121 results about "Artificial noise" patented technology

The invention discloses a semantic camouflage communication method and system, a power grid and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of power system safety. According to the method, semantic information extracted from a to-be-sent image by a semantic encoder of the semantic communication system is obtained at a sending end of the semantic communication system, and then a semantic information decoding module used for ensuring that both a legal user and a potential eavesdropper in a deployment environment of the semantic communication system can decode is added to the semantic information, and the legal user decodes to obtain the to-be-sent image, and the potential eavesdropper decodes to obtain the artificial noise of the disguised image, so as to obtain the transmission semantic information, pre-codes the transmission semantic information, and sends the pre-coded transmission semantic information. Therefore, the problems that when semantic communication is adopted to carry out power data transmission, confidentiality is maintained through encryption or a physical layer security system, an eavesdropper is easily aware of protection measures, and data transmission security is not high due to the adoption of more complex attacks are solved.

The invention relates to an electric power communication system optimization technology, in particular to a physical layer security optimization method and equipment for a full-duplex multicarrier power line communication system, and the method combines a full-duplex technology and a time domain artificial noise auxiliary security strategy to construct a multicarrier power line communication system model with a relay; generating a safety rate maximization problem, designing a set of convex approximation method, and performing conversion and simplification of a non-convex optimization problem; designing an iterative solution algorithm, and jointly optimizing the confidential data of the source node, the confidential data of the relay node and the artificial noise power distribution matrix; and optimizing the physical layer safety performance of the full-duplex multi-carrier power line communication system based on the solved power distribution matrix. According to the communication scheme and the solved power distribution vector, the safety performance of the power line communication system is optimized, the limitation of the number of power transmission cables in the power line communication system is avoided, the safety rate maximization of the total transmitting power domain can be realized, and the technical problem that data in an existing multi-hop power line communication system is prone to leakage is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication networks, and discloses a communication optimization method and system for a wireless energy-carrying safety communication system in a far and near mixed field. The method comprises the following specific steps: constructing a wireless energy-carrying safety communication system in a far-near hybrid field, wherein the wireless energy-carrying safety communication system comprises a base station, an energy collection receiver with K near-field single antennas and an information decoding receiver with M far-field single antennas; constructing a mixed field channel model; constructing a signal model comprising the information signal and the digital beam forming matrix thereof, and the artificial noise and the digital beam forming matrix thereof; based on the signal model and the mixed field channel model, a maximization problem objective function of the minimum safety rate weighted sum of the information decoding receiver is formulated; and solving a maximization problem to obtain an optimal communication scheme. The method solves the problem that vector optimization of beam forming is lacked in the prior art, and has the characteristic that the information transmission security of the system can be improved.

The invention discloses a spectrum resource allocation method, which comprises the following steps of: deploying a plurality of pairs of information transceivers, a passive backscatter label group and an eavesdropping user in a backscatter communication system, each passive backscattering label is equipped with an energy collection and conversion module and an information reflection module; constructing a resource allocation model meeting a reflection signal and rate maximization of secure communication; constructing a directed hypergraph based on a backscattering system and coloring the directed hypergraph; in order to solve the non-convexity problem of a resource optimization model, an auxiliary variable is introduced to remodel a resource allocation model, and eavesdropping threats are reduced from the physical level. The method provided by the invention can maximize the sum rate of the reflected signals in the system on the premise of ensuring the secure communication of each sub-channel, effectively reduces the interference among the reflected signals by dividing spectrum resources and introducing artificial noise, restrains the influence of eavesdropping users on the security of the system, and meets the requirements of the users on the quality of service.

The invention discloses a finite block length secure transmission method and system based on communication perception integration, and relates to the technical field of communication. Comprising the following steps: S1, constructing a system model, determining an optimization problem, analyzing a safe transmission rate capable of reaching a limited block length, and constructing a safe rate maximization problem; s2, designing an optimization scheme: decomposing the non-convex optimization problem in the S1 into three sub-problems, namely uplink transmission power distribution of IoE equipment, sensing signal design and joint sensing and communication receiving beam forming optimization, converting each sub-problem into a solvable convex optimization problem, and respectively solving the solvable convex optimization problem, and obtaining the solution of the original problem through an alternate iteration method until the algorithm converges or reaches the maximum iteration times. According to the method, a potential threat source is identified more accurately by utilizing a sensing data auxiliary system, and the technologies of beam forming, artificial noise and the like are utilized, so that the secure transmission between legal users is ensured, the quality of a received signal of an eavesdropper is reduced, and the secure fusion of a communication function and a sensing function is realized.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may receive scheduling information that schedules temporally overlapping transmissions by the wireless device of a data signal and an additional signal, where the additional signal includes an artificial noise signal, an energy signal associated with an energy-harvesting device, or both. The wireless device may then align a starting symbol of the additional signal with a starting symbol of the data signal based on the data signal and the additional signal being scheduled to temporally overlap, and may transmit the data signal and the additional signal based on the aligning.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a data encryption transmission method, a decryption method, communication equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: encrypting original channel data by using a target security key to obtain ciphertext channel data; performing random beam forming processing on the ciphertext channel data to obtain target channel data with artificial noise; wherein the artificial noise is determined based on a target angle between the base station and the target equipment, and a target security key is stored in the target equipment; sending the target channel data to a target device at the target angle, so that the target device decrypts the target channel data by using the target security key; wherein no artificial noise exists on the target equipment. Therefore, through a dual encryption method, the eavesdropping success rate is remarkably reduced, and the data confidentiality and the anti-attack capability of a wireless link are effectively improved.

A hidden communication method for confronting a full-duplex eavesdropper based on probability transmission in symbiotic radio comprises the following steps: constructing a system model which comprises a main transmitter Alice, a main receiver Bob, an auxiliary transmitter BD and a full-duplex eavesdropper Willie; the main transmitter Alice selectively transmits information according to a link channel state with the main receiver Bob; when the channel gain # imgabs0 # of a legal link is greater than a preset threshold value delta, the information is transmitted; otherwise, the information is not transmitted; the auxiliary transmitter BD secretly sends confidential information to the main receiver Bob through a reflection link by using the transmission behavior of the main transmitter Alice, and the full-duplex eavesdropper Willie works in a full-duplex mode and simultaneously sends artificial noise to interfere legal communication and eavesdrop. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the hidden communication method for confronting the full-duplex eavesdropper based on probability transmission in the symbiotic radio, the strong eavesdropper is confronted by using the uncertainty of link information, and the detection performance and the concealment performance of the eavesdropper are comprehensively analyzed.

The invention discloses a beam forming method of an RIS-assisted NOMA-ISAC system for preventing internal and external eavesdropping, which ensures that radar sensing requirements are met under the condition of limited energy resources by intelligently optimizing transmitting beams of a base station and a phase shift matrix of an RIS, effectively resists attacks of potential internal and external eavesdroppers, and improves the reliability of the system. Therefore, the security communication performance of legal users of the system is obviously improved. Specifically, according to the method, radar signals of a base station are ingeniously utilized, while a radar target sensing task is executed, the radar signals serve as artificial noise to interfere with potential eavesdroppers, and the dual functions of target sensing and safe communication are achieved. However, the optimization problem of minimizing the legal signal power of the system has non-convex constraint and is difficult to directly solve, so that the original problem is decomposed into three sub-problems, the sub-problems are converted into a convex optimization problem by using a positive semi-definite relaxation technology, and finally alternate optimization solution is performed through a CVX toolbox. According to the strategy, the complexity of the problem is effectively reduced, and the calculation efficiency is improved.

The invention provides a transient electromagnetic data noise suppression method based on a neural network, and the method mainly comprises the steps: constructing a CNN-LSTM neural network based on improved SPPFCMA optimization, generating synthetic training data, and designing a mixed loss function. The network comprises a convolutional layer, a pooling layer, a bidirectional long and short time memory layer and a full connection layer. By improving an SPPFCMA module, a CA attention mechanism is added after convolution layer output, and multi-scale pooling branches are adopted. A method of generating synthetic training data includes simulating a noiseless TEM signal using one-dimensional forward modeling and superimposing artificial noise. The training termination condition is that the mixed loss function value of the verification set does not decrease in continuous five iterations, and the method is used for denoising the actually measured data after preprocessing the actually measured data.

The invention discloses an anti-covert communication design method based on artificial noise assisted interference, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an anti-covert communication system model with a full-duplex receiver; selecting an illegal information transmitter (Alice), an illegal information receiver (Bob) and a monitor (Willie) as entity research objects of the anti-covert communication system model; constructing two optimization problems: converting an anti-covert communication system model into constructing a listener optimal detection error probability optimization problem and an optimal artificial noise setting optimization problem; the optimization problem is simplified; solving an optimization problem; according to the design method, artificial noise (AN) is emitted in Alice and Bob communication environments to realize anti-covert communication, the optimal detection error probability optimization problem and the optimal artificial noise setting optimization problem are realized, the detection error probability at Willie is reduced, and relatively low noise emission power is used.

The invention discloses a hybrid beam forming method for a communication perception integrated system, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. According to the invention, the problem of poor communication security of the traditional ISAC system is solved. According to the method, the sensing signal is endowed with an artificial noise function, so that the eavesdropping process of a potential eavesdropper is effectively interfered on the premise of not reducing the sensing precision, safety communication in a communication sensing integrated system is realized, and the problem of information leakage possibly caused by the direction of a sensing beam is solved; by means of the hybrid beam forming design of communication signals and sensing signals, high-precision target sensing can be achieved in a communication sensing integrated system, meanwhile, safe communication with a cooperative target is guaranteed, by designing a dynamic sub-array division method, the mapping relation between an antenna and a radio frequency chain can be adjusted according to the change of the safety rate, and the communication sensing efficiency is improved. Airspace resources are effectively utilized; and bidirectional matching of the safety rate and the beam forming design is realized. The method can be applied to beam forming of a communication perception integrated system.

The present application provides a communication method and an apparatus. The method comprises: on the basis of a first noise signal, a first device generates a first signal, the first signal being used for sensing or ranging between the first device and a second device, and the first noise signal being used for encrypting the sensing or ranging; and the first device sends the first signal to the second device. In the method, the first device generates a sensing or ranging signal having artificial noise, so that only a specified receiving end (second device) can accurately obtain sensing or ranging information, while if receiving the sensing or ranging signal sent by the first device, other devices cannot calculate the correct sensing or ranging information. Thus, the security of wireless sensing or ranging is improved.

The present invention discloses a network system combining security and energy load balancing, comprising: Access Points (APs): equipped with N t antennas, with L APs included. The APs are connected to the CPU through wired backhaul links. All APs serve K single-antenna User Equipments (UEs). All APs are equipped with independent Edge Servers (ESs) and form APs-ESs equipped with independent edge servers; Single-antenna attacker Eve: used to intercept legitimate information; The working mode of the APs-ESs and the attacker Eve is the full-duplex mode. The attacker Eve intercepts the uplink transmission through passive eavesdropping and intercepts the downlink transmission through active pilot contamination attacks. The APs-ESs send artificial noise signals to the attacker Eve during the uplink task offloading transmission process to resist passive eavesdropping.

The invention discloses an active monitoring method based on short packet communication, and the method comprises the steps: firstly, building a communication system model which comprises monitoring equipment, a target transmitting end and a target receiving end, transmitting a power-adjustable artificial noise signal by the monitoring equipment, and actively interfering a communication link between the target transmitting end and the target receiving end; then, an optimization problem is established by taking maximization of the average effective monitoring rate of monitoring equipment as an optimization target, and meanwhile, the condition that the average decoding error rate of a target receiving end is maintained at a preset target value is taken as a constraint condition; and finally, solving an optimization problem, determining an optimal transmission rate and corresponding artificial noise transmitting power, and guiding monitoring equipment to perform optimal active monitoring. On the premise of ensuring the communication quality of the target link, a more favorable channel condition is created for the monitoring party, and the monitoring performance is remarkably improved compared with the traditional interference-free passive monitoring scheme and the active monitoring scheme with fixed interference power.

The application discloses a beamforming method of an RIS-aided NOMA-ISAC system against internal and external eavesdropping, which optimizes the transmitting beam of the base station and the phase shift matrix of the RIS intelligently, ensures that the radar sensing requirement is met under the condition of limited energy resources, effectively resists potential internal and external eavesdropping attacks, and thus significantly improves the safe communication performance of the system legal users. Specifically, the method ingeniously uses the radar signal of the base station, performs the radar target sensing task while interfering potential eavesdroppers with the radar signal as artificial noise, and realizes the dual functions of target sensing and safe communication. However, since the optimization problem of minimizing the system legal signal power has non-convex constraints, it is difficult to solve directly, therefore the original problem is decomposed into three sub-problems, and then the semi-positive relaxation technology is used to convert the sub-problems into convex optimization problems, and finally the CVX toolbox is used for alternating optimization solution, which effectively reduces the complexity of the problem and improves the calculation efficiency.

The present invention discloses a MIMO full-duplex secure communication parameter optimization method, an optimization device, and a communication method based on the optimized parameter setting. The parameter optimization method constructs transmission signals of Alice and Bob, adds artificial noise thereto, and performs power allocation and dimension allocation on the effective signal and the artificial noise according to decision variables. At the same time, based on the singular value decomposition of the channel, a specific expression form of the effective signal and the artificial noise is constructed. MIMO full-duplex communication is performed with the constructed transmission signal, and the received signal of each end is obtained. The optimal power allocation coefficient, power allocation matrix, and signal dimension are obtained with the goal of maximizing the system average confidentiality rate. Communication is performed based on the optimized parameters, and the confidentiality performance of the MIMO full-duplex communication system can be improved from the physical layer.

The invention discloses a vehicle task unloading method for known potential eavesdropping vehicle CSI, and belongs to the technical field of communication. In order to solve the problem that sensitive information of a task vehicle may be leaked due to potential eavesdropping behaviors of surrounding vehicles in a scene in which channel state information (CSI) in a system is known, the invention provides a vehicle task unloading method for a known potential eavesdropping vehicle (CSI). According to the method, an artificial noise-assisted adaptive eavesdropping coding technology is adopted, the artificial noise power and the transmitting direction of a base station and the transmitting power of a task vehicle are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time position of a vehicle in a system, wireless channel state information (CSI) and task time delay constraint, and the signal-to-noise ratio of a potential eavesdropping vehicle channel is deteriorated, so that the real-time position of the vehicle is determined. The capacity of an eavesdropping channel is reduced, and the system energy consumption required by task unloading is minimized on the basis of ensuring safe task unloading by increasing the legal channel capacity of a task vehicle and improving the secrecy rate.

The present application provides a method for realizing covert information transmission in a power line network, comprising the following steps: a transmitter prepares covert information to be transmitted to a receiver; the transmitter uses a determined transmission power to send the covert information to the receiver via the power line network; while receiving the transmitter signal, the receiver generates and transmits artificial noise to interfere with the eavesdropper's monitoring; the eavesdropper's false detection probability is evaluated to ensure that the eavesdropper cannot accurately determine whether the transmitter is transmitting information; on the premise of meeting the concealment requirements, the transmitter and receiver maximize the receiver's covert information reception rate by adjusting the transmission power; the covert interruption probability when the receiver receives the signal is analyzed and the concealment is evaluated, and based on the analysis and evaluation results, the system parameters are adjusted to optimize the covert transmission performance; the receiver decodes the received signal to recover the covert information sent by the transmitter; and the integrity and accuracy of the information received by the receiver are verified.

The invention discloses a high-spectral-efficiency secure transmission method based on orthogonal time-frequency air conditioning, which is applied to an OTFS-NOMA wireless transmission system and comprises the following steps: constructing a time domain signal sending model of a base station for a primary user and a secondary user; the time domain transmission signal model comprises transmission beam forming vectors of a primary user and a secondary user, and a spatial selective artificial noise vector is introduced; wherein the artificial noise vector is constructed by using a semi-unitary matrix and a random vector obeying Gaussian distribution; constructing a system secrecy rate; constructing an optimization problem by taking system secrecy rate maximization as a principle; solving the optimization problem to obtain transmitted beam forming vectors of the primary user and the secondary user and a numerical solution of a covariance matrix, and determining a value of an artificial noise vector based on the numerical solution of the covariance matrix; and the base station generates a time domain sending signal by using the solved transmitted beam forming vector and artificial noise vector of the primary user and the secondary user and sends the signal to the primary user and the secondary user.

The present invention discloses an underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing secure communication method. The multiple transmit time reversal pre-filtering at the transmitter focuses the energy of the legitimate channel on the main path, shortening the channel of the cooperating party, while the eavesdropper still exhibits severe multipath characteristics. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal with a short cyclic prefix smaller than the channel delay spread is transmitted, causing severe inter-symbol interference and inter-carrier interference to the eavesdropper. At the legitimate receiver, an interference cancellation-decision feedback equalizer is used to eliminate the residual interference of the cooperating party, improving the quality of the communication link of the cooperating party. Moreover, the secrecy capacity expression of the proposed method is given to evaluate the security performance of the system. The present invention is suitable for the underwater acoustic environment and has good performance in the long-delay frequency-selective underwater acoustic channel. When the location and channel information of the eavesdropper are both unknown, a considerable secrecy rate is obtained without the assistance of artificial noise.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and federated learning, and discloses a secure communication and resource optimization method based on adaptive federated learning, which realizes secure transmission with low complexity and low resource overhead by using the randomness of a wireless channel and the channel quality difference between a target channel and an eavesdropping channel through a physical layer security technology. Meanwhile, the quantization bit number is dynamically adjusted in combination with an adaptive quantization technology, and the parameter transmission quantity is remarkably reduced on the premise of ensuring the model precision, so that the gradient transmission delay is reduced. The invention further provides a power distribution algorithm, the secrecy rate of the minimum equipment is maximized by sending artificial noise to an eavesdropper, and the system performance is further optimized. A simulation experiment verifies that the security and the transmission efficiency of the federated learning system can be effectively improved, the uploading time delay is remarkably reduced while the model precision is ensured, and the method is particularly suitable for bandwidth-limited scenes such as satellite communication and the Internet of Things (IoT).

A wireless device (1002) may receive a set of positioning signals (1024). The wireless device may measure (1026) a set of positioning signals based on at least one of the plurality of sparse pilot masks or the plurality of artificial noise signals. The wireless device may output (1036) the measured set of positioning signals for training a positioning model. The wireless device may output the measured set of positioning signals for training a positioning model by training a positioning model at the wireless device based on the measured set of positioning signals, or may send the measured set of positioning signals to a training entity for training a positioning model. The training entity may train a positioning model based on the measured set of positioning signals. The wireless device may include a user equipment (UE) or a network node.

Provided is a combined de-aliasing method of one-way wave equation modeling in a frequency-wavenumber domain. 1, nonphysical signal distortion or artificial noise resulting from a folding effect of Fourier transform and undersampling of Fourier transform and improper mathematical operations of numerical truncation or singular value generation from numerical calculation is eliminated in both of a frequency-wavenumber domain and a spatio-temporal domain; and a specific technical solution includes the following steps: step 1, eliminating singular-value aliasing; step 2, eliminating an artificial boundary noise; step 3, eliminating a Fourier folding effect; and step 4, outputting a correct one-way wave equation after eliminating the aliasing. The combined de-aliasing method of one-way wave equation modeling in a frequency-wavenumber domain involves a reasonable denoising technique, is especially aimed at a one-way wave equation modeling equation in an acoustic medium, and can be extended to elastic mediums and viscoelastic mediums.

This invention discloses a secure communication method for eavesdropping on NOMA networks based on artificial noise. In the first time slot, the source user transmits a NOMA signal. The relay user selected according to the maximum-minimum relay selection scheme transmits artificial noise signals to interfere with the eavesdropping user while receiving the signal. In the second time slot, the selected relay user XORs the decoded signal with the artificial noise from the first time slot, reconstructs the signal, and transmits it. The source user also transmits artificial noise to interfere with the eavesdropping user. Each user calculates the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the corresponding interruption probability and eavesdropping probability. This invention combines artificial noise, relay cooperation, and one-time pad technology to construct a secure communication scheme. This scheme ensures that the eavesdropping user has only one chance to directly intercept the legitimate user's signal, while in traditional secure communication schemes, the eavesdropping user can directly obtain the source user's signal twice. Therefore, this invention effectively enhances the physical layer security of cooperative NOMA networks.

The invention relates to an MISO system secrecy rate maximization method and system based on active RIS and artificial noise assistance, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, calculating the secrecy rate of a system according to the information rates of a legal user and an eavesdropper; s2, judging whether the # imgabs0 # meets the # imgabs1 # or not, and if the # imgabs0 # does not meet the # imgabs1 #, executing S3; if yes, executing S7; s3, executing a beam forming vector and artificial noise vector optimization method by taking the # imgabs2 # obtained in the S2 as an input parameter, and outputting # imgabs3 #; S4, executing an active RIS reflection coefficient matrix optimization method by taking the # imgabs4 # obtained in the S3 as an input parameter, and outputting an active RIS reflection coefficient matrix theta; s5, taking the theta obtained in S4 as an input parameter, executing an auxiliary variable optimization updating method, and updating # imgabs5 # and # imgabs6 #; S6, taking # imgabs7 # imgabs8 # theta, # imgabs9 # and # imgabs10 # as input parameters, calculating the secrecy rate # imgabs11 # of the current system, setting n = n + 1, and skipping to S2; and S7, the optimal value of the # imgabs12 # is obtained. According to the method, the influence of the double-fading effect of the RIS-assisted MISO system is overcome, and the secrecy rate of the system is improved.

The invention discloses a rapid high-precision diffusion inversion method and system based on self-supervised learning. The method comprises an initial image potential variable acquisition step, an initial noise estimation acquisition step, a noise prediction step based on a double-branch network structure reverse model and a pseudo noise label prediction step. According to the method, a double-branch architecture design is adopted, global prior of a pre-training diffusion model and fine-grained optimization of image correction branches are combined, and the reconstruction precision is improved through a residual fusion mechanism; through a self-supervised inversion loss function and a pseudo-annotation generation strategy, effective mapping of an image and noise is realized under the condition of no artificial noise annotation; a multi-scale course learning strategy is introduced, so that the model can gradually master the dynamic characteristics of the diffusion process, and the training stability and generalization ability are enhanced; and meanwhile, the number of layers is only increased for an image correction branch in an expansion mechanism, so that the model capacity is improved without damaging diffusion prior, and convergence stability is ensured.

The invention discloses a hidden measurement and control device and method based on distributed cooperative beam forming, and belongs to the technical field of satellite hidden measurement and control, and the device comprises a demodulation receiving unit of a measurement and control terminal, a measurement and control service function unit, an inter-satellite link unit, a modulation transmitting unit, a decision scheduling unit, a service flow selection unit and a parameter design unit. According to the method, the inherent advantages of the distributed satellite array are utilized for cooperation, the beam forming technology is utilized from the airspace angle to achieve radiation capability enhancement in the legal measurement and control station direction, energy blanking is achieved in the enemy reconnaissance system direction, artificial noise is introduced into a beam forming vector, the concealment performance of the system is further enhanced, and the system performance is improved. The threat that a satellite downlink measurement and control system is easily interfered and intercepted is solved, and the safety of a measurement and control link is ensured.

The present invention discloses a secure communication method for a full-duplex wireless energy-carrying network assisted by an intelligent reflector. The method comprises the following steps: adding full-duplex wireless energy-carrying users to a wireless communication network model assisted by an intelligent reflector to construct a full-duplex user-cooperative intelligent reflector-assisted wireless energy-carrying network model; establishing a mathematical model for the optimization problem based on the energy of the transmitter and users, the phase shift of the intelligent reflector, and the security rate at the legitimate user; and maximizing the security rate of the legitimate receiver by jointly optimizing the transmitter's transmit beamforming vector, the phase shift matrix of the intelligent reflector, and the power of the artificial noise signal transmitted by the legitimate receiver. This method can effectively improve the quality of service for the legitimate receiver and ensure the security of the network's physical layer.

Systems and techniques are provided for performing wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive from a first wireless node via a first channel, a first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. The UE may receive, from a second wireless node via a second channel, a second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal. The UE can determine a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.