308 results about "Discrete particle" patented technology

A medical device useful for localized delivery of radiation in vivo is provided. The medical device includes a structure including a porous material; and a plurality of discrete particles including a water-insoluble radioactive salt dispersed throughout a substantial portion of the porous material. The water-insoluble radioactive salt is formed by contacting an aqueous radioactive salt solution with a heavy metal water-soluble salt dispersed throughout a substantial portion of the porous material. The heavy metal water-soluble salt can be dispersed in the porous material so that the device can be sterilized and the radioactive material can be loaded in the device in situ, for example, just prior to implantation.

A dental composite having high filler loading and low shrinkage thereby providing good strength and marginal integrity. Through the use of prepolymerized filler particles in combination with a structural filler and a nanofiller, the composite exhibits very low shrinkage and is useful in stress bearing restorations and in cosmetic restorations. The structural filler used is ground to a mean particle size of less than 0.5 μm and the nanofiller has discrete particles of a mean particle size less than 100 nm to improve handling and mechanical characteristics. The prepolymerized filler particles also allow for less viscosity and better handling characteristics of the composite.

The composite material is comprised of a substrate of discrete particles and a network of interconnected mycelia cells bonding the discrete particles together. The composite material is made by inoculating a substrate of discrete particles and a nutrient material with a preselected fungus. The fungus digests the nutrient material over a period of time sufficient to grow hyphae and to allow the hyphae to form a network of interconnected mycelia cells through and around the discrete particles thereby bonding the discrete particles together to form a self-supporting composite material. In another embodiment, the fungus is allowed to grow as a fruiting body out of the substrate and within an enclosure to completely fill the enclosure to form a self-supporting structure.

A method for the detection of fibrin in a source, in particular the in vivo detection of a fibrin in a patient, the method comprising supplying to the source or patient an amount of a detectable reagent comprising a plurality of discrete particles, each of the particles comprising a plurality of layers of carbon and being capable of binding to fibrin; and detecting the presence of the particles in the source. The particles may also comprise a detectable marker encased in said plurality of layers of carbon, the presence of said marker being capable of detection in said source.

Methods and apparatus for the deposition of a source material (10) are disclosed. An atomizer (12) renders a supply of source material (10) into many discrete particles. A force applicator (14) propels the particles in continuous, parallel streams of discrete particles. A collimator (16) controls the direction of flight of the particles in the stream prior to their deposition on a substrate (18). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the viscosity of the particles may be controlled to enable complex depositions of non-conformal or three-dimensional surfaces. The invention also includes a wide variety of substrate treatments which may occur before, during or after deposition. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a virtual or cascade impactor may be employed to remove selected particles from the deposition stream. Also a method and apparatus for maskless deposition of copper lines on a target, specifically relating to localized solution-based deposition of copper using an annular aerosol jet and subsequent material processing using conventional thermal techniques or laser processing.

Proppants for use in fractured or gravel packed/frac packed oil and gas wells are provided with a contaminant removal component to remove one or more of the contaminants found in subterranean water/hydrocarbon from a production well. The water/hydrocarbon cleaning proppant solids may be used as discrete particles in a proppant formulation, as a coating on proppant solids in pores of a porous proppant solid or as part of the proppant's internal structure. The contaminant removal component removes contaminants, especially dissolved contaminants, in the subterranean water or hydrocarbon before the water/hydrocarbon leaves the well. For those contaminant removal components that can be regenerated, such as ion exchange resins, a measured quantity of an acidic regeneration solution can be injected into the fractured stratum for regeneration and recovered when the well resumes production.

A casino chip of a stated value having a central transparent portion with at least one discrete particle therein, such as a precious or semi-precious metallic element. When shaken, the chip simulates the rattling of a pair of dice to a player.

Discrete particles of cellulosic material are flowable and meterable. They are easily dispersible in an aqueous or a dry medium. The particles comprise singulated cellulose fibers that have been densified. The particles have a density of at least 0.3 g/cc.

There is provided, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, a glove having a textured surface or textured foam coating produced by embedding a layer of discrete particles, such as a salt, into a previously formed liquid layer, gelling or curing the layer and dissolving the discrete particles to leave a textured or textured foamed surface.

A fertilizer composition including a base fertilizer granule with a barrier coating and one or more micronutrients. The base fertilizer material is coated with a barrier coating, and then a coating of one or more micronutrients. Alternatively, the base fertilizer material is coated with a barrier coating having discrete particles of micronutrients dispersed throughout. The barrier coating acts to physically and chemically isolate the micronutrient particles from the underlying fertilizer composition such that more of the micronutrient is available to the soil solution, and ultimately to the root zone of the plant.

An injectable agent delivery system comprising a composition that comprises: an agent for sustained delivery located within discrete particles,and an injectable scaffold material comprising discrete particles which are capable of interacting to form a scaffold, and uses thereof.

The invention discloses a welding robot welding path planning method based on discrete particle swarm optimization. The method comprises the steps of: (1) building a mathematical model of a path of a welding robot; (2) building a model of particle swarm optimization; (3) analyzing behavior parameters solved by the particle swarm optimization; (4) planning the path of the welding robot by the particle swarm optimization; and (5) outputting optimal path. The method adopts the particle swarm optimization; and through setting of different inertia weight formulas, the self-adaption adjusting capacity of the particle swarm optimization is improved, so that the purpose of balancing local search capacity and global search capacity of the particle swarm optimization is achieved, and the optimal solution is searched quickly by the particle swarm optimization.

The invention belongs to the technical field of elevator group control, and relates to an elevator group control energy-saving scheduling method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a traffic flow mode; (2) establishing a virtual simulation environment for elevator operation; (3) carrying out curve fitting on each data array respectively, and establishing the traffic flow mode, namely, an optimal energy-saving point knowledge base; (4) choosing the average elevator waiting time, congestion degree and energy consumption as objective functions of the multi-objective optimization problem study on an elevator group control system, and establishing an evaluation function; (5) generating elevator traffic flow information by simulation or collecting the actual traffic flow information; (6) determining the traffic flow mode, and searching the evaluation function parameters matched with the type of the traffic flow in a parameter library of the knowledge base as well as an evaluation function expected value matched with the traffic flow mode; and (7) solving a optimal elevator scheduling scheme by a discrete particle swarm optimization method. The proposed scheduling method can realize energy saving effectiveness in the elevator group control system.

The invention discloses an intelligent power distribution network fault recovery method based on a multi-target discrete particle swarm. The method comprises the following steps: 1), initializing parameters; 2), initializing a position and a speed of a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm, and according to intelligent power distribution network island dividing and load recovery algorithms, calculating each fitness value fitness k relative to a multi-target function for each particle; 3), based on a fitness control concept, performing classification of a control population and a non-control population; 4), according to a corresponding updating rule, updating a particle position and a particle speed in the control population; 5), performing dynamic exchange between the control population and the non-control population; 6), detecting whether a maximum iteration frequency is reached, and if the maximum iteration frequency is reached, skipping to step (4), and otherwise, entering step 7); and 7), outputting a final optimization result.

The invention discloses intelligent logistics distribution and delivery based on a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm and aims at scheduling the path of a transportation vehicle so as to save the transportation cost. A coding mode and an operator based on the set and the probability are introduced on the basis of a framework of a standard particle swarm optimization algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm which is originally suitable for a continuous space can be introduced into a discrete combined optimized space, so that the problem that the path of the vehicle is scheduled is solved and the advantages of high operation efficiency, strong optimization capacity, strong robustness, and the like endowed by the traditional particle swarm algorithm can be maintained. In addition, by using heuristic information to construct the positions of particles and introduce a local operator search, features of the problem and information contained in the data are utilized, and thereby the solving result of the algorithm is further enhanced. By adopting normalization weighting and decision idea to deal with the target, the transportation path is strived to be shortest while the number of transportation vehicles are required to be minimum, therefore, the transportation cost of logistics distribution and delivery businessmen can be reduced to the maximum extent.

The invention discloses a task allocation method for formation of unmanned aerial vehicles in a certain environment, belonging to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles. The task allocation method comprises the following steps of determining a coding sequence of a task allocation algorithm; determining a preponderant function of the unmanned aerial vehicles formed to execute a task; determining a speed update formula and a position update formula of a discrete particle swarm optimization; determining the flow of a tabu search; and determining the flow of hybrid optimization. According to the task allocation method for the formation of the unmanned aerial vehicles in the certain environment, the continuous particle swarm optimization is discretized, the algorithm is simply and conveniently operated on the premise that optimizing property can be guaranteed, and the effectiveness of the discrete particle swarm method is indicated through simulation. According to the task allocation method for the formation of the unmanned aerial vehicles in the certain environment, a supplement strategy of the tabu search algorithm is provided, and the local optimizing capacity of the algorithm is enhanced when the inertia weight [omega] of the particle swarm optimization is larger, i.e. the particle swarm embodies stronger variety, so that the original two algorithms realize complementing each other's advantages, the searching performance can be improved, and the judgment can be verified in multiple groups of simulated tests.

The present invention provides powder compositions comprising mixtures of ingredients as unassociated discrete particles in a raw mix having an average particle size ranging from 1 to 25 μm. The raw mix comprises randomly shaped primary particles consisting of solids of one or more than one film-forming (co)polymer or resin, and may further comprise particles of one or more than one solid additive chosen from melt flow aids, non-film-forming coloring agents, non-film-forming fillers and mixtures thereof. In addition, the raw mix may comprise at least one of particles of one or more dry flow aid, particles of one or more charge control agent. Further, the invention provides methods for making raw mixes consisting essentially of providing and, if needed, combining the one or more necessary solids, and then milling, preferably jet milling, to the desired average particle size. The raw mix powders may be encapsulated to form particles that are air fluidizable using conventional electrostatic spray equipment. Accordingly, coating powders, toners and film-forming or molding powders can be intimately mixed in exact amounts without extrusion or spray drying or their limitations.

The invention discloses a robot map building method suitable for a large-scale transformer substation environment. A particle filter algorithm is used for building a map, discrete particles are used for approximating posterior probability distribution of a robot posture, each particle independently maintains a map of the transformer substation, for the problem of large calculation amount and insufficient power of the robot, an SLAM algorithm is optimized, a rosbag software package based on ROS is combined to be changed, only speedometer and laser data packets are recorded in the field of the transformer substation, if the power of the robot is used up in the process, the robot can be restarted after being charged, data of the transformer substation can be stored as a plurality of data packets, the speedometer among the data packets is unnecessarily continuous, and after the data packets are completely recorded, the map is built in a way of playing back the data packets by virtue of rosbag. By adopting the method, a high-precision raster map of a large-scale transformer substation environment can be built, and the probability of map building failure caused by the positioning mistake can be reduced.

A manufacturing process and composition of acrylic composite materials with mineral charges with high thermal, mechanical and processing properties is provided for manufacturing kitchen covering, washstands, sinks, shower bases, tables, bars, counters, and furniture in general. A prepolymer composition in addition to methyl methacrylate in equilibrium contains, comonomers and elastomers that provide optimized and specific properties to the final products, such as high impact strength, product transformability in order to allow superior drilling, screwing and bending actions, as well as higher thermoforming possibility. The resulting component is a polymer matrix surrounding discrete particles of the elastomer and the mineral component.

The invention discloses a pairwise overlay integrated software test case suite generating method regarding the generation problem of pairwise overlay integrated test case suite in an integrated software test. The method is inspired by discrete particle swarm optimization, and a particle represents a test case suite, wherein different particles represent different test case suite generation schemes, the overlaying condition of the test case suite on each factor integration is evaluated overall; regarding particle position updating, the individual position of next generation is generated by utilizing the number of occurring times of the discrete value of each factor in each test case suite as basis; and acquiring the test case suite which fulfills restriction and overlays all factor integrations. Compared with the conventional method, the invention provides the pairwise overlay integrated software test case suite generating method which is independent of the initial value, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, small calculation quantity, good stability and small integral scale of the generated test case suite, so that the software testing efficiency is improved, and the testing cost is reduced.

Shielding materials are fabricated from a new three-layered particle having a core, a metal layer, and a conductive polymer layer. The new particles are blended into a polymer matrix and processed in the absence or under the influence of a magnetic field to form single-layered coatings and freestanding films and sheets. The magnetically processed materials yield a conductive network of particles rather than discrete particles randomly disposed within the polymeric medium.

Disclosed is a hair care composition comprising: a discrete particle comprising an oily component, wherein the oily component comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: (A) metathesized unsaturated polyol esters; (B) sucrose polyesters; (C) fatty esters with a molecular weight greater than or equal to 1500; and mixtures thereof, wherein the oily component has a Zero Shear Viscosity at 25° C. of from about 10² Pa·s to about 10⁹ Pa·s, and has a melting point of from about 35° C. to about 60° C.; and wherein the discrete particle has an average particle size in the hair care composition of from about 0.5 microns to about 20 microns. The hair care composition provides improved conditioning benefits, clean feel, and/or hair styling benefit.

A chlorothalonil slurry product having greater than 90% by weight of the chlorothalonil present in discrete particles having a diameter less than 1 micron, more preferably less than 0.3 microns, is useful at reduced application rates, compared to prior art chlorothalonil formulations, to control a variety of diseases such as sapstain on wood, neck rot on onions, late blight on potatos, and downey mildew on fruits and vegetables.

The method is disclosed as applied to roughening the light-emitting surface of an LED wafer for reduction of the internal total reflection of the light generated. A masking film of silver is first deposited on the surface of a wafer to be diced into LED chips. Then the masking film is heated to cause its coagulation into discrete particles. Then, using the silver particles as a mask, the wafer surface is dry etched to create pits therein. The deposition of silver on the wafer surface and its thermal coagulation into particles may be either successive or concurrent.