The invention belongs to the technical field of data communication. The invention discloses an electronic data communication method and system based on the Internet of Things. The electronic data communication system based on the Internet of Things comprises an electronic data acquisition module, a data processing module, a main control module, a data encryption module, an Internet of Things communication module, a network access optimization module, a data decoding module, an electronic data verification module, a data backup module, a data cache module and a display module. Through the decoding module, the electronic data communication decoding accuracy of the Internet of Things can be greatly improved; meanwhile, the backup module is used for solving the problem that in the prior art, only physical backup and logic backup modes are adopted so that the specific electronic database object cannot be backed up, or low backup and restoration efficiency and electronic data loss are caused, and the effect of efficiently and losslessly backing up and restoring the electronic data of the specific electronic database object is achieved.