The invention discloses a heat conduction coefficient and contact thermal resistance testing device. The testing device comprises a control system, a support 3, a first ball sleeve 4-1, a second ball sleeve 4-2, a sliding screw rod 5, an oriented steel ball and a pressure sensor 6, an auxiliary heater 7, a first temperature sensor 8-1, a second temperature sensor 8-2, a vacuum cap 9, a test piece test zone 10, a stress loading device, a vacuum drainage air port 13, water inlet and outlet ports 14, a data acquisition system, a sealing chassis 16, a mounting plate 17, a horizontal adjusting rod 20 and a heater strip 21, wherein a thermal flowmeter 22, the oriented steel ball and the pressure sensor 6, the support 3, the mounting plate 17 and heating refrigeration sleeves 1 are symmetrical in an up-down manner. According to the invention, the auxiliary heater which can reduce the axial heat loss is arranged along the y-direction, and a temperature gradient of a controllable temperature radiation shield simulation test region is arranged at the periphery of the test zone so as to reduce heat loss of a cross section direction.