The invention relates to a rapid detection method for the highway roadbed compaction quality. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, in construction fields of roadbeds different in soil texture, a to-be-detected roadbed soil area is selected, a test point is selected at random, the dynamic deformation modulus Evd value of the point is tested, and data are recorded; secondly, another test point is selected, the roadbed compaction degree is detected through a sand filling method, and data are recorded; thirdly, the first step and the second step are repeatedly conducted, and therelation of the dynamic deformation modulus Evd value and the roadbed compaction degree K of each soil texture is established; fourthly, field testing is conducted; fifthly, data collection is clickedfrom a data collection software main interface, a testing instrument starts to conduct testing and transmission, and a background part conducts calculation and conversion according to the Evd and K correlation of the soil texture corresponding to the roadbed, and the compaction degree K is obtained; and sixthly, a detection result is uploaded to a roadbed compaction quality background managementsystem through the network, and the data are checked. The rapid detection method is rapid and convenient to conduct, data are accurate and reliable, the rapid detection method is applicable to the construction site, and the quality information can be reflected in real time.