The invention discloses a method for collaboratively searching for a multi-dynamic target in an unknown sea area by an unmanned aerial vehicle group based on enhanced learning. The method comprises the following steps: S1, dividing a searched sea area by using a grid method; to be specific, establishing a territory awareness information map based on the pheromone concentration of an unmanned aerial vehicle in a certain area; S2, according to unmanned aerial vehicle state information and a decision u(k), designing a Q value table; S3, according to a Q value of the current state of the unmannedaerial vehicle group, selecting flight routes of the unmanned aerial vehicles based on a Boltzmann distribution mechanism and performing the rotues; S4, according to a search performance function, designing a punishment function for evaluating the flight state of the unmanned aerial vehicle and updating a Q value of an arrival new state of the unmanned aerial vehicle group based on the punishmentfunction; and S5, updating the arrival new state of the unmanned aerial vehicle group to be a current state, making a flight route decision continuously, completing learning of the whole Q value table, and making a decision by the unmanned aerial vehicle group based on the trained Q table to complete the search task.