The invention discloses a high-safety equipment coding method and system and a train, and the high-safety equipment coding method comprises the following steps: S1, when equipment is powered on, reading a storage coding value stored by the equipment during the previous work; S2, judging whether the stored code value is valid or not, skipping to a step S31 when the stored code value is invalid, and skipping to a step S32 when the stored code value is valid; s31, guiding safety operation is carried out on the equipment; and S32, displaying, outputting and storing the coded value. The invention has the coding fault detection and prompt function, the fault tolerance processing function and the coding false dialing prevention function; according to the invention, the security of equipment coding is improved, errors of same equipment coding can be avoided, network abnormity caused by same equipment coding faults is avoided, the equipment maintenance efficiency is improved, and the security and availability of distributed network equipment and a communication network are improved.