318 results about "Capillary water" patented technology

A fuel cell with a gas diffusion media having a hydrophobic layer adjacent a flow field plate and a hydrophilic layer adjacent the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell. The two layers enable balanced humidification of reactant gas along with a basis for managing capillary water addition into the gas diffusion media. The combination of balanced moisture flux (via the hydrophobic layer) and the retention of water (via the hydrophilic layer) for humidifying reactant gas sustains hydration of the proton exchange membrane while preserving the catalyst at full activity.

The invention relates to an automatic irrigation-drainage system for farmland. Irrigation water enters a water level control pond through a water level control valve; a floating ball drives the water level control valve to regulate the water supply amount until the supplied water is equal to the consumed water; the water level is stabilized at a certain water level when the water supply of the water level control valve is stopped at a water supply water level h1; the irrigation water enters a soil filling region at the upper part in a U-shaped concrete groove through a nonfine concrete cover plate and a sand inverted filter from the bottom of the inner part of the U-shaped concrete groove so as to form a soil saturated water layer lower than h1; the water in the saturated water layer is raised to the root layer of the crop in the form of capillary water; the water supply amount is increased or reduced along with water consumption amount so that the farmland is automatically irrigated; because the h1 is lower than the height h2 of the upper edge of the U-shaped concrete groove, no gravity water is leaked; once the soil saturated water layer is higher than the h1 because of raining, the water level control valve is turned off, the irrigation is stopped; if the water layer is higher than the upper edge h2 of the water level control pond, the water overflows to a water accumulation pond, and the water begins to be discharged; and the irrigation is recovered until the soil saturated water layer is lower than h1. The system has full automatic irrigation, high reliability and excellent durability.

The invention relates to a capillary soil water climbing height measuring device which performs capillary water osmosis to a soil mass sample in a soil containing barrel by supplying water source with constant water level in the lower part of the soil containing barrel in which the soil mass sample is compacted so as to more accurately measure capillary water climbing speed, height and water content of different soil mass samples, thus providing basic data for foundation design of projects, such as freeways, airports, dams and the like. The invention can effectively prevent underground water from dipping into the foundation and keep relatively stable dry and moisture states of foundation soil.

The invention discloses a soil column simulation experiment device aiming at reclaimed soil and coal ash matrix in a mining area. The soil column simulation experiment device comprises a transparent column body, a plurality of flange disks, a movable plate, a stainless steel wire gauze, a base disk, a bracket and an underground water level simulation component, wherein the base disk is fixed at one end of the column body; the bracket is connected with the base disk; the column body has a multi-section structure and consists of a plurality of sub column bodies; two adjacent sub column bodies are fixedly connected by one of the flange disks; the movable plate and the stainless steel wire gauze are accommodated in a groove of the flange disk close to the bottom; and the underground water level simulation component is connected to the bottom of the base disk. The soil column simulation experiment device has the advantages that when capillary water rises, experiments such as soil water and salt movement under an atmosphere rainfall condition, soil water and salt movement under an evaporation condition and soil water and salt movement under an underground water level change control condition can be simulated; and the water and salt movement in the coal ash matrix of the reclaimed soil filled by the mining area coal ash can be dynamically observed through the device, so that a reclaiming mode suitable for crop growth can be found out.

The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali land by partitioning salt with an interlayer, comprising the following steps of: (1) removing soil of the surface layer of the saline-alkali land by 50-400mm according to different salt content concentration of the soil of the saline-alkali land; (2) paving a layer of salt partition interlayer materials on the soil-removed surface; (3) backfilling non-saline-alkali soil which is 300-400mm thick to the salt partition interlayer materials; and (4) increasing the application quantity of organic fertilizers on the backfilled new soil and using an improver. The invention has the characteristics of high improvement speed, good improvement effect, moderate investment and good economic benefit. The method can reduce or block salt return caused by capillary water rise, and the salt partition interlayer can not be broken by the cultivation management of plants. The agricultural production can be carried out in the current year, and the production economic benefit is generated in the current year when the saline-alkali land is improved in the current year, and people benefit from the saline-alkali land for many years after the saline-alkali land is invested at a time. The invention is especially suitable for saline-alkali areas with less rainfall and poorer irrigation conditions and is particularly suitable for constructing vegetable tents on the saline-alkali land or assisting in constructing the vegetable tents.

The invention discloses a high speed railway embankment structure in salty soil regions. The high speed railway embankment structure comprises a ground stabilization body arranged in soft foundation, wherein a reinforced mattress layer is laid above the ground stabilization body; a salty soil isolation layer is laid above the reinforced mattress layer; a filling embankment is laid above the salty soil isolation layer. The high speed railway embankment structure is simple in structure and convenient to construct, the reinforced mattress layer on the base is fully utilized as a carrier, the isolation measures are taken through the salty soil isolation layer made by taking a composite geomembrane or a capillary drain board as a main body, the high speed railway embankment structure is small in layer thickness and relatively low in material price and has obvious advantages compared with the measures of excavating a great quantity of salty oil, reducing underground water level, permeating water and soil or isolating asphaltic sand, the project investment can be obviously reduced, the environmental pollution is alleviated, capillary water of the salty oil can be effectively prevented from eroding the embankment body, and high service performance and long-term stability of the embankment engineering are guaranteed.

The invention discloses a construction method of retaining wall by a prefabricated module panel geogrid reinforcement tailing sand, which belongs to the technical field of civil construction. The method comprises the steps of processing foundation, prefabricating a concrete module and a sand gravel cushion layer, carrying out the foundation construction, building panels layer by layer, laying a sand gravel reversed filter layer, geogrid reinforcement tailing sand padding and a water discharge pipe, and finally constructing a capping layer. The tailing sand is comprehensively utilized as the padding; the construction speed of the prefabricated concrete module panels is high, so that the retaining wall is good in deformation adapting capacity and stress performance; the first single-direction geogrid is laid in the tailing sand padding layer by layer, so that the stability of the wall body can be improved; two-directional geogrid and nonwoven geotechnical cloth are laid on the bottom gravel cushion layer, so that the stress and deformation can be homogenized, the rising of capillary water can be reduced, and the water discharged out of the retaining wall is filtered; The gravel reversed filter layer and the water discharge pipe, which are arranged between the panel and the tailing sand as well as the composite geotechnical cloth and one film and cement improved soil capping layer, which are laid on the top, can adjust the load on the top of the wall, so that permeation of the rainy water is reduced, and the discharge of the permeated water can be guided.

The invention relates to a micro-irrigation permeating tube and a manufacturing method thereof. The micro-irrigation permeating tube comprises a capillary permeating tube (1) made of materials having a capillary permeating function is provided with hydrophilic inorganic fillers and a three-dimensional network capillary water seepage structure of thermoplastic plastics, and has unpowered, self-adaptive, continuous and balanced permeation functions, so that water can automatically permeates outward through a tubing or stops permeating outward according to water level of soil contacted with the capillary permeating tube. The capillary permeating tube further comprises a gel protective layer (4), high water retention tree powder is thrown into gaps of non-woven fabric and absorbs water to swell to form the gel protective layer. The tubing having good water permeating capacity can resist blockage, bacteria and prevent rats; by the adoption of the micro-irrigation permeating tube assisted by other irrigation components, an unpowered, self-adaptive, continuous and balanced permeating system which is applicable to the field of water-saving micro-irrigation is formed.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of a humic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of a compound fertilizer, 20-40 parts of a mineral fertilizer, 10-15 parts of an acid fertilizer and 2-5 parts of a water-retaining agent. The saline soil improvement fertilizer is rich in humic acid and trace element, nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively balance, the soil fertility and the soil structure can be improved, the speed of capillary water movement and ineffective evaporation of moisture can be reduced, and a remarkable salt returning suppression effect can be achieved. Meanwhile, the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is relatively good in exchange capability, harmful ions such as Na<+>, SO4<2-> and Cl<-> can be adsorbed, the pH value and the alkalisation degree of soil can be reduced, and the soil exchange capability can be improved.

The invention relates to sintered ceramsite having water retaining function, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramsite is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of solid waste, 0-30 parts of a pore forming agent, 5-15 parts of a plasticizer, 0.5-2 parts of a water reducing agent, and 15-30 parts of water. The preparation method comprises: weighing solid raw materials according to a certain ratio, and mixing uniformly in a forced stirrer to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into a disc granulator, pouring water according to a certain ratio, and granulating; placing the granules in an oven, and drying; and screening, and sintering under a certain firing system to obtain planting sand. According to the present invention, the sintered ceramsite havingwater retaining function uses the silicon-aluminum-component-rich solid waste as the raw material, has a water absorption rate of about 30-70%, and has good water retention effect, wherein the pores of the ceramsite are small, and the water in the pores is stored in the forms of hygroscopic water, membranous water and capillary water so as to increase the effective amount of the water, such that the sintered ceramsite of the present invention can be used as the planting ceramsite so as to provide a certain nutrition and moisture for crops.

The invention relates to a capillary penetration micro irrigation material, which comprises the following components: a component A: a thermoplastic; a component B: a hydrophilic inorganic filler; an additive component C: a composite antioxidant; and an additive component D: high fluidity polyethylene or polypropylene with a melt mass flow rate more than or equal to 30 g/10 min, or a polyethylene wax or random copolymerized polypropylene with an average molecular weight more than 3000. The material of the present invention has a uniformly-distributed capillary water penetration network structure in a hydrophobic thermoplastic matrix, wherein the structure is formed by stacking hydrophilic inorganic filler particles, and outward water penetration can be performed or stopped through the capillary water penetration network according to water potential of soil contacting the material of the present invention.

The invention relates to a seeping micro-irrigation container and a preparation method thereof. The container is made of a micro-irrigation material with a capillary water seeping function, has a three-dimensional network capillary water seeping structure of inorganic particles and thermoplastic plastics, and has a power-free self-adaptation, continuous and balanced seeping function. According to water potential of soil contacted with the container, water can seep outwards automatically through the capillary network structure inside the container or stop seeping outwards. The container further comprises a gel protective layer (11). The container has good water seeping capacity, can prevent blocking, bacteria and rats, can be used as a mini reservoir independently, can also be connected with a pipeline system, and forms a power-free self-adaptation, continuous and balanced seeping micro-irrigation system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed railway subgrade engineering, and particularly relates to a high-speed railway subgrade structure for saline soil areas. The high-speed railway subgrade structure comprises a road cutting structure, wherein the road cutting structure comprises a subgrade bed surface layer and a subgrade bed bottom layer; a partition layer is arranged at the bottom of the subgrade bed bottom layer; a surface drain system is arranged at each of two sides of the road cutting structure, an underground drain system is arranged at the bottom of the surface drain system; the partition layer extends outwards along two sides of the longitudinal direction to intersect the surface drain system or underground drain system. Based on the compact connection of the surface drain system, the underground drain system, the partition layer and the like with the components thereof to achieve special purposes, the high-speed railway subgrade structure is simple, and can effectively cut off capillary water migration pathways between subgrade soil and the road cutting subgrade bed structure, thereby avoiding the problems of salt expansion, break-up expansion, melt sinking and the like and guaranteeing the long-term normal use of high-speed railway subgrade engineering.

The invention discloses a method for detecting the balling performance of iron ore concentrates, comprising the following steps of: measuring the maximum molecular water of the iron ore concentrates by using a centrifugation method; measuring the maximum capillary water of the iron ore concentrates by using a saturated water absorption method; measuring the bulk density and the true density of the iron ore concentrates and calculating porosity; calculating the average particle diameter of the iron ore concentrates by using a laser granulometer; and calculating the balling performance of the iron ore concentrates by using a formula and giving out an evaluation order. The method has the characteristics that operation is simple, scientific and reasonable and has certain theoretical direction significance to the iron ore concentrate dosing operation. When the average particle diameter of the iron ore concentrates is less than 60 mu m, 200-mesh or 325-mesh raw materials are adopted for replacement, and the reliability of an estimation method is not affected by the average particle diameter.

The invention discloses an air purifying device with simple structure and capable of effectively removing PM2.5 particles in air and other organic pollutants, and an air purifying method. The air purifying device comprises a filter screen and a water supply tank; the water supply tank provides constant-quantity water to the filter screen through capillary water absorbing cloth joined between water and the filter screen by a capillary siphon method; and the size of meshes of the filter screen and the water provided by the capillary water absorbing cloth form water film state matching on the meshes. The cheap and easy-obtained water is used as an air pollutant bearing medium; water films are formed on the meshes of the filter screens; and an absorbing effect in the blasting process of the water films is used for realizing absorption of such organic matters as smaller solid particles (0.01-10 microns), formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia. The air purifying device can totally replace several indoor air purifiers in the prior art, is high in haze removing efficiency, and can be applied to such purifying devices as ventilation, clean dust suckers, industrial cleaning chamber front end filtration, air conditioning fans, air conditioning self-cleaning nets, waste gas treatment and micron-scale micropowder processing and collection.

The invention discloses a solar heat-focusing capillary-driven multi-stage seawater desalting system. The solar heat-focusing capillary-driven multi-stage seawater desalting system comprises a heat focusing device, a heat conducting core and a multi-stage evaporating and condensing integrated cavity device, wherein the heat focusing device comprises a housing, a transparent skylight is formed in the top of the housing, and a through hole is formed in the center of the bottom end of the housing; the heat conducting core is divided into two parts, the upper part is a heat collector shaped like adisc, and high-absorption low-emitting-rate light absorbing coating is plated on the disc, the bottom of the disc is connected with a heat conducting rod, the heat conducting rod passes through the bottom of the housing, the heat conducting rod which exceeds the housing covers a capillary water-supplementing material; the multi-stage evaporating and condensing integrated cavity comprises a multi-stage condensing and evaporating integrated wall surface, a seawater compensating cavity, a condensed water conveying pipeline, a condensed water collecting cavity and a heat-sink module. The solar heat-focusing capillary-driven multi-stage seawater desalting system realizes recycling for low-grade steam generated by solar energy, multi-stage recycling of steam condensing latent heat greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency of the system and greatly increases a water yield; a multi-stage nested steam phase-change potential heat recycling system is designed; meanwhile, a vertical structure and a way of enlarging a condensing surface stage by stage are adopted, so that the steam condensing rate and condensed water recycling are greatly enhanced.

The invention relates to a soil improvement method for saline-alkali soil. The method is characterized by comprising the following processing steps: bulldozing, i.e. shoving soil on the surface of the saline-alkali soil which needs to be improved; pipe laying, i.e. laying leaky pipeline systems on the ground of which the surface soil is shoved; stone laying, i.e. laying a broken stone layer in gaps between the pipeline systems; fertilizer covering, i.e. covering an organic fertilizer layer on the cobblestone layer; soil leveling, i.e. raking the surface soil in the bulldozing step broken and then covering the organic fertilizer layer with the broken surface soil; alkali washing, i.e. wetting the surface soil with water or aqueous solution to wash out excessive saline-alkali substances in the soil. The broken stone layer in the soil improvement method cuts off salt conveying from soil capillary water to the ground surface, takes a good salt accumulation prevention effect after washing out alkali and is beneficial to durability and stability of improving the saline-alkali soil; moreover, microbiological degradation of the organic fertilizer also can reduce alkalinity of the soil; the method can be used for comprehensively treating the saline-alkali soil.

The invention discloses a waterproof construction method for anti-floating anchor rods. The waterproof construction method for anti-floating anchor rods includes the following construction steps that A, a concrete cushion is poured; B, cement paste is poured around the anti-floating anchor rods; C, cement-based crystallization waterproof paint is brushed; D, a waterproof roll layer is laid; E, waterproof grease is poured, and a waterproof protection layer is poured. The waterproof construction method for anti-floating anchor rods has the advantages that gaps between the anchor rods and bed rock can be effectively sealed for avoiding water burst; the problem that because waterproof paint on the root portions of rebars of the anchor rods is not compact, water is prone to leakage is solved; a water stop steel plate can stop capillary water from rising along rod bodies to cause water seepage hazards, the water stop effect is good, and leakage resistance is improved.