2938 results about "Emission power" patented technology

Techniques for adjusting transmit power to mitigate both intra-sector interference to a serving base station and inter-sector interference to neighbor base stations are described. The amount of inter-sector interference that a terminal may cause may be roughly estimated based on the total interference observed by each neighbor base station, channel gains for the serving and neighbor base stations, and the current transmit power level. The transmit power may be decreased if high interference is observed by a neighbor base station and increased otherwise. The transmit power may be adjusted by a larger amount and / or more frequently if the terminal is located closer to the neighbor base station observing high interference and / or if the current transmit power level is higher, and vice versa. The intra-sector interference is maintained within an acceptable level by limiting a received SNR for the terminal to be within a range of allowable SNRs.

An uplink power control method and apparatus of a terminal in a mobile communication system are provided. The method includes receiving, by the terminal, a location parameter corresponding to at least one antenna selected among a plurality of antennas distributed in a service area of a base station, each of the plurality of antennas being connected to the base station; and calculating uplink power based on the location parameter.

A method and system (102) provide adaptive modulation / coding with distribution of excess resources based on one or more system criteria. The system (102) may be any system with more than one modulation rate or more than one coding rate and may be a wireless communication system using CDMA, TDMA, OFDM or any other signal formats. Generally, the method determines excess resources of the system based on desired characteristics of links supported by the system. The excess resources may be any number of system resources, such as transmit power. These excess resources are then distributed to the links based on various system criteria, such as to increase system coverage, to increase system capacity, to modify a data rate profile of the system or to reduce interference in the system. Methods for providing such distribution of the excess resources are also provided for equal data rate systems.

An automatic channel selection (ACS) process enables an access point to determine a best channel available, i.e., the channel with a least amount of interference, for it operation. When ACS is enabled, the access point scans frequencies for all neighboring access points and their signal strengths. Based on this data, the access point then determines which frequency is least likely to be interfered with by these other access points. The access point switches itself to this frequency and begins operation. During normal operation, the access point may periodically rescan the air space and reevaluate its current operating channel. Preferably, every neighboring access point has its own channel, and the co-channel interference levels should be low enough so that there is a maximum coverage and high throughput for the network. If these characteristics cannot be achieved, the access point may then adjust its power automatically to reduce the interference level in the network. This automatic power adjustment (APA) feature preferably operates across a set of access points, each of which has the function. In this manner, the transmitting power of the neighboring access points in the wireless network is “cooperatively” adjusted to minimize the channel interference and maximize the coverage and throughput for the network. A method of determining optimal access point locations for access points that perform the ACS and APA functions is also described.

In order to consider an optimum control method and an optimum mounting method needed, a UWB having a communication function and a radar function are used. For an obstacle vehicle in front, the distance between two cars is measured using the radar function, and according to this distance, a hazard warning is issued to a driver or a pre-crash operation is carried out. Moreover, by informing its own position to each other between vehicles using the communication function, the distance to a vehicle near to the own vehicle is measured regardless of clutter, and according to this distance, a hazard warning is issued to a driver or a pre-crash operation is carried out. Moreover, the operating frequency and transmission power of a radar are changed based on its own location information, thereby reducing influence to and from other wireless system.

Power plants and process for lowering CO2 emissions generally includes extracting a portion of the recirculated CO2-rich flue gas mid-way through the compression pathway of a gas turbine and removing the CO2 in a separation unit. The remaining portion of the CO2 rich flue gas (i.e., the portion of the recirculated flue gas that was not fed to the separation unit) is mixed with fresh air coming from an additional compressor-expander and then fed back to the compression pathway. As a result, flue gas recirculation increases the CO2 concentration within the working fluid, leading to an additional increase in CO2 partial pressure. As the concentration and partial pressure of CO2 is increased, a lower energy penalty is observed to remove the CO2. Moreover, a reduced volume is fed to the CO2 separation unit during operation. Consequently, the size of the separation equipment can be reduced as well as the energy required for the separation process.

A non-linear junction detector designed for counter surveillance measures achieves superior performance by transmitting a series of pulses and receiving harmonics of the transmitted pulse signals that are re-radiated by a non-linear junction such as would be found in an eavesdropping device containing a semiconductor. The transmit power of the series of pulses is varied and the amplitudes of the harmonics received at the different power levels are compared to determine the type of non-linear junction detected. The received harmonic signals are demodulated to create signals having a frequency in the audible range of human ears. The demodulated signals are broadcast so that an operator of the non-linear junction detector can audibly distinguish between the noise responses produced by the different types of non-linear junctions. The harmonic signals are analyzed to determine if the harmonic, signals correspond to signals produced by a known type of non-linear junction device such as a video camera or tape recorder. Data generated by the non-linear junction detector is displayed to an operator of the detector and may be stored for later analysis.

A system and a method to automatically select a frequency set in a low-tier radio communication system, sharing frequencies with an overlapping high-tier cellular radio system, that minimally interferes with the high-tier system employing frequency hopping is described. The present invention makes use of the broadcast information that is transmitted by the high-tier radio base stations on their broadcast control channels (BCCH), which contains not only the BCCH carrier frequencies of surrounding cells, but also information regarding the frequencies applied in the considered cell for frequency hopping traffic channels. With this broadcast information, the low-tier system can derive the frequency planning of the high-tier system, and can then derive a frequency set for low-tier usage that minimally interferes with the overlapping high-tier system. The advantage with this technique is that only measurements on BCCH carriers have to be performed, which are non-hopping, have a constant transmit power, and have a continuous (non-bursty) signal.

A transmit power control technique within a wireless communication system includes adjusting a transmit power used by a picocell base station unit based upon a position of the picocell within a macrocell. When a picocell base station unit is located relatively close to a macrocell base station or center of the macrocell, the transmit power of the picocell base station unit is increased to avoid downlink interference from the macrocell base station for mobile stations communicating within the picocell. When a picocell base station unit is located relatively close to an edge of a macrocell, the transmit power of the picocell base station is decreased to avoid interference caused by the picocell base station unit for mobile stations communicating within the macrocell in the vicinity of the picocell. In a disclosed example determined downlink interference levels provide an indication of the position of the picocell within the macrocell and provide an indication of how to automatically adjust the transmit power of the picocell base station unit.

A low data rate wireless channel (control channel) is associated with a high speed wireless channel (data channel). The data channel is divided into discrete code or time slots (access slots), that are unassigned to any particular recipient or user until requested. In the event that a particular user requires a particular resource, access slots are requested through the control channel, allocated to the user, and allocation information is passed back to the requesting user through the control channel. Direction and / or location information associated with the user is ascertained, through messaging with the user or by antenna sensing. This direction / location information is utilized to directionally broadcast requested resources toward the user to increase signal to noise ratios, reduce interference, and enable spectrum reuse within a cell. Optionally, the location information may also be used to adjust the transmitted power to further reduce interference in the cellular network.

The system of remotely controlling the medical laser generator unit through a portable computing device such as a smart phone or a tablet personal computer allows the user to control the properties of the medical laser with a downloadable software application. The portable computing device and the medical laser generator unit communicate with each other through a network connection, which can be either a hard-wired link or a wireless link. The properties of the medical laser that can be controlled by the software application include emission power, pulse structure, and treatment duration. The software application is also able to retrieve feedback data from the patient during a medical procedure. The feedback data includes tissue color, tissue temperature, and a laser plume signature. The software application also allows the user to access each individual patient's medical information so that the user can better perform the medical procedure.

Methods and apparatus for limiting communication capabilities in mobile communication devices are disclosed. In one illustrative example, a predetermined condition such as an unsatisfactory temperature or a low battery voltage is detected at the mobile communication device. At this time, a communication request for communicating information through a wireless communication network is received through a user interface. If the communication request is for a non-emergency communication, the non-emergency communication is inhibited during the existence of the predetermined condition. If the communication request is for an emergency communication, however, the emergency communication is allowed despite the existence of the predetermined condition. The emergency communication may be allowed at a reduced transmit power and / or using limited coding / modulation methods. The emergency communication may be a “911” voice call or an emergency message. The reception of communications may still be allowed but inhibited upon more adverse conditions.

A laser scanner for optically scanning and measuring an environment comprises a light transmitter having a predetermined transmission power for emitting a light beam. The emitted light beam is reflected at a measurement point in the environment. The reflected light beam is received with a certain intensity by a receiver. The transmission power is adjustable as a function of the intensity of the reflected light beam. Furthermore, a gray-scale value of the measurement point is determined as a function of the transmission power adjusted.

A method for maintaining system interference at a low level when two or more users use one resource region in a wireless mobile communication system is provided. To control an uplink transmission power in a broadband wireless mobile communication system in multi-cell environments, information regarding the number of users who share an uplink time-frequency resource region is received from a base station, a power adjustment value is calculated based on the received number of users, and the uplink transmission power is determined by reflecting the calculated power adjustment value in a reference transmission power. Here, when only one mobile station uses the uplink time-frequency resource region, the reference transmission power is equal to a transmission power of the mobile station.

Beamforming techniques to limit radiated power where there is the potential for interference with macro-cellular coverage or with adjacent mobile stations. Smart antenna beamforming techniques (including the use of angle of arrival information) are combined with access probe information to determine the direction for radiated power and the level of the needed transmitted power as well for the small office or home (SOHO) environment. The placement of RF power in the SOHO specific to where it is needed, minimizes radiating power in directions where it will cause interference with macrocell coverage. In addition, the beamforming techniques provide a base transceiver station with an economical method to quickly solve coverage issues internal to a SOHO, without introducing interference external to this coverage environment. In addition, there specific placement of the RF power where it is needed provides an increase in spectral efficiency of a deployed network.

A hybrid network controller may determine and / or communicate traffic management information for enabling setup and / or handoff of call and / or communication session among femtocells, access points and / or end-point devices. Traffic management information may comprise set-up instructions, handoff instructions, transmit power, neighbor list information, signal quality thresholds, frequency assignments, transmission time, code assignments and / or antenna pattern assignments. The hybrid network controller and / or an end-point device may control handoffs between a communication device external to the communication system and the femtocells, access points and / or end-point devices. Received signal strength, interference levels, SNR, signal path delay, power consumption, traffic loads, bandwidth usage and / or radio resource availability may be monitored and / or analyzed by the hybrid network controller. The hybrid network controller may assign time slots, codes, antenna patterns as well as a serving femtocell and / or AP for a set up and / or a handoff. The information may be communicated via wired, optical and / or wireless interfaces.

An RF device including a control loop for maximizing output power for each of several data rates or constellation types. The RF device includes a power detector, a power amplifier and a MAC that includes input and output adjust circuits. A power level value is generated from measured output power. The MAC compares an adjusted power level value with a set point value and generates an error value. The MAC adjusts a power control value based on the error value for controlling the gain of the power amplifier. The MAC uses a data rate signal indicative of a selected constellation type or data rate. The input adjust circuit stores one or more input adjustment values selected by the data select signal for adjusting the power level value. The output adjust circuit stores one or more output adjustment values selected by the data select signal for adjusting the power control value.

Techniques for use in a data communication system having a number of communicatively coupled device include techniques for synchronization and re-synchronization of frame and bit clocks, techniques for assigning device address, techniques for dynamically controlling transmit power based on the number of devices, and techniques for serialized signal processing.

A transponder system is provided which presents a light weight portable or mobile system for localization of movable objects, e.g., for surveillance of valuable transports and the like. The small unit constituting the transponder contains a receiver (1) of paging type, a decoder (2), a logic unit (3), a transmitter portion (10), a built-in antenna and power supply (11). The system is controllable by an existing tested radio system for paging. One advantage of utilizing an already existing paging system is that functionality is well tested and a general covering range is obtained. In addition, costs for building up and operation of a paging system are eliminated. Control information being sent to the transponder includes a number of symbols defining a certain basic function for the built-in marker transmitter (10) and symbols which constitute control code and control data for the specific function. Consequently at least the frequency, transmit power and transmitting sequences of the marker transmitter are controllable.

A system and method are provided to reduce the effect of an interfering signal in a radar return signal for a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. Once the interfering signal is detected, an extent of the interfering signal is determined and the data that was corrupted by the interfering signal is not included in the processing of the radar return signal. This allows the radar to detect a target in the presence of the interfering signal. The system and method can benefit any FMCW radar that is within the range of an interfering radar source (e.g. another FMCW radar, a police radar gun, a pulse radar, etc.) operating in the same frequency band as the FMCW radar. An alternative arrangement provides a system and method for determining the frequency of the interfering signal and then avoiding transmitting power in that portion of the frequency spectrum where the interfering signal is present.

A method and apparatus are provided that optimizes a transmitted user-specific signal. In one embodiment, the invention includes receiving signals from a remote radio, deriving estimates of receive channels corresponding to the received signals using the received signals, deriving a model of an expected transmit channel to the remote radio based on the receive channel estimates, deriving a set of transmit parameters to be applied to an array of transmit antennas to transmit a signal to the remote radio by optimizing a transmit power criteria using the model of the expected transmit channel and constraints on the estimated quality of a signal transmitted over the expected transmit channel, and transmitting to the remote radio by applying the derived set of transmit parameters to the transmit antenna array.

An apparatus that adaptively allocates transmission power for beam-forming combined with orthogonal space time block codes in a distributed wireless communication system, the apparatus including: sub-arrays for beam-forming, which are geographically distributed and each of which includes a plurality of distributed antennas placed in random groups. A central processing unit provides predetermined combinable power allocation schemes according to subsets in a plurality of the sub-arrays, identifying performances of the schemes by using information on large-scale fading of each of the sub-arrays fed back from a receiving party, setting a subset having best performance as an optimal subset according to the identified performances, and performing power allocation according thereto.

A device and method are provided for estimating a position of a target device (e.g., a device emitting radio frequency energy) based on data pertaining to strength of an emission received from the target device. At a mobile device, emissions are received from the target device when the mobile device is at each of a plurality of positions to produce receive signal strength data representative thereof. In addition, at the mobile device, signals are received from each of a plurality of reference devices at a corresponding known position (and transmitted with known transmit powers) when the mobile device is at each of said plurality of positions to produce receive signal strength data representative thereof. The position of the target device is estimated based on receive signal strength data associated with received emissions from the target device and receive signal strength data associated with received signals from the reference devices. Using the estimated position and estimated transmit power of the target device, a zone of impact of the target device is determined with respect to other wireless activity based on the estimated position and estimated transmit power of the target device.

A communication system optimizes cell edge performance and spectral efficiency by determining an adaptive power control parameter based on system performance metrics measured by a serving Node B and further measured by, and reported to the serving Node B by, neighboring Node B's. The adaptive power control parameter is then used to determine an uplink transmit power of a user equipment (UE) served by the serving Node B. The uplink transmit power may be determined by the Node B and then conveyed to the UE, or the Node B may broadcast the adaptive power control parameter to the UE and the UE may self-determine the uplink transmit power. In addition, as a frequency reuse factor of one has been proposed for such communication systems, interference levels may be even further improved by employment of an intra-site interference cancellation scheme in the sectors serviced by the Node B.

An example method disclosed herein includes: determining, by a transmitter, whether to transmit one or more power waves to a receiver location along a transmission path by comparing a receiver location and a path of the one or more power waves with a stored location of an entity to be excluded from receipt of power waves. The method also includes: measuring, by one or more sensors of the transmitter, power levels in a transmission field of the transmitter, the transmission field including the receiver location and the entity; and upon determining that (i) the entity to be excluded is not at the receiver location and not in the path and (ii) a measured power level at the receiver location does not exceed one or more permissible power levels for safe wireless power transmission, transmitting, by the transmitter, the power waves along the path to converge at the receiver location.

A method and a device for adaptively controlling power in a radar device having a radar transmitter and a radar receiver are provided, in particular for applications in vehicles. The radar signals are emitted, and radar signals reflected off of target objects are received and checked for irregularities. The transmitting power of the radar transmitter is reduced when irregularities occur which are attributable to interference caused by neighboring radar transmitters.