The invention relates to a semiconductor production line closed-loop scheduling control method. The method comprises a scheduling model database obtaining step, i.e., establishing a scheduling model database in an offline mode according to production line historical data; a symbiosis simulation system establishment step; a scheduling scheme generation step, i.e., according to a scheduling target, selecting a corresponding scheduling model from the scheduling model database, generating a corresponding scheduling scheme, simultaneously applying the scheduling scheme into a semiconductor actual production line and a simulation model, and running a symbiosis simulation system; and an online closed-loop scheduling step, i.e., respectively sampling production performance of the semiconductor actual production line and the simulation model in a set sampling period, according to the sampled production performance, determining whether current sampling time is dynamic scheduling time, if so, executing the scheduling scheme generation step, and otherwise, continuously performing determination on next sampling time. Compared to the prior art, the method has the advantages of effectively reducing scheduling decision-making time, ensuring stable production performance, improving scheduling effectiveness and the like.