The invention provides water-based phenolic aldehyde epoxy graphene anticorrosion primer and a preparation method thereof. The primer is prepared from a component A and a component B, and the component A comprises water-based epoxy curing agents, titanium dioxide, water-based aluminum paste, carbon black, graphene, nano-barium sulfate, water-based zinc phosphate, iron-titanium powder, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, foam inhibitors, cosolvent, wetting agents, neutralizer, water-based polyamide wax liquor, flash-rust-proof agents and deionized water; the component B adopts water-based phenolic aldehyde epoxy resin emulsion. The preparation method comprises the steps that the component A is prepared first, and in the using process, the component A and the component B are mixed. According to the anticorrosion primer, due to the fact that the graphene is introduced, the properties of water resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt tolerance, acetone resistance and salt spray resistance of a coating are greatly promoted; it is indicated that after graphene oxide is introduced into the water-based phenolic aldehyde epoxy graphene anticorrosion primer, the protective property to the coating can be promoted, and the requirements of markets and industries are completely met.