374 results about "Residual value" patented technology

A method for coding or decoding an audio signal combines the advantages of TNS processing and noise substitution. A time-discrete audio signal is initially transformed to the frequency domain in order to obtain spectral values of the temporal audio signal. Subsequently, a prediction of the spectral values in relation to frequency is carried out in order to obtain spectral residual values. Within the spectral residual values, areas are detected encompassing spectral residual values with noise properties. The spectral residual values in the noise areas are noise-substituted, whereupon information concerning the noise areas and noise substitution is incorporated into side information pertaining to a coded audio signal. Thus, considerable bit savings in case of transient signals can be achieved.

A system for empirically diagnosing a condition of a monitored system. Estimates of monitored parameters from a model of the system provide residual values that can be analyzed for failure mode signature recognition. Residual values can also be tested for alert (non-zero) conditions, and patterns of alerts thus generated are analyzed for failure mode signature patterns. The system employs a similarity operator for signature recognition and also for parameter estimation. Failure modes are empirically determined, and precursor data is automatically analyzed to determine differentiable signatures for failure modes.

A system and method for monitoring a condition of a monitored system. Estimates of monitored parameters from a model of the system provide residual values that can be analyzed using a sequential probability ratio test (“SPRT”). The invention employs empirically derived distributions in the SPRT to provide more accurate and sensitive alerts of impending faults, breakdowns and process deviations. The distributions can be generated from piecewise continuous approximation or spline functions based on the actual distribution of residual data to provide improved computational performance. The distributions can be provided before monitoring, or can be updated and determined during monitoring in an adaptive fashion.

Crop yield may be assessed and predicted using a piecewise linear regression method with break point and various weather and agricultural parameters, such as NDVI, surface parameters (soil moisture and surface temperature) and rainfall data. These parameters may help aid in estimating and predicting crop conditions. The overall crop production environment can include inherent sources of heterogeneity and their nonlinear behavior. A non-linear multivariate optimization method may be used to derive an empirical crop yield prediction equation. Quasi-Newton method may be used in optimization for minimizing inconsistencies and errors in yield prediction. Minimization of least square loss function through iterative convergence of pre-defined empirical equation can be based on piecewise linear regression method with break point. This non-linear method can achieve acceptable lower residual values with predicted values very close to the observed values. The present invention can be modified and tailored for different crops worldwide.

A system for empirically diagnosing a condition of a monitored system. Estimates of monitored parameters from a model of the system provide residual values that can be analyzed for failure mode signature recognition. Residual values can also be tested for alert (non-zero) conditions, and patterns of alerts thus generated are analyzed for failure mode signature patterns. The system employs a similarity operator for signature recognition and also for parameter estimation. Failure modes are empirically determined, and precursor data is automatically analyzed to determine differentiable signatures for failure modes.

Techniques are provided to encode and decode image data comprising a tone mapped (TM) image with HDR reconstruction data in the form of luminance ratios and color residual values. In an example embodiment, luminance ratio values and residual values in color channels of a color space are generated on an individual pixel basis based on a high dynamic range (HDR) image and a derivative tone-mapped (TM) image that comprises one or more color alterations that would not be recoverable from the TM image with a luminance ratio image. The TM image with HDR reconstruction data derived from the luminance ratio values and the color-channel residual values may be outputted in an image file to a downstream device, for example, for decoding, rendering, and / or storing. The image file may be decoded to generate a restored HDR image free of the color alterations.

The location of an object in a physical scene is identified with a stereo camera. A virtual surface is identified in the physical scene, and an approximate disparity set is constructed for the virtual surface. A main and a reference image of the scene are acquired by the stereo camera. The reference image is warped according to the disparity set, and subtracted from the main image to determine a set of depth residual values. Pixels having a substantially non-zero residual are identified with a surface of the object not coincident with the virtual surface.

Systems and methods for analyzing and evaluating credit instruments are disclosed. The systems and methods generate a residual value, including the market's view of loss given default for the credit instrument, based on market pricing information for the credit instrument. The residual value, referred to as iLGD, is indicative of overpricing and / or underpricing of the credit instrument.

The motion vector decoder includes a parameter delay block which delays transmissions of various input signals necessary for motion vector decoding; a motion vector residual block which extracts a motion residual value and outputs a positive number of the motion residual value; a motion vector code table block which searches for a motion code, a condition of a sign of the motion code, and a zero condition of the motion code using a variable length decoding table and outputting the searched values; a motion vector delta block which calculates a difference of motion vectors from the motion vector residual block and the motion vector code table block; a MV adder which adds the difference value received from the motion vector delta block and a motion vector of a preceding macroblock to output a new motion vector; and a register which updates a flip-flop corresponding to a current (r, s, t) of a new motion vector. The circuit blocks each have at least one flip-flop to allow processing of each block within a single clock.

A residual value of goods based on data is forecast based on a secondhand price database storing transaction data including the residual value of objects and age of the objects. A standardized forecast residual value is calculated for a prescribed future time based on the standardized residual value. The standardized residual value is calculated by modifying a residual value of the object included in the transaction data stored in the secondhand price database based on attribute values of a prescribed attribute of the object included in the transaction data. A non-standardized forecast residual value is determined by making adjustments corresponding to the attribute values of the object of which the residual value will be forecast.

The present invention is directed to a method for coding an image, comprising generating from the image a residual block having a plurality of residual values using a coding mode; selecting a scanning pattern for scanning the residual block depending on the coding mode; scanning the residual values according to the scanning pattern; and generating a residual value stream from the scanned residual values. The present invention is also directed to a method of initializing a scanning pattern for coding an image, the method comprising collecting information on a coding mode applied to a residual block having a plurality of residual values; and assigning a directional scan in response to the information to form the scanning pattern. Apparatus for coding an image and for initializing a scanning pattern for coding an image are also disclosed.

The present invention is an electronic imaging device and method of expanding its dynamic range. The invention comprises modifying the imaging device by providing a comparator and reset trigger circuit located at or near the site of each of the pixels. The comparator triggers a reset mechanism when the voltage in the charged pixel reaches a reference voltage. During the global exposure time each individual pixel can be self-reset several times, depending on the intensity of the radiation incident upon it. At the end of the global exposure time, each pixel contains only the “residual value” of voltage that remains from the last individual self-reset to the end of the global integration time. An algorithm is implemented, which estimates and determines the number of resets undergone by each pixel during the global exposure time. From this number of resets the algorithm is able to reconstruct the true image. As opposed to prior art methods that make use of pixel reset the device of the invention does not contain electronic components for counting and remembering the number of times that each of the pixels was reset.

A method of compressing an image data block is provided that includes computing a pixel residual for each pixel in the image data block except a non-residual pixel, computing a compression level for the image data block based on a minimum pixel residual value and a maximum pixel residual value of the pixel residuals, encoding a compression flag for the image data block, wherein the compression flag includes an indicator identifying the compression level and a first portion of bits from the non-residual pixel, and generating a compressed block comprising a second portion of bits from the non-residual pixel and the pixel residuals encoded using fixed length coding based on the compression level.

A method is implemented by computer for the management of a convoy comprising at least two vehicles, each of the at least two vehicles comprising satellite positioning means and vehicle-to-vehicle communication means, the method comprising the determination of the relative positioning of the vehicles, the determination comprising the measurement of the propagation time of a signal between vehicles by the communication means, the clocks associated with the communication means being synchronized via satellite positioning means at a reference clock time. Developments comprise the communication between the vehicles of various data (e.g. measurement uncertainties, signal-to-noise ratios, residual values), the determination of absolute locations, the use of an SBAS-type system, the use of differential GPS, the use of Doppler measurements for the turns or even the exclusion of a failing satellite. A computer program product and associated systems are described.

The invention discloses a video decoding method and a video decoding system. The method comprises the following steps of: performing variable length decoding and reverse scanning on coded video data of a picture by utilizing a central processing unit to acquire the video data of the picture subjected to variable length decoding and reverse scanning; performing reverse quantization, reverse discrete cosine transform, motion compensation and color space transform on the video data of the picture subjected to variable length decoding and reverse scanning by utilizing a programmable graphic processing unit to acquire the video data of the picture subjected to the decoding, wherein the video data of the picture subjected to variable length decoding, reverse quantization and reverse discrete cosine transform comprises a brightness residual value and a chromaticity residual value of each pixel in the picture. The brightness residual value and the chromaticity residual value of any pixel in the picture are subjected to motion compensation according to an equality 1 to acquire a brightness value and a chromaticity value of the pixel, namely the equality 1 as follows: sum=residual + (1.0-MC_flag)*128.0 + MC_flag*prediction (1).

A method and apparatus are provided for encoding and decoding an image which entropy encode and decode a residual value of a current pixel in consideration of a context model determined with reference to at least one pixel value that is encoded and decoded before the current pixel and distribution of the residual values encoded and decoded according to the determined context model.

The invention relates to an online updating method of a principal component analysis monitoring model. The method comprises the following steps that: 1) A model online updating system comprising data acquisition equipment and a monitoring computer is arranged in industry field; 2) A traditional principal component analysis (PCA) modeling module uses historical data to establish a PCA initial monitoring model; 3) After the monitoring begins, a mean value variance updating module calculates a mean value and a standard deviation sigma' of a new model according to real-time process data and the current PCA model; 4) A projection point calculation module calculates a residual vector of a new sample and transmits to a residual determination module; 5) The residual determination module determines an updating method of a projection direction according to a size of a residual vector die; if the residual is large, a principal component space adjusting module is called; if the residual value is small, a principal component direction fine adjusting module is called; finally a load vector P' nk and a characteristic value matrix lambda' kk of the new model is obtained; 6) A control limit updating module carries out control limit and updating on statistical magnitude of the model; the system finally outputs the new model omega' which is used for online monitoring and fault diagnosis during an industrial process.

A diagnostic method of detecting component failures in a fuel cell anode subsystem involves estimating fuel flow through injectors and comparing the estimated flow with a model based upon the system parameters. An observer based model is used to determine a residual value, the difference between the hydrogen input and the hydrogen consumed, and the residual is compared with a threshold range. In alternative embodiments, the stack current and the state of the valves are used to calculate the required hydrogen flow through the injectors and the duty cycle of an injector is compared to a tolerance range.

The invention discloses a method and a system for coding, decoding and reconstructing video image blocks, wherein the coding method comprises the following steps: selecting a prediction mode, and generating predicted blocks according to the reconstructed pixels around image blocks; calculating the difference between the pixels corresponding to the image blocks and the predicted blocks to obtain residual values, wherein all the residual values constitute a residual block; selecting the arrangement sequence of at least one residual value from a group of rearrangement sequences of the residual values to be selected, and rearranging the residual values in the residual block; transforming the rearranged residual block by selecting a transformation function to obtain the indication of the transformation coefficient of the residual block; and further scanning, quantifying and carrying out entropy-coding on the transformation coefficient. By rearranging the residual sampling values in the residual block in a null field, the characteristics of residual statistics in different modes can be similar or identical, thus achieving the performance similar to the transformation related to the modes by using fewer transformation functions and reducing the storage complexity of a coder and a decoder at the same time.

An article residual value predicting device for accurately predicting the residual value of an article such as a used car. The device, for example, updates a set of basic records including the names of cars, used car prices, new car prices, and the years and months of the used car prices (S2), reads the used car prices and the new car prices, calculates the car residual value ratio actual values as their ratios (S6), performs regression analysis on the basis of the quantification theory type-I by using the car residual value ratio actual values as the response variables and the names of cars and the years and months of the used car prices as the explanatory variables, calculates the category scores (S9), and calculates the car residual value ratio predicted value to be predicted at a future time point as the scores-by-car name + scores-by-year + scores-by-month + constant from the category scores (S13). Prior to the regression analysis, the device carries out weighting processing (S4 to S8), copies the records according to the weights based on the then number of new cars sold, the number of car colors, and the number of records corresponding to them.

Techniques are provided to encode and decode image data comprising a tone mapped (TM) image with HDR reconstruction data in the form of luminance ratios and color residual values. In an example embodiment, luminance ratio values and residual values in color channels of a color space are generated on an individual pixel basis based on a high dynamic range (HDR) image and a derivative tone-mapped (TM) image that comprises one or more color alterations that would not be recoverable from the TM image with a luminance ratio image. The TM image with HDR reconstruction data derived from the luminance ratio values and the color-channel residual values may be outputted in an image file to a downstream device, for example, for decoding, rendering, and / or storing. The image file may be decoded to generate a restored HDR image free of the color alterations.

An automated method and system for refunding the unused portion of an electronic ticket are provided. In accordance with the method, an aging period is set and is added to the scheduled departure date of the issued ticket. If the schedules departure date plus the aging date is earlier than the current date, a determination is made as to whether the ticket has been used. If the ticket has not been used, the residual value of the ticket is calculated and a refund is issued.

The invention discloses a method for coding a hybrid image efficiently. The method comprises the following steps of: applying base color and an index table coding method to interframe coding of the hybrid image; sequencing a base color value obtained by clustering matching blocks and a base color value obtained by clustering the current coding blocks during transmission of the base color; correspondingly making a difference to obtain a residual value of the base color; transmitting a difference value by using exponential Golomb coding; adaptively selecting a transmission mode of the base color by taking the minimum code rate as a principle and adopting an equal length coding method of the base color during the transmission of the base color; marking the transmission code with a bite; and obtaining a base color index of each pixel in a prediction block according to the value of each pixel in the prediction block, the base color value of the current coding block and the principle of minimum Euclidean distance during the transmission of an index map, taking the base color index of each pixel as a reference index of the current coding block, and using a bite for showing whether the index of each pixel is matched with the reference index of a corresponding position.

A remote sensing image near-lossless compression hardware realization method based on improved JPEG-LS algorithm comprises the steps (1) directly calculating to obtain a pixel reconstruction value by the pixel actual value of an input image and accomplishing the calculation in a single clock period by using a formula Rx=int[Ix / (2Near+1)]*(2Near+1), in the formula, the Rx and the Ix are respectively the pixel reconstruction value and actual value, the int is rounding operation, and the Near is a compression ratio control factor; (2) calculating a context environmental variable Q according to the obtained pixel reconstruction value, if Q is equal to 0, performing run coding, otherwise, going to a step (3) of performing conventional coding; (3) calculating the predictive value of the current pixel by the pixel reconstruction value according to the geometric position relation between the current pixel and the adjacent pixel; (4) calculating the residual value between the predictive value and actual value of the current pixel; and (5) performing Golomb coding after quantising the obtained residual value, and synchronously updating the parameter variable corresponding to the context environmental variable Q using the quantisation result.

An embodiment of the invention provides an intra-frame coding and decoding method, a coder and a decoder. The intra-frame decoding method includes: acquiring the reference pixel value of a current image block; acquiring the predicted value of the first kind of pixels in the current image block according to the reference pixel value of the current image block in an intra-frame prediction algorithm, wherein the current image includes the first kind of pixels and the second kind of pixels, and the second kind of pixels include pixels except pixels of the first kind of pixels; acquiring the residual value of the first kind of pixels according to the predicted value and the original pixel value of the first kind of pixels; obtaining conversion coefficient according to the residual value of the first kind of pixels; acquiring the quantitative conversion coefficient through quantitative coefficient conversion; reconstructing the first kind of pixels according to the e quantitative conversion coefficient and the predicted value of the first kind of pixels to obtain the reconstruction value of the first kind of pixels; acquiring the reconstruction value of the second kind of pixels according to the reconstruction value of the first kind of pixels in an interpolation method. The intra-frame coding and decoding method, the coder and the decoder can code flexibly and improve the coding efficiency.

An analogue to digital converter (ADC) of the recirculating type is described. In one embodiment, the ADC is composed of three storage and residual determination units, which, in cooperation with an operational amplifier, and suitable comparator means, are operable to re-present residual signals for analogue to digital conversion. To enhance settling at the beginning of a cycle, the first storage and residual determination unit is used once, with remaining recirculation being conducted between the other two storage and residual determination units.Another embodiment presents a recirculating ADC stage which comprises a plurality of capacitor banks operable to be switched into and out of connection with other components of the ADC stage, in order to recirculate residual values for calculation of further bits of a digital output. Each bank comprises a plurality of capacitors, and cooperating switching means for connecting each bank in turn with the other components. The switching means are controlled by timing signals, wherein the switching means for each capacitor in each capacitor bank interpose the same number of switches between that capacitor and fed-back signals to that capacitor as to other capacitors of that bank.

Techniques are provided to encode and decode image data comprising a tone mapped (TM) image with HDR reconstruction data in the form of luminance ratios and color residual values. In an example embodiment, luminance ratio values and residual values in color channels of a color space are generated on an individual pixel basis based on a high dynamic range (HDR) image and a derivative tone-mapped (TM) image that comprises one or more color alterations that would not be recoverable from the TM image with a luminance ratio image. The TM image with HDR reconstruction data derived from the luminance ratio values and the color-channel residual values may be outputted in an image file to a downstream device, for example, for decoding, rendering, and / or storing. The image file may be decoded to generate a restored HDR image free of the color alterations.

An apparatus for decoding an encoded audio signal, includes: a spectral domain audio decoder for generating a first decoded representation of a first set of first spectral portions being spectral prediction residual values; a frequency regenerator for generating a reconstructed second spectral portion using a first spectral portion of the first set of first spectral portions, wherein the reconstructed second spectral portion additionally includes spectral prediction residual values; and an inverse prediction filter for performing an inverse prediction over frequency using the spectral residual values for the first set of first spectral portions and the reconstructed second spectral portion using prediction filter information included in the encoded audio signal.