The invention provides a multithread bidirectional relay transmission method based on amplification forwarding. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a relay antenna selection phase: two source nodes sends a training signal sequence to a relay node respectively, according to the received training signal sequence, the relay node estimates channel information between the relay node and the two source nodes respectively, two corresponding channel matrixes are obtained, according to the two channel matrixes, an antenna subset involving two users interaction communication is selected, complexity and forwarding energy consumption of a relay node processing signal is reduced, a diversity gain is obtained, and error code performance of a system is raised; (2) a bidirectional relay transmission phase: according to the selected antenna subset, the relay node carries out bidirectional relay transmission, and information interaction is completed. According to the invention, a high efficiency bidirectional communication strategy based on ANC (analog network coding) is employed, with regard to multithread transmission, an antenna selection scheme and a linear decoupling technique of a receiving signal are made, sending energy consumption and operation complexity are reduced, and a degree of freedom of a multiple-input-multiple-output bidirectional relay channel is effectively utilized.