378 results about "Water potential" patented technology

Aneurysms are treated by filling at least one double-walled filling structure with a filling medium within the aneurysm, such as filling structures having a membrane that allows water molecules to permeate across the membrane in response to a water potential differential across the membrane. The transport of fluid across the membrane allows the bag to expand or shrink to accommodate changes in the size or shape of the aneurysm, thereby maintaining a seal between the filling structure against the vessel wall and maintaining apposition of the filling structure against the inside surface of the aneurysm. Transport of water molecules into or out of the filling structure is controlled by adjusting for the osmolarity of the filling fluid medium. The filling structures may be delivered over balloon deployment mechanisms in order to shape occlude the aneurysm and open a tubular lumen for flow of blood through the filling structure.

A microtensiometer sensor includes a substrate layer fluidly coupled to an enclosed reservoir. A porous membrane is disposed on a surface of the substrate layer. The membrane defines a liquid side fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a vapor side fluidly coupled to a vapor interface. The porous membrane includes a plurality of through holes fluidly coupling the liquid reservoir to the vapor interface, and a nanoporous filler material disposed within the plurality of through holes. The filler material includes a plurality of open pores having a maximum diameter in the range of 0.2 to 200 nanometers. In one embodiment, the microtensiometer sensor includes a molecular membrane disposed adjacent to the vapor side of the porous membrane. In one example, the molecular membrane is formed of a highly crystalline polytetrafluoroethylene polymer having a microstructure characterized by nodes interconnected by fibrils. In one application, the microtensiometer sensor may be used in a probe to measure the average water potential within a network of plant or tree xylem. In another application, the microtensiometer sensor may be useful in real-time determination of the water potential in soil.

The invention relates to a multi-layer soil water fertilizer migration and transformation parameters testing device and a method, which comprises steps: (a) cylindrical organic glass inner and outer columns and layered soil columns are made, plum blossom-shaped holes are distributed on a specify height in organic glass, and soil columns are packed by cylindrical organic glass inner columns, and are divided into plough layers, plowing layers and bottom soil layers; (b) soil water potential sensors, negative pressure water-taking samplers and soil water content measurement instruments are respectively embedded in various soil layers; (c) soil water generates lateral seepage water which is discharged into ring-shaped regions between the cylindrical organic glass inner and outer columns through the plum blossom-shaped holes at the same time during the infiltration process, and is extracted into an external device to assay and analyze. The multi-layer soil water fertilizer migration and transformation parameters testing device and the method are used to explore layered soil water fertilizer infiltration and lateral seepage and transformation process thereof, determines drainage contribution rate of vertical seepage and lateral seepage of the layered soil in various conditions, can be provided with different underground water levels, and develops translocation and transformation of soil water fertilizer on various layers and mutual replenishment relationship of soil water and underground water.

Disclosed are soil additives comprised of self-situating, stimuli-responsive polymer compositions and methods of their use. In one embodiment, the polymer composition or polymer network comprises permanent cross-links and non-permanent cross-links, wherein the non-permanent cross-links are capable of being removed upon application or exposure to a stimulus, typically located within the soil. In another embodiment, the method of increasing water retention in soils includes applying a soil additive, comprising polymer networks of the present invention admixed with an aqueous solution to form a colloidal dispersion solution or suspension, to a soil surface. The suspension or colloidal dispersion solution facilitates penetration of the polymer composition through the soil surface and into the soil, migrating typically to lower water potential areas and, more typically, along drainage channels located within the soil. After penetration of the soil surface, the polymer network is then exposed to a stimulus, typically present in the soil, whereby the non-permanent cross-links are removed and the polymer composition undergoes a volumetric change. This results in the prevention, arrest or decelerated loss of water from the targeted area, for example the plant root zone, which allows for improved water usage efficiency by plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

The invention provides a method for cultivating Chinese wolfberry in a saline and alkaline land through drip irrigation with saline water, which comprises ridging, planting and irrigation management, and is characterized by comprising: A, a step of manual ridging; B, a step of planting, in which the row spacing is 3 meters and the plant spacing is 1 meter; C, a step of drip irrigation zone setting, in which a single drip irrigation zone is arranged in a single ridge; D, filming covering and irrigation, in which spring irrigation is performed after film covering with local underground saline water in a mount which is four times of that used for daily irrigation continuously for three days till the water accumulates to a fixed amount of 16 millimeters; E, a step of pruning the Chinese wolfberry in a growth season; and F, winter irrigation, in which winder irrigation is performed once after the growth season of the Chinese wolfberry with 16 millimeters of water. According to characteristics of a saline and alkaline land in the groundwater area, the method maintains the water potential in the soil of the root area of the Chinese wolfberry at a constant higher value through ridging, filming covering and saline water drip irrigation and other measures to ensure Chinese wolfberry absorbs water normally and grows, thereby providing a good growing environment for the Chinese wolfberry and increasing the output and quality of medlar. Meanwhile, irrigation with local underground saline water reduces the water level of underground water and reduces the risk of further raising the water level of ground water due to irrigation with extraneous water.

The invention relates to a novel photovoltaic computer controlled automatic micro-irrigation system which comprises a power supply subsystem, an irrigation subsystem, a main controller and a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is used for monitoring environment parameters. The irrigation subsystem comprises a water pump, a reservoir, an irrigation pipeline, an energy-storage water tower and a flow path change-over valve. The water pump pumps water from the reservoir and is communicated with the energy-storage water tower and the irrigation pipeline through the flow path change-over valve, and a water outlet port of the energy-storage water tower is communicated with the irrigation pipeline through a stop valve. A water lever sensor is arranged inside the energy-storage water tower, the main controller is electrically connected with the water level sensor and is used for testing the water level signal of the energy-storage water tower, and the main controller judges whether the water pump is driven to add water in the energy-storage water tower to converse surplus solar energy to water potential energy. According to the novel photovoltaic computer controlled automatic micro-irrigation system, solar energy is used as power, intelligent and automatic water-saving irrigation is achieveed according to the growth cycle of plants, blindness of timing irrigation is avoided, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are good.

The invention discloses a method for determining the process of plant roots absorbing soil moisture content. The method adopts a detachable earth column with plants inside; a soil humidity sounding pipe is arranged in the middle of the earth column, and the earth column is arranged in field earth pit; the vertical distribution of plant roots density can be acquired through stratified earth collection, roots washing and roots screening by regularly detaching the earth column; the actual plant transpiration is acquired through timed weighing, and the earth column is weighed at least one time a day. According to related theory principle and experimental data determined actually and accurately, and by combining susceptibility factors such as transpiration rate, roots density distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity and according to mass conservation, the roots water adsorption function of transpiration on the soil profile of the root zone distributed according to a certain weight factor is determined, profile distribution of roots water adsorption rate is figured out by adopting roots water adsorption rate reverse method and numerical value iteration to determine the parameter of empirical function, thereby achieving the determination of the process of roots absorbing water.

The invention relates to a capillary penetration micro irrigation material, which comprises the following components: a component A: a thermoplastic; a component B: a hydrophilic inorganic filler; an additive component C: a composite antioxidant; and an additive component D: high fluidity polyethylene or polypropylene with a melt mass flow rate more than or equal to 30 g / 10 min, or a polyethylene wax or random copolymerized polypropylene with an average molecular weight more than 3000. The material of the present invention has a uniformly-distributed capillary water penetration network structure in a hydrophobic thermoplastic matrix, wherein the structure is formed by stacking hydrophilic inorganic filler particles, and outward water penetration can be performed or stopped through the capillary water penetration network according to water potential of soil contacting the material of the present invention.

The invention provides a loaded soil body thermo-hydro-mechanical-displacement experiment system and a method at a freezing-thawing environment, and belongs to the field of seasonally frozen soil region subgrade foundation soil body indoor freezing and thawing test. The loaded soil body thermo-hydro-mechanical-displacement experiment system comprises an upper constant temperature unit, a lower constant temperature unit, a constant temperature water supply unit, a bearing barrel, a soil body state monitoring unit, a soil body bearing and loading monitoring unit, an experimental objective table,and a soil body displacement monitoring unit; the upper constant temperature unit is used for freezing or thawing of an experiment soil body top part through freezing or cooling; the lower constant temperature unit is used for maintaining the temperature of soil body bottom to be constant; the constant temperature water supply unit is used for stimulation of underground water supply; the bearingbarrel is used for storing soil body; the soil body state monitoring unit is used for monitoring soil body temperature, water content, internal pressure, and soil body soil water potential; the experimental objective table can be horizontally adjusted. The loaded soil body thermo-hydro-mechanical-displacement experiment system is capable of realizing simulation of soil body freezing thawing experiment process under indoor loading conditions, realizing on-line monitoring on soil body thermo-hydro-mechanical, entire, and layered displacement, and providing support for soil body freezing thawingstudy.

The invention provides an anisotropy measurement device of the hydraulic characteristic of an unsaturated soil body. The anisotropy measurement device comprises a weighing device, a soil sample container and soil water potential measurement instruments, wherein the soil sample container is placed on the weighing device; soil water potential measurement instrument mounting holes are formed in the soil sample container; the soil water potential measurement instruments are mounted in the soil water potential measurement instrument mounting holes; the soil sample container is provided with a top sealing plate and a lateral sealing plate; the top sealing plate and the lateral sealing plate are used for opening or closing the soil sample container. According to the invention, a soil-water characteristic curve and an unsaturated permeability coefficient of the same soil sample measurement soil body are determined by measuring suction force in different positions and the flow of an evaporation surface; an unsaturated hydraulic characteristic parameter is measured via a simple evaporation method, so that the test time is shortened; unsaturated hydraulic characteristic parameters in vertical and horizontal directions of the soil body can be measured respectively by changing a direction of the evaporation surface. The invention further discloses a measurement method.

The invention relates to a seeping micro-irrigation container and a preparation method thereof. The container is made of a micro-irrigation material with a capillary water seeping function, has a three-dimensional network capillary water seeping structure of inorganic particles and thermoplastic plastics, and has a power-free self-adaptation, continuous and balanced seeping function. According to water potential of soil contacted with the container, water can seep outwards automatically through the capillary network structure inside the container or stop seeping outwards. The container further comprises a gel protective layer (11). The container has good water seeping capacity, can prevent blocking, bacteria and rats, can be used as a mini reservoir independently, can also be connected with a pipeline system, and forms a power-free self-adaptation, continuous and balanced seeping micro-irrigation system.

The invention provides a field soil water potential measurement instrument. The field soil water potential measurement instrument comprises a base, an induction sleeve, an outer sleeve and a pressure sensor, wherein the base is provided with a cavity body and a conical base; a water exhaust hole is formed in the conical base of the base, and is communicated with the cavity body; one end of the pressure sensor extends into the cavity body of the base, and is tightly connected with the base; the outer sleeve sleeves the outer sides of the pressure sensor and the base; the outer periphery of the base is provided with a groove around the cavity body; a prefabricated water permeation hole is also formed in the base; the prefabricated water permeation hole is communicated with the groove and the cavity body; the induction sleeve sleeves the base and covers the outer side of the groove. The field soil water potential measurement instrument provided by the invention is assembled in air-free water so as to guarantee that the internal cavity body has no air bubble; moreover, the saturation steps are simple, the saturation effect is good, and vaporization is difficult; the base is provided with the conical base, which is even beneficial to the setting of the field instrument, and the field instrument can be in favorable contact with the soil body. The invention also discloses a using method of the field soil water potential measurement instrument.

The invention belongs to the field of utilization of renewable energy, and provides a wave-energy generating device for generating power through water potential energy. The device comprises a water absorbing tank, a water storing tank, a water absorbing pipe, a water draining pipe, a piston, a sealing ring, a floating block, a hinge pin, a supporting platform, and a water draining port in the upper part of the water absorbing tank. The device is characterized by further comprising a pressing rod, a turbine generating device in the water absorbing pipe, a turbine generating device in the water draining port, a baffle switch hinged to the piston, a baffle switch hinged to the water absorbing port, a filtering net and a water pipe fixing rack, wherein the pressing rod and a rack achieve a lever effect, and the floating force and gravity effect of the wave to the floating block can be amplified to act to the piston. According to the water-energy generating device, the pressing rod can drive the piston to reciprocate, and the baffle switch hinged to the piston and the baffle switch hinged to the water absorbing port play supporting roles, so as to achieve the purposes of absorbing water and draining water; meanwhile, the turbine generating devices in the water absorbing pipe and the water draining port of the water storing tank are correspondingly driven to generate power during the water absorbing process and the water draining process; array manners are combined to use, so that the wave energy can be utilized well, and the purpose of continuously generating power can be achieved. The device is of an opening structure, is influenced a little by the environment, and is simple in structure, and convenient to maintain and replace a part.

The invention discloses pantoea alhagi. A classified name is pantoea alhagi and a strain number is XK-11; the pantoea alhagi is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) and has a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 15525; the invention further discloses application of the pantoea alhagi to enhancement of drought resistance of crops. The invention discloses a bacterium agent taking the pantoea alhagi as an active microorganism, and further discloses application of the bacterium agent to the enhancement of the drought resistance of the crops. The pantoea alhagi XK-11 can be adhered to a plant root system and also can enter plants to be symbiotic with the plants; the absorption of the plants on external nutrient elements is improved, a metabolic system of theplants is improved and a water potential in the plants is kept, so that the growth and development of the plants are promoted and the yield is improved; meanwhile, the drought resistance capability ofthe plants is enhanced. The pantoea alhagi has extremely important meaning and application value in the aspects of sufficiently expressing the ecological fertility of soil, keeping an agricultural ecological environment balanced and the like.

The invention provides an inductive water-saving irrigation automatic control method based on the turgor of plant leaves, which applies an inductive water-saving irrigation automatic control device. The method is characterized in that an action that an unwatered plant leaf enters an infrared induction zone is taken as a signal; the physiological characteristic that the water deficiency of crops causes leaf water potential and turgor reduction is utilized; according to the inverse correlation relationship between the sag and turgor of the leaf, in combination with a principle of crop deficit compensation and water-saving irrigation, an infrared induction technique is applied to detect the sag changes of the leaf; and the automatic effluent and flow break of irrigation water are realized via the detection and control of an inductor. The method has the advantages that the method responds to the physiological water requirement of plants more directly, more comprehensively, more rapidly and more sensitively, is combined with the principle of compensatory water-saving irrigation, is high in control precision and water saving effect, has the estimated water saving rate of 30 percent, can meet the requirements of users on accurate, simple, fast and easy field irrigation control, and can bring about obvious economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention provides a discontinuous unsaturation soil rainfall infiltration physical simulation system and a measuring method. The discontinuous unsaturation soil rainfall infiltration physical simulation system comprises a testing soil groove, a bleed-and-feed system and a measuring system, the measuring system comprises a soil water potential measuring unit, a soil moisture measuring unit, awater head measuring unit, a soil temperature measuring unit, a soil moisture diffusion measuring unit, a data acquisition instrument and a data storage computer. According to the discontinuous unsaturation soil rainfall infiltration physical simulation system and the measuring method, a researcher can be helped to better understand related conception of unsaturated zone unsaturation seepage experiment and unsaturated zone rainfall infiltration preferential flow under the condition of understanding a discontinuous medium, permeability coefficients, soil matrix potential, soil moisture horizontal diffusion speed and the like of soil can be measured in practical application, the diffusion rate, an infiltration curve and a motion equation of unsaturation soil moisture are studied by using a measuring result, and stable data support is provided for studying the influence of soil characteristics at different collapse stages on unsaturated zone moisture displacement.

The invention relates to an integrated system for recycling reclaimed water potential energy and reusing water body of a high-rise building. The system comprises a control unit, a first water storage module and a second water storage module which is located on the downstream of the first water storage module; the upstream of the first water storage module is provided with a rainwater collection device and a first sewage source in parallel; a turbine generator and a first switch valve are arranged between the first water storage module and the second water storage module in series; the downstream of the second water storage module is provided with a reclaimed water processing module and a second switch valve in series; the first water storage module and the second water storage module are respectively provided with water level sensors; and the water level sensors and the switch valves are connected with the control unit. According to the integrated system provided by the invention, therecycling of the reclaimed water potential energy of the high-rise building is realized and the reclaimed water is processed through a membrane separation process so that the recycling of the reclaimed water of the high-rise building is realized; the system has effects of energy conservation and environmental friendliness and the building which adopts the system can achieve a three-level standardof green buildings.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy for a fuel cell vehicle, relating to the technology of clean and sustainable hydrogen energy for a fuel cell vehicle. The invention is characterized in that the invention takes water as the primary hydrogen source and ammonia as the secondary hydrogen source and employs synthesis ammonia to store the hydrogen to provide the fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen through a vehicle-mounted ammonia decomposition device, and in the water decomposition and ammonia synthesis processes for hydrogen energy production, clean and sustainable initial energy sources of solar energy, wind energy, wave energy, tidal energy, water potential energy and geothermal energy are used. In order to overcome the adverse effects caused by change of the intensity of the solar energy, the wind energy, the wave energy and the tidal energy to the water decomposition and ammonia synthesis processes and other hydrogen energy productive process, the invention puts forward a proposal to use one or any combination of solar energy, wind energy, wave energy and tidal energy to generate electrical power, stores part or total of the electrical energy as water potential energy, and then uses the water potential energy to generate electrical energy uninterruptedly.

A microtensiometer sensor includes a substrate layer fluidly coupled to an enclosed reservoir. A porous membrane is disposed on a surface of the substrate layer. The membrane defines a liquid side fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a vapor side fluidly coupled to a vapor interface. The porous membrane includes a plurality of through holes fluidly coupling the liquid reservoir to the vapor interface, and a nanoporous filler material disposed within the plurality of through holes. The filler material includes a plurality of open pores having a maximum diameter in the range of 0.2 to 200 nanometers. In one embodiment, the microtensiometer sensor includes a molecular membrane disposed adjacent to the vapor side of the porous membrane. In one example, the molecular membrane is formed of a highly crystalline polytetrafluoroethylene polymer having a microstructure characterized by nodes interconnected by fibrils. In one application, the microtensiometer sensor may be used in a probe to measure the average water potential within a network of plant or tree xylem. In another application, the microtensiometer sensor may be useful in real-time determination of the water potential in soil.

The invention discloses an automatic control device of constant soil water potential. The device mainly utilizes a semi permeable material and solution with constant water potential to control a certain range of the soil water potential to be constant at a specific value. The device comprises a constant hydraulic pressure water supply device, an automatic water inlet control device, a semi permeable water control device and a micro porous container; the constant hydraulic pressure water supply device can supply water out at a constant hydraulic pressure, and the automatic water inlet control device can automatically control carrying capacity transported to the constant water potential solution, thus ensuring the water potential is constant; the semi permeable water control device employs the semi permeable material as main functional parts, which can realize water exchange between the solution with constant water potential and the closed water body; a plurality of holes with micro hole diameter are distributed at the surface of the micro porous container, water can pass through the holes but with comparatively low air inlet value, thus realizing the water exchange between the closed water body and the soil. The invention can effectively control constant soil water potential, and is widely applicable to the agriculture and scientific research field.

The invention discloses a soil water potential quick-test instrument and a test method thereof. The quick-test instrument comprises a data acquisition device and a displayer, wherein the data acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor, a collection chamber and a water potential probe, the collection chamber is in a sealing connection with the water potential probe through a connection pipe, the pressure sensor is arranged on the collection chamber, and the pressure sensor is connected with the displayer via a data line. The soil water potential quick-test instrument provided by the invention can quickly test the soil water potential, thereby shortening the test time and improving the work efficiency. In the test process, other soil environment data also can be gathered.

The invention discloses a method used for determining the evapotranspiration of crops on site, belonging to the field of agricultural science and technology. The method comprises the steps as follows: data on soil water potential and soil volumetric moisture content of more than 5 layers of soil layers with different depths is measured on site in real time; wherein, at least one layer is below the root layer of the crops; a plurality of data pairs on unsaturated hydraulic conductivity-volume water content of all soil layers above the zero flux plane below the root layer are obtained when the zero flux plane exists below the root layer of the crops, thus obtaining the mathematical relationship of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity-volume water content of all soil layers, therefore, the water flux of all soil layers below the root layer can be obtained, thus determining the evapotranspiration by a water balance method. The method of the invention can be used for determining the evapotranspiration of the crops on site, destroys no soils, is convenient and precise, and can work out the evapotranspiration of the crops at the time interval without observing the zero flux.

The invention discloses to a soil water potential sensor, which relates to a water potential sensor and solves the problems of low reaction sensitivity, labor and time waste and the like caused by difficult discharge of the air in the device of the conventional soil water potential sensor. A section of a pot clay end of the soil water potential sensor is of a U-shape. An inner cavity of the pot clay end is a gas collection chamber. One end of a sleeve of the gas collection chamber is fixed at the position of an opening of the pot clay end in a sealing mode, while the other end is fixed with a tube plug in a sealing mode. The tube plug is provided with a gas guide channel and a water inlet channel. Both the gas guide channel and the water inlet channel are communicated with the gas collection chamber. A pressure signal input end of a pressure sensor is arranged at the position of an inlet opening of the water inlet channel of the tube plug. The soil water potential sensor can be widely applied on occasions where the soil water potential is measured.

Aneurysms are treated by filling at least one double-walled filling structure with a filling medium within the aneurysm, such as filling structures having a membrane that allows water molecules to permeate across the membrane in response to a water potential differential across the membrane. The transport of fluid across the membrane allows the bag to expand or shrink to accommodate changes in the size or shape of the aneurysm, thereby maintaining a seal between the filling structure against the vessel wall and maintaining apposition of the filling structure against the inside surface of the aneurysm. Transport of water molecules into or out of the filling structure is controlled by adjusting for the osmolarity of the filling fluid medium. The filling structures may be delivered over balloon deployment mechanisms in order to shape occlude the aneurysm and open a tubular lumen for flow of blood through the filling structure.

The invention discloses a fertilizing device and a fertilizing method. The fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing head, a fertilizer storage apparatus and a negative pressure chamber, wherein the fertilizing head is disposed on the bottom of the fertilizing device, equipped with fine pores, connected with the fertilizer storage apparatus, and positioned at a predetermined depth and a predetermined distance away from crop roots in soil; the fertilizer storage apparatus, one end of which communicates with the fertilizing head and the other end of which communicates with the negative pressure chamber, is positioned in the middle portion of the fertilizing device and used to store a fertilizer solution; The negative pressure chamber, the lower portion of which communicates with the fertilizer storage apparatus, is positioned on the top of the fertilizing device and filled with air of preset air pressure and volume, so as to make the water potential of the fertilizing head at a pressure containing reserved air higher than that of the soil corresponding to the vigorous growth of crops and less than that of the soil at the field water capacity. By the application of the fertilizing device and the fertilizing method, the utilization rate of fertilizers can be raised, the waste of fertilizers can be minimized, the cost of crops planted by peasant households can be reduced, and the environmental negative effects of fertilizing can be mitigated.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery electrolytes, and in particular relates to a method for detecting free acids in boracic lithium salt and an electrolyte of the boracic lithium salt. In the method, the content of the free acids in a sample is measured by using a non-water potential titration method. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the problem that no titration point is obtained as acids are generated when boracic lithium salt encounters water and alcohol is avoided, an organic ester is selected as a solvent, and the used solvent is prevented from participating in reaction in the titration process, is stable and undecomposed, and at the same time has certain intermiscibility with a titration agent and the sample to be measured, so that the content of the free acids can be rapidly and accurately detected; the method is simple in operate and low in cost, and is applicable to quantitative analysis on the free acids in the boracic lithium salt and the electrolyte of the boracic lithium salt.

The invention discloses a tensionmeter connected through soft pipes and used for measuring soil water potential. The tensionmeter comprises a clay pipe. A water injection soft pipe and a pressure guiding soft pipe are packaged on the upper end of the clay pipe respectively. The pressure guiding pipe is connected with a water storage air collecting pipe for storing water and collecting air. A cover is arranged on the water storage air collecting pipe. A vacuum pressure meter or a digital pressure sensor is arranged on a lateral end of the water storage air collecting pipe. When the tensionmeter is used as a traditional tensionmeter, the vacuum pressure meter is used, and during collecting of digital signals, users only need to replace the vacuum pressure meter with the digital pressure sensor, and other portions are not required to be changed. The collected signals are digital signals and are favorable for follow-up storage processing and the like. The tensionmeter is simple in structure, easy to manufacture and convenient to use, simultaneously gives consideration to a traditional and conventional use method, overcomes some defects of a traditional tensionmeter, reserves the advantages of low price and simple operation, enables measurement results to be correct, and is favorable for scientific measurement.

The invention relates to an automatic water supply device for controlling the soil water potential, which comprises a valve and a sensing device communicated with the valve, wherein the sensing device comprises a pottery clay water core, and a cavity for water infusion is arranged inside the sensing device. A spring, a piston and a pressure chamber are arranged in the inner cavity of the valve body; a water inlet opening and a water outlet opening are arranged at the front end of the valve body, wherein the piston is in contact with the water inlet opening, and the sensing hole on the sensing device is communicated with the pressure chamber on the valve through a connecting pipe. In the device, the soil water potential is sensed through the pottery clay water core inserted into the soil, and the movement of the piston is controlled through the negative pressure generated through the soil water potential change to enable the valve to be opened or closed, so that the purpose of automatic water supply can be reached. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, saved energy resource, reduced water resource consumption, greatly reduced operation cost, and wide application prospect in agriculture, stock raising industry and forest industry. Furthermore, the device can perform irrigation in due time according to the water supply demands of the plant crops.

The invention discloses a water-fluctuation zone lowland water and soil conservation rapid water discharge method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: microtopographic rehabilitation is carried out on lowland in water-fluctuation zone, which is closely connection with ditch-ridge planting water and soil conservation tillage method suitable for the area; natural feature in the water-fluctuation is connected to form variational microtopographic landscape in the lowland, such as ditches, ridges, fields, pits and the like; drainage channels are excavated along the direction vertical to riverway to form drainage gallery of surface water in lowland; a settling basin is mounted in the drainage channel at certain distance interval to filter and deposit sediment; natural materials, such as blocks, bamboo fence and the like are put in the ridge slope of the drainage channel and ridges to reinforce and prevent runoff and wave from washing and erosion to collapse; By the lights of water potential gradient formed by natural land feature of the water-fluctuation slope, progressive percolation of redundant groundwater from high to low can be realized after a little rehabilitation, thus having the advantages of lower cost, rapid water discharge and treating waterlogging.

A method of catalytically decomposing water, which comprises contacting water with a composite catalyst comprising a solid acid catalyst and a solid base catalyst at an elevated temperature, wherein the composite catalyst contains the solid acid catalyst in an amount of 36 to 65% by weight and the balance being the solid base catalyst, and wherein the temperature is higher than a temperature at which pH values of the (H2O / O2 redox) potential and (H2O / H2 redox) potential are equal to each other, the redox potentials being given by a water potential—pH value diagram.