphate ash fertilizer comprising a NAC solubility of at least 90% of total amount of P2O5 and a water solubility of 15-80% of the total amount of P2O5.

The invention discloses a Portland cement porous vegetation concrete material preparation method, which comprises: calcining coal series kaolin to obtain activated coal series kaolin; adding the activated coal series kaolinite and a water reducing agent into the mixing water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to form activated coal series kaolinite suspension; weighing the Portland cement, the concrete recycled aggregate and the fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to form a dry material; uniformly mixing the activated coal series kaolinite suspension and the dry material, and loading the mixture into a template for molding; and laminating and curing. According to the preparation method, a sulphoaluminate cement low-alkalinity porous vegetation concrete system adopted in the conventional preparation of porous vegetation concrete is separated, and according to the condition that coal series kaolin resources are rich, activated coal series kaolin subjected to calcination and ultrasonic treatment is used as a main alkalinity reducing agent to reduce the alkalinity of Portland cement; the fertilizer and the concrete recycled aggregate are matched, so that a new material with rich raw material sources and low cost is provided for ecological protection of side slopes and embankments.

The invention discloses a nano zeolite coupled biomass charcoal-based slow release fertilizer suitable for acidic rice soil, a preparation method and application, and aims to solve the problems of low pH value, high methane emission flux, low nutrient utilization rate and the like of the acidic rice soil. By constructing a nano zeolite-biomass charcoal-slow release fertilizer-silicon fertilizer synergistic regulation system, the stability of organic carbon in soil and the slow release capacity of nutrients are improved by utilizing a composite material formed by embedding nano zeolite into pores of biomass charcoal; the alkalinity and physiological functions of the silicon fertilizer are used for improving the soil pH and the oxygen secreting capacity of the rice root system, and cooperative emission reduction is achieved through the two paths of inhibiting methane generation and promoting methane oxidation. Field test results show that the pH value of acidic rice soil can be increased by 0.5-1.5 units in a rice growing season, the accumulated emission of methane is reduced by 27%-40%, and the rice yield is increased by 12%-20%. The invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, simple process, good operability and the like, and can realize the synergistic effect of acid soil improvement, carbon sequestration and emission reduction and crop yield and efficiency increase.

The invention discloses a process for quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure in combination with high-temperature pretreatment, which comprises the following steps: controlling the water content of the livestock and poultry manure to be less than or equal to 85%, mixing the livestock and poultry manure with a fermentation auxiliary material to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then blending the fermentation raw material to obtain a blended fermentation raw material; performing high-temperature pretreatment on the blended fermentation raw material at the temperature of 80-90 DEG C for 2-4 hours, and stirring and ventilating to obtain a pretreated fermentation raw material; carrying out maturing composting on the pretreated fermentation raw material, controlling the oxygen concentration in a pile body to be greater than or equal to 8%, and obtaining a rapidly matured fermentation raw material after 3-25 days; and then performing post-decomposition on the quickly decomposed fermentation raw material, controlling the oxygen concentration in the pile body to be greater than or equal to 5%, and completing the treatment of the livestock and poultry manure after 15-20 days. According to the process disclosed by the invention, the raw materials are subjected to ultrahigh-temperature heat treatment at 85 DEG C or above for 2-4 hours and then are subjected to matured composting, so that the raw materials can be fully biodegraded, and the formation of humic substances is accelerated.

The present invention relates to a method for combined recovery of phosphate and nitrogen from sewage sludge. The core objective of the present invention is to recover phosphorus from sewage sludge ash and convert phosphorus into NP fertilizer diammonium phosphate using steam from sewage sludge drying and nitrogen from liquid manure.

The application belongs to the field of phosphate fertilizer, and particularly relates to a controlled-release phosphate fertilizer, which comprises a core, an intermediate layer for coating the core, and a shell layer for coating the intermediate layer; the core contains phosphate fertilizer; the intermediate layer material is biochar and a phosphorus source adsorbed by the biochar; and the shell layer material is a material obtained by heat treatment of the intermediate layer material; the application further comprises preparation and application of the controlled-release phosphate fertilizer; in the application, biochar mixed with phosphate fertilizer is used as the core, biochar adsorbed with a phosphorus source is used as the intermediate transition layer, and a heat-treated material of biochar adsorbed with a phosphorus source is used as the shell layer material; through joint control of the materials and the special hierarchical structure, the composition and structure are synergized, the phosphorus is transferred from inside to outside in stages, the slow-release effect of the phosphorus is effectively improved, and in addition, the slow-release behavior of the phosphorus can be conveniently regulated based on the use requirements of different plants, so that the controlled slow release of the phosphate fertilizer is realized.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic sintered fertilizer using sludge and biogas residue as main materials and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, and uniformly mixing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer; (2) weighing the sludge cake and the biogas residue, and uniformly mixing the sludge cake and the biogas residue to obtain a mixture A; uniformly mixing the mixture A with an inorganic fertilizer to obtain a mixture B; and (3) mixing the mixture B with calcium powder, extruding the mixture to prepare columnar particles, drying the columnar particles in a constant-temperature drying box, putting the columnar particles into a muffle furnace, carrying out oxygen-isolated pyrolysis at 400-450 DEG C for 60-70 minutes, and carrying out curing treatment to obtain the stable organic-inorganic sintered fertilizer. According to the organic-inorganic sintered fertilizer, the municipal sludge is used as a main raw material, the biogas residues are used as a mixed auxiliary material, the organic-inorganic sintered fertilizer is not subjected to a fermentation and decomposition step, and the organic-inorganic sintered fertilizer contains a large amount of cellulose materials, so that the organic-inorganic sintered fertilizer is beneficial to nutrient storage and retention, is also beneficial to improvement of soil physical properties and soil microflora, and can promote resource utilization.

The invention provides a large-particle fertilizer application method for desertified soil of an orchard in a Yellow River old road region. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a large-particle fertilizer and an organic fertilizer; applying fertilizer in autumn: using a ditcher to operate at the water drip of the crown of the fruit tree between rows to obtain strip-shaped ditches, applying the large-particle fertilizer and the organic fertilizer into the strip-shaped ditches, and earthing and watering; topdressing in spring: operating at two sides of the water drip of the crown of the fruit tree between the rows by using a hole digger to obtain holes, applying the large-particle fertilizer into the holes, and earthing and watering. According to the method for applying the large-particle fertilizer to the desertified soil of the orchard in the Yellow River old road region, the large-particle fertilizer is accurately applied to the root zone of the fruit tree in a furrow or hole application mode, and the fertilizer slowly releases nutrients in the root zone, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is remarkably increased, the topdressing frequency is reduced, and finally the high yield and stable yield of the fruit tree are achieved.

The invention discloses a special mixed fertilizer for flue-cured tobaccos and a use method thereof, the flue-cured tobaccos per mu comprise the following components by weight: 12-16 kg of urea with a nitrogen content of 45-47%, 59-71 kg of calcium superphosphate with a phosphorus content of 11-13% and 29-36 kg of potassium sulfate with a potassium oxide content of 49-51%, and the use method of the mulched flue-cured tobaccos per mu comprises the following steps of: adding the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate to the mulched flue-cured tobaccos per mu; comprising the following steps: applying 2.5-5.5 kg of urea in the special flue-cured tobacco mixed fertilizer within 10 days after tobacco planting, applying 4.5-7.5 kg of potassium sulfate in the special flue-cured tobacco mixed fertilizer within 19-21 days after tobacco planting, uniformly mixing the rest of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and applying after transplanting. Comprising the following steps: applying 3.5-6.5 kg of urea in the special flue-cured tobacco mixed fertilizer within 10 days after tobacco planting, applying 6.5-8.5 kg of potassium sulfate in the special flue-cured tobacco mixed fertilizer within 19-21 days after tobacco planting, uniformly mixing the rest of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and applying after transplanting. Therefore, precise adaptive fertilization can be realized, the growth and quality of tobacco leaves are improved, and the use flexibility is enhanced.

The invention discloses a carbon library optimized mixed soil conditioner for loess plateau orchards and application. The carbon library optimized mixed soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 220 to 230 kg.ha-1 of urea, 130 to 140 kg.ha-1 of calcium superphosphate, 130 to 140 kg.ha-1 of potassium sulfate, 20 to 25 t.ha-1 of decomposed sheep manure and 5 to 10 t.ha-1 of apple branch derived biochar. The mass ratio of the decomposed sheep manure to the apple branch derived biochar is (25-35): 1. Through the ternary collaborative innovative design of the chemical fertilizer, the decomposed sheep manure and the apple branch derived biochar, breakthrough optimization of the carbon library function is achieved aiming at the loess plateau orchard soil core pain point, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, granular organic carbon, mineral combined organic carbon and other key components are synchronously improved, and the soil quality is improved. And the problem of carbon component imbalance of the traditional modifier is thoroughly solved.

The invention provides a tea garden soil fertility directional cultivation method, and belongs to the field of tea garden planting. According to the invention, the soil structure is synergistically improved through charcoal and a mineral conditioner, the soil conditioner specifically contains 30%-35% of nano biological bamboo charcoal, 25%-30% of decomposed rape seed cakes, 5%-8% of a soil loosening agent and 10%-15% of dolomite powder, and the dolomite powder contains 20%-22% of MgO and 30%-34% of CaO; a tea garden soil fertile plough layer environment is constructed by adopting an organic-inorganic special fertilizer which is N-P2O5-K2O-MgO in a mass ratio of (20-5)-(8-2) and more than or equal to 10% of mineral source-containing potassium fulvic acid in a space-time operation optimized nutrient supply, and combining a'shallow-medium-deep 'multi-gradient tillage mode and an agricultural comprehensive measure of additionally applying an organic fertilizer. The soil permeability and the nutrient utilization rate can be effectively improved, the fertilizer and water retention performance of the soil is enhanced, the microbial activity is promoted, directional cultivation of the soil fertility of the tea garden and remarkable improvement of the yield and quality of the tea leaves are achieved, and the method has wide application prospects and has important significance on green and sustainable development of the tea industry.

Methods for enhancing the growth and / or yield of plants, such as corn and wheat, through the application of one or more phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and one or more lipo-chitooligosaccharides and / or chitooligosaccharides to plant seeds prior to planting.

The invention discloses a composite soil conditioner, which is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 to 25 parts of powdery humic acid, 20 to 25 parts of fulvic acid metal complexes, 10 to 25 parts of jarosite and 5 to 8 parts of lignosulfonate. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the composite soil conditioner. The invention provides a composite soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, jarosite is introduced as a potash fertilizer slow-release carrier, lignosulfonate is added as a bonding and dispersion medium, the composite soil conditioner can realize continuous release of potassium ions, and meanwhile, the potassium ions can be continuously released. After the potassium is released, a residual mineral skeleton and calcium ions and organic matters in the soil generate a cementation effect to jointly promote the formation of a water-stable aggregate structure, so that the synergistic improvement of potassium slow-release supply and soil structure construction is realized.

The present application relates to the field of fertilizer, in particular to a kind of special fertilizer for crop of disease resistance and preparation method thereof, special fertilizer includes nutrient core, microbial inoculant coating, trace element coating from inside to outside;Nutrient core includes nitrogen fertilizer 35-40 parts, phosphorus fertilizer 20-25 parts, potassium fertilizer 15-20 parts, synergist 3-5 parts, molasses 1-1.5 parts by weight;Microbial inoculant coating layer includes liquid microbial inoculant 1-2 parts, microbial protective agent 1-2 parts, microbial inoculant carrier 3-5 parts;Trace element coating layer includes trace element fertilizer 5-10 parts, and wrapping agent 0.8-1.6 parts.The special fertilizer for crop of disease resistance provided in the present application adds trace element by outer wrapping mode, avoids the chemical reaction of metal cation in trace element and phosphate ion in phosphorus fertilizer in the process of fertilizer production, reduces the effectiveness of nutrient composition.