344results about How to "High degree of informatization" patented technology

The invention discloses an intelligent inspection system and an inspection method for an electric transmission line by an unmanned aerial vehicle. The intelligent inspection system comprises an inspection mission planning system, a dispatching system, a monitoring system, an inspection result processing platform and mobile branch stations, wherein the inspection mission planning system communicates with the inspection result processing platform and the dispatching system respectively; the inspection result processing platform and the dispatching system communicates with the monitoring system respectively; the monitoring system is connected and communicate with the mobile branch stations. The inspection method has the benefits that factors of the inspection unmanned aerial vehicle, inspection equipment, an inspector, and the like accessing the dispatching platform through a dispatching terminal can be dispatched effectively to realize equipped configuration of unmanned aerial vehicle inspection resource; the usage rates of personnel and equipment can be improved; the no-load rate and vacancy rate of the inspection equipment are reduced; through centralized monitoring of condition information inspected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned aerial vehicle inspection dispatching personnel can master unmanned aerial vehicle inspection in the large effectively; the service life of the unmanned aerial vehicle is prolonged.

The invention discloses a centralized monitoring system for power transmission line routing inspection of unmanned aerial vehicles. The centralized monitoring system comprises a centralized monitoring subsystem, mobile substations and unmanned aerial vehicle flying platforms. The centralized monitoring subsystem and the mobile substations are connected in a one-to-more mode, and the mobile substations and the unmanned aerial vehicle flying platforms are connected in a one-to-one mode. By adopting a mode that remote centralized monitoring and local monitoring are combined, information including flying states, pod states, power transmission lines and routing inspection results of more than one line patrol unmanned aerial vehicles are subjected to centralized monitoring, persons, devices and routing inspection lines related to unmanned aerial vehicle routing inspection tasks are planned and managed, centralized management and defect diagnosis are performed on the routing inspection results, the informatization and automation degree of the unmanned aerial vehicle routing inspection process and routing inspection result processing are improved, the routing inspection efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicles is improved, and a technical support is provided for safe and reliable running of routing inspection line routing inspection.

The invention discloses a movable substation for unmanned aerial vehicle electric transmission line inspection. The movable substation is used for planning and issuing flight tasks, carrying out local monitoring on inspection state information and inspection data, pre-processing inspection image data and carrying out defect pre-diagnosing on inspection result data. The movable substation comprises a human-computer interaction module, an inspection task synchronizing module, a nacelle control module, a GIS module, a flight control module, a flight task planning module, a defect pre-diagnosing module, an image pre-processing module, a meteorology monitoring module, a flight task monitoring module, a data storing module, a GPS module and a communication module. According to the movable substation, the informatization and automation degrees of unmanned aerial vehicle inspecting process and inspecting result processing are enhanced, the efficiency of inspection of an unmanned aerial vehicle is improved, and technology support is provided for safe and reliable operation of unmanned aerial vehicle circuit inspection.

The invention discloses a centralized monitoring subsystem for power transmission line routing inspection with an unmanned plane. The centralized monitoring subsystem is used for accessing state information and routing inspection data of a mobile substation and an unmanned plane flight platform, programming and synchronizing unmanned plane routing inspection tasks, monitoring the mobile substation and the unmanned plane flight platform for unmanned plane routing inspection remotely in real time, performing defect diagnosis, statistics and analysis on routing inspection data and showing the routing inspection data, describing the real-time state scene and the electric power environment of the current routing inspection with the unmanned plane, programming and managing operators, equipment and a routing inspection line involved in the line routing inspection task of the unmanned plane, managing centrally and diagnosing the defects of the routing inspection result, intensifying the informationization and automation degree of the unmanned plane routing inspection process and routing inspection result treatment, improving the unmanned plane routing inspection efficiency, and providing technical support for the safe and reliable running of the unmanned plane line routing inspection.

The invention relates to an assembly type building component intelligent management system based on BIM (building information modeling). The assembly type building component intelligent management system comprises public Internet, wherein the public Internet is respectively connected with a BIM work station, a BIM and RFID (radio frequency identification) display terminal, a factory BIM and RFID work station, a BIM and RFID moving work station, an in-site BIM and RFID work station and a logistics BIM and RFID reading terminal, a BIM server is arranged between the public Internet and the BIM work station, the factory BIM and RFID work station is connected with a high-capacity active RFID anti-metal label, the BIM and RFID moving work station is connected with the in-site BIM and RFID reading terminal and an in-site BIM and RFID writing terminal, and the in-site BIM and RFID reading terminal and the in-site BIM and RFID writing terminal are connected with the in-site BIM and RFID work station. Compared with the prior art, the assembly type building component intelligent management system has the advantages that the information chain is complete, the informationization degree is high, the advantages of the BIM technology is sufficiently realized, the work efficiency and the accuracy of the component management in the assembly type building construction can be obviously improved, the remote component monitoring and the construction schedule monitoring can be realized, the component information collection is convenient, and in addition, the component installation efficiency can be improved.

The invention discloses an image recognition meter reading system and method. The method comprises the step of marking meters according to a bar code or a two-dimensional code, wherein the bar code or the two-dimensional code stores the basic information of the meters; the step of acquiring images of the bar code or the two-dimensional code through an image collecting device and acquiring the serial numbers and type parameters of the corresponding meters by recognizing the images; the step of acquiring the displayed numbers of the meters through the image collecting device in the form of images and sending the number images to a center server, wherein the center server comprises an image recognizing system for recognizing the information of the number images, the image recognizing system stores the information of the recognized read images as the meter numbers which can be recognized through a computer, the meter numbers correspond to the serial numbers and the type parameters of the meters, and the basic information and the numbers of the meters are output.

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tools and particularly relates to an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) technology-based dynamic tool management method of a Siemens 840D numerical control system. Through research on an RFID automatic identification technology and integration with a numerical control system, a tool in a machining center is automatically identified. An RFID reader-writer selected by the invention is a BIS-C-600 type reader-writer produced by Germany BALLUFF company, an automatic tool identification technology is integrated in a numerical control system, tool information is automatically identified and tool key data is read and input to the numerical control system of the machining center, and thus the accuracy and efficiency of tool information entry are effectively improved; and life monitoring data in the numerical control system is written an RFID chip, thus a tool which is discarded or approaches the life limit is effectively prevented from being misused, and the risks that the machining quality of products is reduced and even the production safety accidents are caused are avoided. The firm foundation is laid for further realizing the tool network-based management of the whole workshop.

The invention belongs to the technical field of construction systems, and particularly relates to a device and a method for dynamic association of two-dimensional and three-dimensional engineering data based on BIM (building information modeling) lightweight. The device comprises a drawing association module, a synchronous model module and a data dynamic association module, wherein the drawing association module is used for a first step, the synchronous model module is used for a second step, and the data dynamic association module is used for a third step. The device and the method solve the problems that BIM based design document informatization management is absent, consequently, corresponding design documents and engineering data cannot be called by positioning corresponding positions in BIM, and two-dimensional and three-dimensional linkage cannot be realized in the prior art. The device and the method have the advantages of high informationization degree, convenience in dynamic maintenance, customized development, business customization, high safety and good dynamic performance.

The invention discloses a real-time monitoring method for growth characters of tea trees in intensive cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: performing real-time data acquisition by a tea tree living body growth character data acquisition device based on online location, transmitting the acquired data to an artificial comprehensive management center through a wireless communication way to process, wherein the acquired data comprises current location data acquired by a locating mechanism, fresh tea leaves spectrum data acquired by a high spectrum imaging sensor, and average growth height of fresh tea leaves measured by an ultrasonic wave sensor, and judging the best fresh tea leaf picking time based on that the data and a picking judgment model established off line are combined by the artificial comprehensive management center. The picking judgment model comprises a bud size growth measurement model based on average growth height, a yield correlation model and a quality correlation model based on the high spectrum image data. The real-time monitoring method for the growth characters of the tea trees in intensive cultivation is beneficial to realizing of intensive cultivation and automation in planting of the tea trees.

The invention discloses a humanized unattended self-service parking system and method based on the Internet, including a remote cloud server connected to the Internet, a third-party payment server, a third-party mainstream map server, and multiple intelligent parking locks; the remote cloud server is based on For the setting of the working status information of the parking space, the information of the free parking space is counted, and the relevant information is released in real time on the third-party mainstream map software for query through the third-party mainstream map server; Communication enables prepayment of parking fees. The centralized information management of scattered private parking spaces and roadside parking lots is realized through Internet technology, and the organic integration of Internet and parking systems is realized, which embodies the concept of smart city.

The invention discloses a high-intelligent photographing and meter reading system and a method. According to the system, meter reading is carried out according to the time, the line and the geographical position planned in advance, the time and the position can be acquired through one-time photographing, the meter number and the reading are analyzed automatically, authenticity of the meter and authenticity of the position can be verified in the case of meter reading, a user is automatically informed to pay the fee and job evaluation is carried out on a meter reading person after meter reading, and according to the meter reading method, quick meter reading can be realized, the degree of information is improved, the error rate of manual meter reading can be reduced, the work intensity is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.

The invention provides an inventory management method, a device and a system and relates to the technical field of inventory management. The method comprises steps of acquiring consumption information input by a consumer on a consumption terminal; according to the consumption information, updating preset storage information or a replenishment period; according to the consumption information, actual storage information and the preset storage information, accounting commodity demand information in the replenishment period; and sending the commodity demand information to an inventory management terminal. According to the invention, according to the acquired consumption information of the consumer, the preset storage information or the replenishment period is updated, then by combining the actual storage information, the commodity demand information in the replenishment period is accounted, and finally the inventory management terminal is informed to carry out replenishment according to the commodity demand information, so inventory management effects of proper purchasing, timely replenishment and optimal inventory quantity are achieved and problems of low informatization degree, low management efficiency and poor management effects existing in the current manual inventory management are solved.

The invention relates to a course arrangement system used for educational training. The course arrangement system is characterized by comprising a server and student terminals arranged on all students, a sign-up module, a pre-course-arrangement module, a course attending notification module, a source management module and a database are arranged on the server, the sign-up module is used for inputting or leading in the students who sign in and course types, course hours and intended course attending time information which corresponds to the students, the pre-course-arrangement module is used for determining corresponding course attending time and substitute teachers according to the students who need course arrangement and the corresponding information of the students and generating a pre-arranged course arrangement table, the course attending notification module is used for sending the course arrangement information including the course attending time to all the student terminals and receiving and processing feedback information sent by the student terminals, the course management module is used for receiving source modification information, modifying the course arrangement table and storing the renewed course arrangement table in the database, and the database is used for storing all the students, the corresponding information of the students, information of the substitute teachers and the generated course arrangement table and providing required information for all the modules. The course arrangement system is beneficial for improving the automation degree and convenience of the course arrangement and the subsequence management.

The invention discloses an animal epidemic monitoring management and early-warning work station which comprises hardware and monitoring management and early-warning program software. The hardware comprises detection equipment and a computer; and the software comprises a database module, an information management authority module, a sample reception and registration module, a sample and information management module, a detection and quarantine management module, a detection and quarantine import module, an animal epidemic early-warning module and a report information management module. The work station is used in animal health supervision agencies, animal epidemic prevention and control agencies, stockbreeding and veterinary administrative departments, livestock and poultry breeding farms and the like; and the work station can normalize effective management on animal epidemic detection, epidemic prevention and control, epidemic monitoring, farming file management and the like, improve informatization degree of the work as well as efficiency of collecting, analyzing, counting and inquiring various data. The early-warning module is adopted to perform timely and efficient early warning, thus facilitating government functional departments to improve working efficiency of animal epidemic monitoring and prevention, as well as epidemic prevention management of livestock and poultry breeding farms.

The invention discloses a shuttle shelf type flue-cured tobacco lamina formula warehouse logistics automation system. A warehousing stacker roadway for running of a warehousing stacker is arranged between a warehousing system and a shuttle shelf, an ex-warehouse stacker roadway is for running of an ex-warehouse stacker is arranged between an ex-warehouse feeding system and the shuttle shelf, the warehousing system comprises a warehousing conveying line in butt joint with the warehousing stacker, the ex-warehouse feeding system comprises a flue-cured tobacco lamina packet feeding sequence arrangement buffer in butt joint with the ex-warehouse stacker, the flue-cured tobacco lamina packet feeding sequence arrangement buffer is connected with an unpacking machine through a feeding conveying line, a flue-cured tobacco lamina packet clamping and holding machine is arranged at the position, between the flue-cured tobacco lamina packet feeding sequence arrangement buffer and the unpacking machine, on the feeding conveying line, the shuttle shelf is provided with a plurality of passages with multiple goods allocations, and the warehousing stacker and the ex-warehouse stacker are in butt joint with a goods inlet end and a goods outlet end of each passage respectively. The system achieves dense storage and automatic warehousing and ex-warehouse of flue-cured tobacco lamina packets, and is less in investment and capable of flexibly and conveniently improving warehousing and ex-warehouse capacity as required.

The invention discloses a fault diagnosis system for a special vehicle. The system comprises one or a plurality of sensors, a basic information acquisition system and a portable intelligent terminal, wherein the basic information acquisition system collects the data of the special vehicle acquired by the sensor, the data is processed to obtain the state data of the special vehicle, and the state data is transmitted to the portable intelligent terminal corresponding to the special vehicle; the portable intelligent terminal receives the state data transmitted by the basic information acquisition system, and carries out fault diagnosis on the special vehicle based on the state data. The fault diagnosis system effectively solves the problem that the use ratio of the data is not high in the prior art. The state data is formed by the acquired data, and the fault diagnosis is carried out by combining the portable intelligent terminal and a long-distance service platform. The data use ratio, the man-machine interaction degree, and the informationization degree and efficiency of the fault diagnosis can be improved.

The invention relates to a performance evaluation and operation optimization system for an electrostatic precipitation system. The performance evaluation and operation optimization system comprises a state evaluation system, an on-line simulation system and the operation optimization system. Multiple key system data of the electrostatic precipitation system are acquired, the real-time operation state of the electrostatic precipitation system is exactly known, the operating data of the electrostatic precipitation system are analyzed through a data algorithm, and evaluation is conducted on the important indexes of the rate of putting into operation, the operating efficiency, energy efficiency and the like of facilities; and modeling is conducted through the system, a full-flow computer simulation model of the electrostatic precipitation system is built, the internal physical rule and the performance constraint condition of the electrostatic precipitation system are applied, the model optimization solution is conducted, the dynamic optimization parameters are determined, and the optimum control strategy of comprehensively considering the economic performance and the environment protection performance is obtained. By the adoption of the performance evaluation and operation optimization system, the performance evaluation and operation optimization of the electrostatic precipitation system can be achieved effectively, and the performance evaluation and operation optimization system has the beneficial effects of being fast in response speed, precise in evaluation conclusion, capable of remarkably improving the efficiency and saving energy and the like.

The invention provides a method for community correction work and a correction device, which relate to a method for supervising, educating and correcting a community correction object and a correction device for implementing the method. Depending on a mobile communication network and the internet, a community correction supervising department masters health, a present position and identity of the correction object by the correction device worn by the correction object; long-distance remote correction supervision, theoretical education, psychological test and correction are carried out by the correction device; biometric identification technology is utilized to carry out remote verification on the identity of the correction object; and the correction device is remotely controlled to carry out self-checking to master the performance condition of the correction device. The community correction object reports personnel information to the supervising department by the correction device. The correction device is provided with a wearing or disassembling control mechanism so that the operation that the correction object wears or disassembles the correction device can be only completed by the community correction supervising department. The correction device is also provided with an undervoltage or power-off multi-protection circuit for preventing breakage, disassembly and technical cracking, which effectively prevents the correction object from being out of control and escaping.

The invention discloses the application of a two-dimensional code and the mobile phone interactive technology in a wedding. The application is achieved through an invitation card webpage setting-up module, an invitation card webpage access module, a first two-dimensional code and a smart mobile phone. According to the application, the degree for spreading information explosion of the wedding is improved, the process of the wedding is greatly changed, brand new wedding experience is brought to people, the wedding is full of modern sense and scientific and technological sense, and warmth is greatly improved.

The invention belongs to the field of rapid food safety detection, and provides a digital rapid food safety detection system, which mainly comprises a detection host machine unit, a sample pretreatment unit and a power supply module, can be provided for detecting a plurality of physical and chemical items, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, and biotoxins, has characteristics of rapid detection, high sensitivity, high informatization degree, and sample treatment-sample detection-informatization management integration, is an optimal selection for safe and rapid on-site detection, meets requirements of enterprise laboratories on food safety routine detection, and has strong promotion and application values. In addition, the detection host machine unit has the following characteristics that: temperature control precision and rotation speed control precision are high, functions of precise timing, short shock inching, temperature calibration and power-down recovery are provided, three functions such as constant temperature maintaining, oscillation and timing can be manually switched, the machine with a plurality of uses can be achieved, and equipment utilization can be increased.

The invention relates to a dry land farmland water potential soft measuring method based on microenvironment information and a soft measuring network. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting and determining auxiliary variable of farmland water potential soft measurement; setting a corresponding sensor according to the auxiliary variable; processing the collected data and generating input data; constructing a farmland water potential soft measurement model, training and checking the soft measurement model by using the sample data obtained in a test; and sending the preprocessed data to the farmland water potential soft measurement model to obtain the farmland water potential estimation value. The soft measuring network comprises a plurality of subnetworks and an accurate irrigation decision centre which performs data communication with the plurality of subnetworks through GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), wherein the subnetwork consists of a farmland water potential soft measurement station and a plurality of network nodes. The invention can realize automatic and continuous monitoring of the farmland water potential, timely and accurately reflect the moisture stress state in the growing process of dry crops and realize automatic and continuous monitoring of parameters of various agricultural microclimates.

The invention discloses an optimized management method for a trepanning task of digital shipbuilding, which comprises a step of preparing trepanning data, a step of leading in and leading out the trepanning data, a step of post-processing trepanning, a step of allocating materials, a step of cutting in the field, a step of recording residual materials, and a step of outputting a trepanning drawing and a result report. According to the optimized management method for the trepanning task of the digital shipbuilding, the trepanning result is efficiently integrated and optimized, and the cutting idle running length is shortened; in addition, a basic intelligent management of trepanning is implemented.

The invention discloses a commodity stock management method and system based on an RFID, and belongs to the technical field of stock management. The method comprises the steps: enabling a warehouse terminal to generate a unique identification code for each commodity corresponding to a commodity demand list, writing the unique identification code information of each commodity and the commodity information into an RFID tag fixed on each commodity through an RFID writer; recognizing each commodity at each circulation link of each commodity according to the unique identification code in the RFID tag, so as to achieve the commodity stock management. According to the embodiment of the invention, the method can solve the problems that a conventional commodity stock management method is low in management efficiency, is low in informationization degree, and is poor in management effect.

The invention provides a method and a system for obtaining road information by using a mobile communication network, belonging to the technical field of the mobile communication network. The method isas follows: using the mobile communication network for receiving information of a mobile terminal from an objective road area; according to the information, extracting position information of the mobile terminal at at least time points, according to the position information and prestored geographic information, obtaining correction velocity of the mobile terminal; comparing the correction velocity of the mobile terminal in the objective road area and the maximum allowable movement speed in the objective road area, and / or according to the distribution of the mobile terminal of the objective road area and the maximum allowable movement speed in the objective road area and / or the maximum limiting value being capable of containing the quantity of the mobile terminal to obtain the road information. The method easily obtains the traffic condition in the area, covers a wide range, and has high automation and information degree, good real-time, high precision, low cost and good road conditionprediction performances.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power station survey, operation and maintenance system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The photovoltaic power station survey, operation and maintenance system comprises a UAV composed of a wing and a rack, and a ground system, and is characterized in that the rack is internally equipped with a positioning module, a laser ranging module, a wired / wireless communication module, a flight control module, a memory module, a visible light camera, and a power system; the UAV is in communication connection with the ground system through the wireless communication module; the flight control module receives a flight control instruction of the ground system and controls flight of the UAV; the power system provides power for the UAV; the laser ranging module detects the flight height of the UAV and the distance between the UAV and an obstacle below in real time; and the ground system includes a flight control program, a remote control transmitting device, database software, analysis and calculation software, image processing software, and a wireless charging transmitting device.

The invention relates to a simulated shooting technology, and discloses a laser simulated shooting training system. The laser simulated shooting training system comprises guns provided with laser emitters and host computers, a central controller, targets provided with laser receivers, and / or human-body receiving parts with laser receivers. When the trigger of one of the guns is pulled, a trigger command is sent to the corresponding host computer in a wireless manner; when the host computer receives the trigger command, the corresponding laser emitter is controlled in a wireless manner so as to emit a laser signal as a virtual bullet, wherein the laser signal carries the information of the gun; when the laser signal is received, the laser receiver sends the position of the laser receiver and the information of the gun to the central controller in a wireless manner. Therefore, the simulation degree of the laser simulated shooting training system can be increased, and the shooting training effect can be improved; besides, the arrangement of wires is not needed, so that the space is saved; the extension of the system is convenient, namely the expansibility of the system is good; the timeliness of the system is improved.

The invention discloses a distribution box. The distribution box is provided with a box body (1), distribution equipment is arranged in the box body (1), a controller (2) is arranged on the box body (1), an entrance guard management system (3) is arranged on a box door of the box body (1), the output end of the entrance guard management system (3) is connected with the input end of the controller (2), the output end of the controller (2) is connected with an automatic unlocking device (4), the entrance guard management system (3) is used for detecting and correcting the information of a person who picks and places tools and checking the information with the information input into a database of the controller (2), and the automatic unlocking device (4) is opened by the controller (2) after the information of person detected by the entrance guard management system (3) is sent into the controller and checked to be uniform with the information input in the database.

The invention relates to a multi-phase optical fiber embedded power cable. The power cable comprises an optical fiber cable, a plurality of cable assemblies for clamping the optical fiber cable, filler yarns, a lapped layer and an outer sheath, wherein the filler yarns surround the optical fiber cable and the cable assemblies; the lapped layer wraps up the optical fiber cable, the cable assemblies and the filler yarns; the outer sheath surrounds the lapped layer; the cable assemblies comprise copper core conductors and insulating layers wrapping up the copper core conductors; the optical fiber cable comprises a fiber reinforced composite strengthened core, a plurality of optical fibers for clamping the strengthened core, filled strips, an aramid fiber layer and an outer sheath; the filledstrips surround the strengthened core and the optical fibers; the aramid fiber layer wraps up the fiber reinforced composite strengthened core, the optical fibers and the polyethylene filled strips; and the outer sheath covers the aramid fiber layer. The invention provides low-cost and convenient schemes such as integration of optical and power cables into one and one cable with multiple purposesfor fiber to the home, four networks in one (power, telephone, television and computer), ammeter remote metering and interaction with power consumers of the smart grid.

The invention relates to the technical field of household electrical appliances, in particular to an intelligent bathroom heater and an information interaction system. The intelligent bathroom heatercomprises a case and a remote controller, warm air blowers, an air exchange fan, heating modules and a main control panel are arranged in the case, and an exchanged air outlet and warm air outlets areformed in the case. The intelligent bathroom heater is characterized in that the warm air blowers comprise the first warm air blower and the second warm air blower; the heating modules comprise the first heating module and the second heating module; the warm air outlets comprise the wet zone warm air outlet and the dry zone warm air outlet; a fresh air inlet is formed in the case and provided with an air feed control device, and the air feed control device can be driven by the main control panel to enable the fresh air inlet to communicate with the interior of the case; the warm air blowers,the air exchange fan, the heating modules and the air feed control device are provided with sensors for detecting the operation states thereof correspondingly, and the sensors are electrically connected with the main control panel; and a net communication module is arranged in the main control panel and can be in data communication with a cloud end processor through network.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a dual-mode talkback terminal and a talkback method thereof and a communication system. The method comprises the steps that if a terminal scheduling unit detects that a communication link between the dual-mode talkback terminal and a talkback server is not available in the process of group session of a public network talkback unit, a user interaction unit is connected to an analog talkback unit, working frequency point information which is preconfigured in the analog talkback unit and corresponding to group information is inquired and the analog talkback unit is indicated to perform the group session via an analog talkback mode; and if the terminal scheduling unit detects that the communication link between the dual-mode talkback terminal and the talkback server is recovered to be available in the process of the group session of the analog talkback unit through the analog talkback mode, the analog talkback mode is controlled to be switched back to a mobile network mode. A problem that an interphone is interrupted in a mobile network or moves to an area without coverage of the mobile network and then talkback cannot be realized by using a talkback technology based on public network bearing can be solved by the dual-mode talkback method.