2991 results about "Variable length" patented technology

One embodiment provides a system that facilitates forwarding a packet. During operation, the system receives a packet with a hierarchically structured variable-length identifier (HSVLI). The system then performs a lookup at a forwarding engine based at least on the packets HSVLI. The system further makes a forwarding decision based on the lookup.

A data compression system and method for that is capable of detecting and eliminating repeated phrases of variable length within a window of virtually unlimited size.

An encoding device includes a color component separating unit for separating an input bit stream for the respective color components, a block dividing unit for dividing an input color component signal into blocks to generate a signal of an encoding unit area, a predicted image generating unit for generating a predicted image for the signal, a determining unit for determining a prediction mode used for encoding according to a prediction efficiency of the predicted image, a prediction error encoding unit for encoding a difference between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode determined by the determining unit and the input color component signal, and an encoding unit for variable length-coding the prediction mode, an output from the prediction error encoding unit, and a color component identification flag indicating the color component to which the input bit stream belongs as a result of the color component separation.

In one embodiment, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) caching and logging delivers low latency acknowledgements of input / output (I / O) requests, such as write requests, while avoiding loss of data. Write data may be stored in a portion of an NVRAM configured as, e.g., a persistent write-back cache, while parameters of the request may be stored in another portion of the NVRAM configured as one or more logs, e.g., NVLogs. The write data may be organized into separate variable length blocks or extents and “written back” out-of-order from the write back cache to storage devices, such as solid state drives (SSDs). The write data may be preserved in the write-back cache until each extent is safely and successfully stored on SSD (i.e., in the event of power loss), or operations associated with the write request are sufficiently logged on NVLog.

One embodiment provides a system that receives a packet with a hierarchically structured variable-length identifier (HSVLI). An HSVLI indicates a piece or collection of content and may be hierarchically structured, comprising contiguous components ordered from a most general level to a most specific level. The length of a respective identifier is not fixed. During operation, the system converts the HSVLI into a fixed-length key. Subsequently, the system obtains forwarding information based on one or more longest-prefix matches with a longest-prefix-match lookup engine using the fixed-length key. Next, the system forwards the packet to an output port based on the forwarding information.

A flexible OFDM / OFDMA frame structure technology for communication systems is disclosed. The OFDM frame structure technology comprises a configurable-length frame which contains a variable length subframe structure to effectively utilize OFDM bandwidth. Furthermore, the frame structure facilitates spectrum sharing between multiple communication systems.

A crytography method of encrypting data is disclosed. The method provides for creating or selecting a master key. Thereafter, the data to be encrypted is segmented into data blocks of equal or variable lengths. For each data block a sub-key of an arbitrary starting position is selected from a pre-defined set of arbitrary positions and of matched or unmatched length from the master key, where the master key length is selected from a pre-defined set of arbitrary lengths. Having acquired the sub-key for each data block, each data block is encrypted using its sub-key and an encryption algorithm.

One embodiment provides a system that forwards a packet with a hierarchically structured variable-length identifier (HSVLI) in a network. An HSVLI indicates a piece of content and indicates a hierarchical structure of contiguous components ordered from a most general level to a most specific level. The length of the HSVLI is not fixed. During operation, the system receives a packet which contains an interest for a piece of content with an HSVLI. Subsequently, the system determines forwarding information for the HSVLI based on one or more of: knowledge of content which matches the HSVLI, a forwarding policy, and contextual information about the network. Next, the system configures a forwarding engine with the forwarding information. The system then forwards the packet based on the forwarding information.

An object of this invention is to reduce a calculation amount and required storage capacity of a URL switch by dividing transfer destination determining processing among a plurality of devices. Provided is a computer system including: a plurality of servers; and a packet transfer device, in which: the servers are coupled to the packet transfer device; the packet transfer device is coupled to a client terminal via a network; the packet transfer device receives a content request including a fixed-length hash value that is calculated from a variable-length identifier of the content requested by the client terminal; extracts the hash value from the received content request; and determines, based on the extracted hash value, to which one of the plurality of servers the content request is to be transferred.

One embodiment provides a system for forwarding packets with hierarchically structured variable-length identifiers (HSVLIs), wherein the computer includes a processor. During operation, the system converts an HSVLI into a number of fixed-length addresses, wherein the HSVLI indicates a piece of content and is hierarchically structured, and comprises contiguous components ordered from a most general level to a most specific level. In addition, the length of a respective HSVLI is not fixed. The system further performs an effective longest-prefix-match lookup by performing multiple exact-match lookups based at least on the fixed-length addresses.

An imaging system incorporating adaptive compression which includes determining linear predictive differential residuals from an imager array pixel row. The differential residuals are classified into categories, each category having a range of differential residuals associated with it. The categories are analyzed to produce an ordered list having categories with most to least frequent residuals falling within a respective residual range associated with a respective category. The ordered list is then used to select a variable length encoding table with a matching ordered list. Variable length encoded category and range position offset data is output to a serializer unit, where the range position offset refers to a position in a range associated with a particular category.

A method for a combined adaptive digital pre-distorter and pre-equalizer apparatus in single- and / or multiple-link hopping radio systems including hopping among a plurality of radio links to transmit variable-length bursts of radio signals on the plurality of radio links. Further, pre-distorting amplitude and phase of transmitted signal constellations based on the inverse AM-to-AM and AM-to-PM characteristics and the operating conditions of the high-power amplifier, respectively. Further, pre-equalizing amplitude and group-delay variations of the transmit RF radio using the pre-stored estimated complex tap coefficient of the pre-equalizer under different frequency bands.

One embodiment provides a system that facilitates forwarding a packet. During operation, the system receives a packet with a hierarchically structured variable-length identifier (HSVLI). The system then performs a lookup at a forwarding engine based at least on the packets HSVLI. The system further makes a forwarding decision based on the lookup.

A communication apparatus generates a single physical frame including a plurality of MAC frames, and transmits the physical frame. The physical frame has variable-length bitmap information comprising bits corresponding to the plurality of MAC frames, respectively, and length information of the bitmap information.

The subject intradermal delivery device provides for penetration to a fixed depth without requiring special expertise by the user. The device consists of a syringe nested inside an inner shell and an outer shell. An elongated annular channel is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell. A housing receives the syringe and concentric shells in a sliding engagement. A first seal on the distal end of the housing forms a variable length channel in communication with the elongated annular channel via a port formed in the outer shell. When the device is applied to the skin, the housing and syringe are slid towards the skin, and the variable length channel generates a vacuum which forces the skin to bulge into the elongated annular channel. As a result, the skin is tensioned across the inner shell to form a substantially planar, taut target area of skin. The taut target area of skin in combination with a stop on the housing determines the insertion depth of the syringe.

Described are techniques used in a computer system for handling data operations to storage devices. A switching fabric includes one or more fast paths for handling lightweight, common data operations and at least one control path for handling other data operations. A control path manages one or more fast paths. The fast path and the control path are utilized in mapping virtual to physical addresses using mapping tables. The mapping tables include an extent table of one or more entries corresponding to varying address ranges. The size of an extent may be changed dynamically in accordance with a corresponding state change of physical storage. The fast path may cache only portions of the extent table as needed in accordance with a caching technique. The fast path may cache a subset of the extent table stored within the control path. A set of primitives may be used in performing data operations. A locking mechanism is described for controlling access to data shared by the control paths.

The present invention provides a multi-service queuing method and apparatus that provides exhaustive arbitration, load balancing, and support for rapid port failover. Routers and switches according to the present invention can instantaneously direct the flow of traffic to another port should there be a failure on a link, efficiently handle multicast traffic and provide multiple service classes. The fabric interface interfaces the switch fabric with the ingress and egress functions provided at a network node and provides virtual input and output queuing with backpressure feedback, redundancy for high availability applications, and packet segmentation and reassembly into variable length cells. The user configures fixed and variable-length cells. Virtual input and output queues are coupled to a switch fabric. Statistics regarding the virtual input and output queues are collected and packet queuing for the virtual input and output queues is controlled using the collected statistic to provide congestion control for the virtual input and output queues and the switch fabric.

The present invention permits the transmission of variable size PDUs using a Hierarchical Sequence Numbering Space approach that supports ARQ protocols in a variable transmission rate environment. Some of the key attributes of this scheme are: (1) Support for arbitrarily variable PDU sizes; (2) Variable length sequence numbers in protocol headers; (3) Variable depth sequence numbers in protocol headers; (4) Dynamic sequence number context to minimize the size of sequence numbers transmitted in PDUs; (5) Protocol control schemes to coordinate and communicate sequence number space information between peer protocol entities; and (6) Data structures and approaches for the efficient implementation of Hierarchical Sequence Number Space schemes.

A Fibre Channel switch is presented that tracks the congestion status of destination ports in an XOFF mask at each input. A mapping is maintained between virtual channels on an ISL and the destination ports to allow changes in the XOFF mask to trigger a primitive to an upstream port that provides virtual channel flow control. The XOFF mask is also used to avoid sending frames to a congested port. Instead, these frames are stored on a single deferred queue and later processed in a manner designed to maintain frame ordering. A routing system is provided that applies multiple routing rules in parallel to perform line speed routing. The preferred switch fabric is cell based, with techniques used to manage path maintenance for variable length frames and to adapt to varying transmission rates in the system. Finally, the switch allows data and microprocessor communication to share the same crossbar network.

The version set backup and restore facility responds to a version set backup request by backing up multiple snapshot copies of a storage object concurrently from a storage array to backup storage media. The version set backup and restore facility responds to a version set restore request by restoring a plurality of snapshot copies of the storage object concurrently from the backup storage media to the storage array. The on-tape backup image of the version set includes variable-length extents of data for each of the multiple snapshot copies of the storage object. The variable-length extents of data for each of the snapshot copies of the storage object are grouped together and ordered in the on-tape backup image by increasing or decreasing logical block address.

A shelving and package locating system for delivery vehicles includes one or more shelves for storing packages within a delivery vehicle during delivery. Each package is associated with both a geographic delivery address and an assigned location on a particular shelf within the delivery vehicle. A GPS unit determines the location of the delivery vehicle during delivery, and a computer provides the shelf location of a particular package when that package's delivery-location information substantially corresponds to vehicle location information. Several embodiments exist for registering the location of the package in the vehicle at load time, such as scanned location indicia, light sensors on shelves, pressure sensors on shelves, pressure sensors on the floor of the vehicle, and light spot. Several embodiments exist for locating the package in the vehicle at delivery time, such as a pick-to-light system that employs variable length lighting and a light pointer system that generates a light spot.

The foregoing application describes a system and method of performing a minimally invasive surgical operation. More specifically, the invention involves the use of disposable cannula and slender dilators of variable lengths, which incorporate a source of illumination to carry light to a surgical site and video capabilities for capturing and displaying images from a CMOS or CCD camera device. According to one embodiment, fiber optics run semi-circumferentially or along walls of the cannula / dilator and terminate at about a centimeter from the distal end of the cannula / dilator, thereby preventing illumination from “bottoming out” at the floor of the incision. According to one alternate embodiment, the light fibers may be fashioned in an annulus around one or more camera chips to provide illumination and video of the surgical site. In still another embodiment, the light fibers may be replaced by light emitting diodes in a more remote light source or alternatively at the distal-tip of the CMOS or CCD camera device.

A disposable endoscope sheath includes an extendable sleeve sized to accommodate an endoscope shaft having a viewing end. The extendable sleeve has a variable length. A distal portion of the sleeve is configured to direct irrigation fluid onto the viewing end of the endoscope to flush surgical debris from the viewing end of the endoscope.

Encoding and decoding are uniformly carried out for a plurality of chroma formats. Based on a control signal for providing a chroma format type of an input moving image signal, in the case of a chroma format of 4:2:0 or 4:2:2, a first intra prediction mode deciding unit and a first intra prediction image generation unit are applied to a luminance component of the input moving image signal, and a second intra prediction mode deciding unit and a second intra prediction image generation unit are applied to a chrominance component. In the case of a chroma format of 4:4:4, the first intra prediction mode deciding unit and the first intra prediction image generation unit are applied to all color components to carry out encoding, and a variable length encoding unit multiplexes the control signal as encoding data to be applied to a moving image sequence unit on a bit stream.

Systems and methods for performing a secure transaction provided. In one embodiment, the method includes: reading data on a command token, reading data on a token; encrypting the token data with a key; encrypting an authentication data with a clear text token data; and transmitting the encrypted authentication data with the encrypted token data to a remote device.

An OFDM / OFDMA frame structure technology for communication systems is disclosed. The OFDM / OFDMA frame structure technology comprises a variable length sub-frame structure with efficiently sized cyclic prefixes and efficient transition gap durations operable to effectively utilize OFDM / OFDMA bandwidth. Furthermore, the frame structure provides compatibility with multiple wireless communication systems. An uplink frame structure and a downlink frame structure are provided.

An encoding device includes a color component separating unit for separating an input bit stream for the respective color components, a block dividing unit for dividing an input color component signal into blocks to generate a signal of an encoding unit area, a predicted image generating unit for generating a predicted image for the signal, a determining unit for determining a prediction mode used for encoding according to a prediction efficiency of the predicted image, a prediction error encoding unit for encoding a difference between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode determined by the determining unit and the input color component signal, and an encoding unit for variable length-coding the prediction mode, an output from the prediction error encoding unit, and a color component identification flag indicating the color component to which the input bit stream belongs as a result of the color component separation.

A robust method to compress relations close to their entropy while still allowing efficient queries. Column values are encoded into variable length codes to exploit skew in their frequencies. The codes in each tuple are concatenated and the resulting tuplecodes are sorted and delta-coded to exploit the lack of ordering in a relation. Correlation is exploited either by co-coding correlated columns, or by using a sort order that can leverage the correlation. Also presented is a novel Huffman coding scheme, called segregated coding, that preserves maximum compression while allowing range and equality predicates on the compressed data, without even accessing the full dictionary. Delta coding is exploited to speed up queries, by reusing computations performed on nearly identical records.