The invention relates to a portable impedance measurement instrument based on FPGA (field programmable gate array), belonging to the technical field of impedance measurement. The portable impedance measurement instrument based on the FPGA is characterized in that the impedance measurement instrument includes a microprocessor module, a sine signal generator module, a self-balancing bridge module, an automatic gain adjustment module, a phase sensitive demodulation module, a display module and a power supply module; the microprocessor module is connected with the sine signal generator module, the self-balancing bridge module, the automatic gain adjustment module and the phase sensitive demodulation module; the impedance measurement value is displayed by the display module; and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the circuit. The portable impedance measurement instrument has the advantages of simple measurement circuit, high integrity, high digital degree, small size and good portability, and is economic and practical, and can meet the requirement for impedance measurement in the common engineering field. The instrument can measure single parameters of impedance, capacitance and inductance or complex impedance parameters including resistance, capacitance and inductance, and can also achieve sweep frequency measurement.