The invention discloses a thermal management device for power batteries and a thermal management method for the power batteries under abnormal working conditions. The thermal management device for the power batteries comprises an acquisition module, an evaluation module, a forecast module, a display module and a control module, wherein the forecast module is used for calculating the heat generation rate and the specific heat capacity according to temperature and temperature rise rate information obtained by the acquisition module and the evaluation module and information such as types, operating states, states of charge and the like of the power batteries so as to obtain forecasted temperature field distribution of a battery unit, and the display module is used for displaying the temperature field distribution of the battery unit forecasted by the forecast module and a current alarm status of the battery unit to a user. The thermal management method for the power batteries is capable of forecasting the temperature field distribution of the battery unit according to acquired temperature and temperature rise data, and at least one of control measures such as turn-off, heat dissipation, alarm and the like is effectively taken, so that the danger of an automobile due to the power batteries can be reduced under the abnormal working conditions.