The invention relates to a microparticle swarm fuel micro-combustion system based on digital holographic optical tweezers. The system comprises a first laser driver, a first laser, a first spectroscope, a second laser, an attenuation slice, a second reflection lens, a collimating lens group, a first reflection lens, a spatial light modulator, a beam-expanding lens group, a second spectroscope, an objective lens, a microparticle swarm fuel, a micro-combustion chip, a third spectroscope, a third reflection lens, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera, an infrared camera, a first image acquisition card, a second image acquisition card, a data acquisition card, a computer, a nitrogen storage bottle, an oxygen storage bottle, a first flowmeter, a second flowmeter, a buffering tank, a first valve, a second valve and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The distribution pattern of the fuel can be effectively controlled through a digital holographic technology and the spatial light modulator, so that the combustion of the microparticle swarm fuel can be performed in the micro-combustion chip; the composition mode of the micro-combustion can be effectively improved; the combustion efficiency of the micro-combustion is improved.