1235 results about "Variable length" patented technology

One embodiment provides a system that facilitates forwarding a packet. During operation, the system receives a packet with a hierarchically structured variable-length identifier (HSVLI). The system then performs a lookup at a forwarding engine based at least on the packets HSVLI. The system further makes a forwarding decision based on the lookup.

A data compression system and method for that is capable of detecting and eliminating repeated phrases of variable length within a window of virtually unlimited size.

An encoding device includes a color component separating unit for separating an input bit stream for the respective color components, a block dividing unit for dividing an input color component signal into blocks to generate a signal of an encoding unit area, a predicted image generating unit for generating a predicted image for the signal, a determining unit for determining a prediction mode used for encoding according to a prediction efficiency of the predicted image, a prediction error encoding unit for encoding a difference between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode determined by the determining unit and the input color component signal, and an encoding unit for variable length-coding the prediction mode, an output from the prediction error encoding unit, and a color component identification flag indicating the color component to which the input bit stream belongs as a result of the color component separation.

A crytography method of encrypting data is disclosed. The method provides for creating or selecting a master key. Thereafter, the data to be encrypted is segmented into data blocks of equal or variable lengths. For each data block a sub-key of an arbitrary starting position is selected from a pre-defined set of arbitrary positions and of matched or unmatched length from the master key, where the master key length is selected from a pre-defined set of arbitrary lengths. Having acquired the sub-key for each data block, each data block is encrypted using its sub-key and an encryption algorithm.

An object of this invention is to reduce a calculation amount and required storage capacity of a URL switch by dividing transfer destination determining processing among a plurality of devices. Provided is a computer system including: a plurality of servers; and a packet transfer device, in which: the servers are coupled to the packet transfer device; the packet transfer device is coupled to a client terminal via a network; the packet transfer device receives a content request including a fixed-length hash value that is calculated from a variable-length identifier of the content requested by the client terminal; extracts the hash value from the received content request; and determines, based on the extracted hash value, to which one of the plurality of servers the content request is to be transferred.

The present invention relates to an adjustable spacer. The spacer includes an elongate member. The spacer includes a sleeve extendable around the elongate member. The elongate member is moveable relative to the sleeve. The sleeve has a locking member. The spacer includes an engaging member configured to selectively engage the locking member for inhibiting movement of the sleeve relative to the elongate member when a desired spacing of the elongate member relative to the sleeve is determined.

One embodiment provides a system for forwarding packets with hierarchically structured variable-length identifiers (HSVLIs), wherein the computer includes a processor. During operation, the system converts an HSVLI into a number of fixed-length addresses, wherein the HSVLI indicates a piece of content and is hierarchically structured, and comprises contiguous components ordered from a most general level to a most specific level. In addition, the length of a respective HSVLI is not fixed. The system further performs an effective longest-prefix-match lookup by performing multiple exact-match lookups based at least on the fixed-length addresses.

A method for a combined adaptive digital pre-distorter and pre-equalizer apparatus in single- and/or multiple-link hopping radio systems including hopping among a plurality of radio links to transmit variable-length bursts of radio signals on the plurality of radio links. Further, pre-distorting amplitude and phase of transmitted signal constellations based on the inverse AM-to-AM and AM-to-PM characteristics and the operating conditions of the high-power amplifier, respectively. Further, pre-equalizing amplitude and group-delay variations of the transmit RF radio using the pre-stored estimated complex tap coefficient of the pre-equalizer under different frequency bands.

A communication apparatus generates a single physical frame including a plurality of MAC frames, and transmits the physical frame. The physical frame has variable-length bitmap information comprising bits corresponding to the plurality of MAC frames, respectively, and length information of the bitmap information.

The subject intradermal delivery device provides for penetration to a fixed depth without requiring special expertise by the user. The device consists of a syringe nested inside an inner shell and an outer shell. An elongated annular channel is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell. A housing receives the syringe and concentric shells in a sliding engagement. A first seal on the distal end of the housing forms a variable length channel in communication with the elongated annular channel via a port formed in the outer shell. When the device is applied to the skin, the housing and syringe are slid towards the skin, and the variable length channel generates a vacuum which forces the skin to bulge into the elongated annular channel. As a result, the skin is tensioned across the inner shell to form a substantially planar, taut target area of skin. The taut target area of skin in combination with a stop on the housing determines the insertion depth of the syringe.

The present invention provides a multi-service queuing method and apparatus that provides exhaustive arbitration, load balancing, and support for rapid port failover. Routers and switches according to the present invention can instantaneously direct the flow of traffic to another port should there be a failure on a link, efficiently handle multicast traffic and provide multiple service classes. The fabric interface interfaces the switch fabric with the ingress and egress functions provided at a network node and provides virtual input and output queuing with backpressure feedback, redundancy for high availability applications, and packet segmentation and reassembly into variable length cells. The user configures fixed and variable-length cells. Virtual input and output queues are coupled to a switch fabric. Statistics regarding the virtual input and output queues are collected and packet queuing for the virtual input and output queues is controlled using the collected statistic to provide congestion control for the virtual input and output queues and the switch fabric.

The present invention permits the transmission of variable size PDUs using a Hierarchical Sequence Numbering Space approach that supports ARQ protocols in a variable transmission rate environment. Some of the key attributes of this scheme are: (1) Support for arbitrarily variable PDU sizes; (2) Variable length sequence numbers in protocol headers; (3) Variable depth sequence numbers in protocol headers; (4) Dynamic sequence number context to minimize the size of sequence numbers transmitted in PDUs; (5) Protocol control schemes to coordinate and communicate sequence number space information between peer protocol entities; and (6) Data structures and approaches for the efficient implementation of Hierarchical Sequence Number Space schemes.

A Fibre Channel switch is presented that tracks the congestion status of destination ports in an XOFF mask at each input. A mapping is maintained between virtual channels on an ISL and the destination ports to allow changes in the XOFF mask to trigger a primitive to an upstream port that provides virtual channel flow control. The XOFF mask is also used to avoid sending frames to a congested port. Instead, these frames are stored on a single deferred queue and later processed in a manner designed to maintain frame ordering. A routing system is provided that applies multiple routing rules in parallel to perform line speed routing. The preferred switch fabric is cell based, with techniques used to manage path maintenance for variable length frames and to adapt to varying transmission rates in the system. Finally, the switch allows data and microprocessor communication to share the same crossbar network.

The version set backup and restore facility responds to a version set backup request by backing up multiple snapshot copies of a storage object concurrently from a storage array to backup storage media. The version set backup and restore facility responds to a version set restore request by restoring a plurality of snapshot copies of the storage object concurrently from the backup storage media to the storage array. The on-tape backup image of the version set includes variable-length extents of data for each of the multiple snapshot copies of the storage object. The variable-length extents of data for each of the snapshot copies of the storage object are grouped together and ordered in the on-tape backup image by increasing or decreasing logical block address.

The foregoing application describes a system and method of performing a minimally invasive surgical operation. More specifically, the invention involves the use of disposable cannula and slender dilators of variable lengths, which incorporate a source of illumination to carry light to a surgical site and video capabilities for capturing and displaying images from a CMOS or CCD camera device. According to one embodiment, fiber optics run semi-circumferentially or along walls of the cannula/dilator and terminate at about a centimeter from the distal end of the cannula/dilator, thereby preventing illumination from “bottoming out” at the floor of the incision. According to one alternate embodiment, the light fibers may be fashioned in an annulus around one or more camera chips to provide illumination and video of the surgical site. In still another embodiment, the light fibers may be replaced by light emitting diodes in a more remote light source or alternatively at the distal-tip of the CMOS or CCD camera device.

Encoding and decoding are uniformly carried out for a plurality of chroma formats. Based on a control signal for providing a chroma format type of an input moving image signal, in the case of a chroma format of 4:2:0 or 4:2:2, a first intra prediction mode deciding unit and a first intra prediction image generation unit are applied to a luminance component of the input moving image signal, and a second intra prediction mode deciding unit and a second intra prediction image generation unit are applied to a chrominance component. In the case of a chroma format of 4:4:4, the first intra prediction mode deciding unit and the first intra prediction image generation unit are applied to all color components to carry out encoding, and a variable length encoding unit multiplexes the control signal as encoding data to be applied to a moving image sequence unit on a bit stream.

Systems and methods for performing a secure transaction provided. In one embodiment, the method includes: reading data on a command token, reading data on a token; encrypting the token data with a key; encrypting an authentication data with a clear text token data; and transmitting the encrypted authentication data with the encrypted token data to a remote device.

An OFDM/OFDMA frame structure technology for communication systems is disclosed. The OFDM/OFDMA frame structure technology comprises a variable length sub-frame structure with efficiently sized cyclic prefixes and efficient transition gap durations operable to effectively utilize OFDM/OFDMA bandwidth. Furthermore, the frame structure provides compatibility with multiple wireless communication systems. An uplink frame structure and a downlink frame structure are provided.

An encoding device includes a color component separating unit for separating an input bit stream for the respective color components, a block dividing unit for dividing an input color component signal into blocks to generate a signal of an encoding unit area, a predicted image generating unit for generating a predicted image for the signal, a determining unit for determining a prediction mode used for encoding according to a prediction efficiency of the predicted image, a prediction error encoding unit for encoding a difference between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode determined by the determining unit and the input color component signal, and an encoding unit for variable length-coding the prediction mode, an output from the prediction error encoding unit, and a color component identification flag indicating the color component to which the input bit stream belongs as a result of the color component separation.

A method and apparatus for Intra prediction mode encoding or decoding based on multi-level most probable modes (MPMs) are disclosed. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the method and apparatus for encoding or decoding Intra prediction mode for 4×4 prediction unit (PU) use 19 Intra mode candidates to have full directional coverage or 35 Intra mode candidates as used by 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 PUs. In another embodiment of the present invention, three MPMs are used to code the Intra modes. Various methods to derive the three MPMs based on the Intra modes of neighboring blocks are disclosed. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the coding method for the remaining modes comprises fixed length coding. In addition, variable length coding for the remaining modes are also disclosed.

A copy instruction executed by a functional-level instruction-set computing (FLIC) processor copies a variable-length data block from one resource to another resource through a cross-bar switch. Resources include general-purpose registers, input, output, and execution buffers, DRAM, SRAM, and other memory. A copy-with-validate instruction has an operand pointing to a first rule in an immediate rule table. The first rule controls validation of a first data-item in the data being copied. Validation includes range and equality checking of the data-item. The value of the data-item or the current offset can be written to a register. A format field in the rule indicates the size of the data-item, or the size is read from the data-item for variable-size formats. The current offset is incremented by the size. The next data-item is validated by a next rule, and other rules in the immediate table control validation of other data-items in the data block.

The present invention relates to disk drive having a cache control system that generates scan results that permit response to a host command using existing cached data having a logical block address (LBA) range that overlaps a host command LBA range. The cache control system forms variable length segments of memory clusters in a cache memory for caching disk data in contiguous LBA ranges. The cached LBA ranges are scanned for segments having LBA ranges overlapping with an LBA range of a host command. The cache control system is effective in exploiting any existing overlapping cache data.

A microprocessor configured to cache basic blocks of instructions is disclosed. The microprocessor may comprise decoding logic, a basic block cache, and a branch prediction unit. The decoding logic is coupled to receive and decode variable-length instructions into padded instructions that have one of a predetermined number of predetermined lengths. The decoding logic is further configured to form basic blocks of instructions from the padded and decoded instructions. Basic blocks are natural divisions in instruction streams resulting from branch instructions. The start of a basic block is a target of a branch, and the end is another branch instruction. The basic block cache is configured to store the basic blocks in a plurality of storage locations, wherein each storage location is configured to store an address tag, a link bit, and at least a portion of one basic block. The link bit indicates whether the basic block stored in said storage location extends into another storage location. The branch prediction unit has a branch prediction array storing branch prediction information corresponding to each storage location within the basic block cache. A computer system and method for operating are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a disk drive including a cache memory having a plurality of sequentially-ordered memory clusters for caching disk data stored in sectors (not shown) on disks of a disk assembly. The disk sectors are identified by logical block addresses (LBAs). A cache control system of the disk drive comprises a cluster control block memory, having a plurality of cluster control blocks (CCB), and a tag memory 22, having a plurality of tag records, that are embedded within the cache control system. Each CCB includes a cluster segment record with an entry for associating the CCB with a particular memory cluster and for forming variable length segments of the memory clusters without regard to the sequential order of the memory clusters. Each tag record assigns a segment to a continuous range of LBAs and defines the CCBs forming the segment. Each segment of the memory clusters is for caching data from a contiguous range of the logical block addresses. The cache control system efficiently exploits available memory clusters for responding to host commands.

Interventional catheter assemblies that operate over a guide wire and incorporate guide wire management systems are disclosed. Specifically, a guide wire buffer zone is provided between a proximal end of the interventional catheter and the guide wire clamp that accommodates variable lengths of exposed guide wire in an unrestrained condition when the guide wire is clamped, allowing the distal end of the operating catheter to be advanced and retracted over the distal end of the guide wire without repositioning and reclamping the proximal end of the guide wire. The configuration of the guide wire buffer zone may be adjusted prior to or during an intervention based on the anticipated range of axial motion of the catheter and operating head relative to the guide wire.

Techniques and tools for using motion vector block patterns in video encoding and decoding are described. In general, a motion vector block pattern signals the presence or absence of motion vector data for a macroblock with multiple motion vectors. For example, a video decoder decodes variable length codes that represent motion vector block patterns. Each motion vector block pattern has one bit per corresponding luminance motion vector of a macroblock with multiple luminance motion vectors, where the one bit indicates whether or not motion vector data for the corresponding luminance motion vector is signaled. A video encoder performs corresponding encoding.

A left atrial appendage occlusion device including an occluder disk configured to substantially prevent blood from at least one of entering and exiting the left atrial appendage, a middle portion including a coiled element and a first anchoring element. The coiled element connects to the occluder disk, has a substantially constant cross section and allows for variable length, variable orientation, and/or varied angles. The first anchoring element connects to the coiled element and includes scalloped edges that are configured to anchor the occlusion device to inner walls of the left atrial appendage and reduce the risk of one of penetration and perforation of walls of the left atrial appendage. The left atrial appendage occlusion device may also include a self-centering element that connects to the occluder disk and middle portion and is configured to center the occlusion device within the orifice of the left atrial appendage.

A computer process, called VGRAM, improves the performance of these string search algorithms in computers by using a carefully chosen dictionary of variable-length grams based on their frequencies in the string collection. A dynamic programming algorithm for computing a tight lower bound on the number of common grams shared by two similar strings in order to improve query performance is disclosed. A method for automatically computing a dictionary of high-quality grams for a workload of queries. Improvement on query performance is achieved by these techniques by a cost-based quantitative approach to deciding good grams for approximate string queries. An approach for answering approximate queries efficiently based on discarding gram lists, and another is based on combining correlated lists. An indexing structure is reduced to a given amount of space, while retaining efficient query processing by using algorithms in a computer based on discarding gram lists and combining correlated lists.

A method and apparatus for decoding a coded video data in a digital broadcast receiver. The method includes: determining a resizing control signal for resizing a received video data; analyzing header information from a decoded video stream and separating and outputting a video data; resizing the separated video data by the resizing control signal and decoding the resized video data into an original pixel data with an original data size by using a variable length table; dequantizing the decoded video data; resizing and converting the dequantized frequency-domain video data into a two dimensional spatial domain video data by the resizing control signal; movement compensating for movement of a movement compensation data corresponding to one of the inverse-transformed video data and the separated video data; and converting outputs of the inverse transform unit and the movement compensation unit into display data for a display unit.

Systems, methods, and computer programs for high quality wide-range multi-layer image compression coding, including consistent ubiquitous use of floating point values in essentially all computations; an adjustable floating-point deadband; use of an optimal band-split filter; use of entire SNR layers at lower resolution levels; targeting of specific SNR layers to specific quality improvements; concentration of coding bits in regions of interest in targeted band-split and SNR layers; use of statically-assigned targets for high-pass and/or for SNR layers; improved SNR by using a lower quantization value for regions of an image showing a higher compression coding error; application of non-linear functions of color when computing difference values when creating an SNR layer; use of finer overall quantization at lower resolution levels with regional quantization scaling; removal of source image noise before motion-compensated compression or film steadying; use of one or more full-range low bands; use of alternate quantization control images for SNR bands and other high resolution enhancing bands; application of lossless variable-length coding using adaptive regions; use of a folder and file structure for layers of bits; and a method of inserting new intra frames by counting the number of bits needed for a motion compensated frame.