2228results about "Solid removal" patented technology

Various methods for decreasing the amount of nitrogen oxides released to the atmosphere as a component of combustion gas mixtures are provided. The methods specifically provide for the removal of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) from gas mixtures emitted from stationary combustion systems. In particular, methods for improving efficiency of nitrogen oxide reduction from combustion systems include injecting metal-containing compounds into the main combustion zone and / or the reburning zone of a combustion system. The metal containing compounds react with active combustion species, and these reactions change radical concentrations and significantly improve NOx conversion to molecular nitrogen. The metal-containing additives can be injected with the main fuel, in the main combustion zone, with secondary or reburning fuel addition, or at several locations in the main combustion zone and reburning zone. Optionally, nitrogenous reducing agents and / or overfire air can be injected downstream to further increase NOx reduction.

A heat exchanger exchange-tube cleaning lance positioning system that includes a three axis cleaning lance positioning mechanism that is attachable to the end of a heat exchanger and that is controlled by a lance position computer controller that determines the locations of each of the openings of the exchange-tubes of the heat exchanger by analyzing an image signal generated by a camera mounted to the three axis cleaning lance positioning mechanism and then positions a connected exchange tube cleaning lance into and through each of the exchange-tube passageways to clean the exchange-tube passageways automatically.

The present invention provides a gas conditioning system for processing an input gas from a low temperature gasification system to an output gas of desired characteristics. The system comprises a two-stage process, the first stage separating heavy metals and particulate matter in a dry phase, and the second stage including further processing steps of removing acid gases, and / or other contaminants. Optional processes include adjusting the humidity and temperature of the input gas as it passes through the gas conditioning system. The presence and sequence of processing steps is determined by the composition of the input gas, the desired composition of output gas for downstream applications, and by efficiency and waste minimization.

The invention relates to a device for keeping optical elements (1) clean in motor vehicles, in particular sensor or camera covers. This is done according to the present invention by applying a directed stream of gas, in particular a stream of air (4), to the transparent cover (2) in such a way that when the cover moves (6) relative to the surroundings no ambient atmosphere (10), in particular no ambient air, reaches the surface (20) of the cover. According to one embodiment, using a nozzle (3) pressurized air (4) is blown in, producing a transverse air stream (9). It is also possible, using a cover, to form a buffer space in front of the cover in addition to the transverse air stream. In a further refinement, a cleaning nozzle and a heater for the cover can be provided, in order to also be able to perform cleaning when soiling has occurred during stationary operation and to remove icing at low temperatures. To this end the cleaning fluid and / or the supplied air may also be pre-heated.

Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and / or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.

A process for combusting solid liquid or gaseous fuels in a high temperature refractory-lined reactor with the aim of generating electric power comprises mixing at least one fuel with steam. The refactory material of the reactor and the opaque gases of the reaction environment bring about high power infrared radiation which substantially instantaneously preheats the reactants on input including said reactants being intrinsically transparent to infrared radiation (N2 / O2) but rendered opaque and thus absorbers of energy from infrared radiation thanks to dilution with steam. A high efficiency combustor is provided for carrying out the above-stated process.

Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and / or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ● reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ● reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ● increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ● increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and / or Cl in the coal ash; ● decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ● make a highly cementitious ash product.

A gasifier system and process comprises a pulse combustion device in communication with a fluid channel for producing a gas stream having heat or fuel value. The pulse combustion device is operated under sub-stoichiometric conditions such that combustion and steam reforming both occur in the fluid channel. The pulse combustion device also produces a pulsating combustion product stream and an acoustic pressure wave. The acoustic pressure wave serves to cause agglomeration of particles contained within the combustion stream for easy removal. In one embodiment, a sulfur capturing agent is injected into the fluid channel for not only removing sulfur from the combustion product stream but for also facilitating particle agglomeration. Ultimately, a gas stream containing hydrogen is produced that may be used in various processes, such as in the production of electricity.

A gun bore cleaning system for efficiently cleaning a bore of a gun. The gun bore cleaning system includes a cleaning member having a spiral groove and a length of cord positionable within the spiral groove. The cord is extended through a bore of a gun with the cleaning member cleaning the bore of the gun.

A method of producing substitute natural gas (SNG) includes providing a gasification reactor having a cavity defined at least partially by a first wall. The reactor also includes a first passage defined at least partially by at least a portion of the first wall and a second wall, wherein the first passage is in heat transfer communication with the first wall. The reactor further includes a second passage defined at least partially by at least a portion of the second wall and a third wall. The method also includes coupling the cavity in flow communication with the first and second passages. The method further includes producing a first synthetic gas (syngas) stream within the cavity. The method also includes channeling at least a portion of the first syngas stream to the first and second passages.

Some exemplary embodiments include hybrid vehicle systems including an engine operable to output exhaust, an exhaust aftertreatment system configured to receive the exhaust from the engine, the exhaust aftertreatment system including an SCR catalyst operable to reduce NOx in the exhaust and an electrical heater operable to heat the SCR catalyst, a motor / generator operable in a braking mode to receive torque to slow the vehicle and output electrical power, an energy storage device operable to output electrical power to drive the motor / generator and receive electrical power from the motor / generator, and a controller operable to control the electrical heater to heat the SCR catalyst using electrical power from the motor / generator in the braking mode.

A natural gas liquid plant includes a separator (103) that receives a cooled low pressure feed gas (4), wherein the separator (103) is coupled to an absorber (108) and a demethanizer (110). Refrigeration duty of the absorber (108) and demethanizer (110) are provided at least in part by expansion of a liquid portion of the cooled low pressure feed gas (4) and an expansion of a liquid absorber bottom product (19), wherein ethane recovery is at least 85 mol % and propane recovery is at least 99 mol %. Contemplated configurations are especially advantageous as upgrades to existing plants with low pressure feed gas where high ethane recovery is desirable.

The invention relates to a residual heat boiler of a steel ball dedusting type ore heat furnace. The residual heat boiler at least comprises a boiler heated surface, a seal boiler flue gas passage, a furnace top and a furnace bottom ash hopper, wherein the boiler heated surface comprises coil pipe groups; and the seal boiler flue gas passage is formed at the periphery of the boiler heated surface. The residual heat boiler is characterized in that the furnace top is provided with a steel ball spreading device, a steel ball separating and collecting device is arranged under the furnace bottom ash hopper; a circulating type steel ball mechanical transporting device is arranged between the steel ball spreading device and the steel ball separating and collecting device; the circulating type steel ball mechanical transporting device comprises at least one drive wheel, at least three driven wheels, a double-row chain, a horizontal guide rail, a steel ball transporting hopper and a mechanical discharge blocking wheel; the at least one drive wheel and the at least three driven wheels are fixed on a boiler frame, and the steel ball transporting hopper is hung on the double-row chain surrounded between the drive wheels and the driven wheels; and the furnace top is provided with the mechanical discharge blocking wheel capable of turning over the steel ball transporting hopper. The invention has simple mechanism, recycled steel ball, mechanical automation running, low investment and running cost and favorable dedusting effect, and the like, can effectively remove and collect accumulated ash and sticking dust on the residual heat boiler heated surface of the ore heat furnace and greatly develops the energy-conservation and emission-reduction technology of the ore heat furnace smelting industry.

A waste gas treatment system having a burner part and a combustion chamber provided at a downstream side of the burner part. Combustion flames are formed from the burner part toward the combustion chamber, and a waste gas is introduced into the combustion flames, thereby oxidatively decomposing the waste gas. The combustion chamber is formed from an inner wall made of a fiber-reinforced ceramic material. Therefore, the wear of the inner wall due to heat and corrosion is minimized, and thermal stress cracking is also reduced. Consequently, the lifetime of the system increases, and the cost of equipment and the availability factor can be improved. In addition, because the inner wall exhibits no catalytic effect, the formation of thermal NOx is suppressed, and it is possible to achieve environmental preservation and to simplify the treatment equipment.

A multi-media rotating sootblower that includes multiple rotating and individually controlled cleaning fluid applicators, such a set of steam nozzles and two sets of water nozzles, and an automatic boiler cleaning system using these sootblowers. The boiler superheater typically includes a system of these sootblowers to clean a number of large platens that are arranged in rows. The boiler may also include additional boiler cleaning equipment, including water cannons to clean the furnace, and conventional steam sootblowers to clean other heat exchangers of the boiler. A number of sensors, including heat transfer gauges that measure the heat transfer at the furnace wall, strain gauges that measure the weight of slag deposits on platens, and boiler cameras are used to monitor slag accumulations within the boiler. A control system uses this sensor data to automatically operate the boiler cleaning system to implement an automatic boiler cleaning regimen.

A combustion system having improved mercury collection. The system includes a combustion chamber for burning a fuel containing mercury, whereby burning produces a flue gas stream containing mercury and a device for removing mercury from the flue gas stream. The device includes a thermopolymer substrate; and a mercury-receptor attached to the substrate. In one embodiment, the system may further include a collector downstream of the device for collecting the mercury attached to the thermopolymer. The inventions further include alternative methods of mercury removal and preparation of the polymer substrate.

The invention relates to a device for keeping optical elements clean in motor vehicles, especially sensor or camera covers. This is done according to the present invention by applying a directed stream of gas, for example a stream of air, to the transparent cover in such a way that when the cover moves relative to the surroundings no ambient atmosphere, e.g., no ambient air, reaches the surface of the cover. According to one embodiment, by using a nozzle pressurized air is blown in, producing a transverse air stream. It is also possible, using a cover, to form a buffer space in front of the cover in addition to the transverse air stream. In a further refinement, a cleaning nozzle and a heater for the cover can be provided, in order to also be able to perform cleaning when soiling has occurred during stationary operation and to remove icing at low temperatures. To this end the cleaning fluid and / or the supplied air may also be pre-heated.

Methods and systems are provided for inducing combustion dynamics within turbine engines to remove combustion deposits within the turbine engine during operation of the turbine engine.

A trailing pig cleaning device is adapted to be dragged by a pig towing device. The cleaning device collects a predetermined quantity of debris. The cleaning device has a continuous outer surface portion of variable diameter urged into normal contact with the internal wall of the pipeline. The continuous outer surface portion presents a continuous upstream or leading edge portion for scraping debris from the cylindrical internal wall in advance of the outer surface portion. The device has a debris collecting surface portion extending radially inward from the outer surface portion for collecting the predetermined quantity of debris scraped from the cylindrical internal wall. The device has at least one debris and pipeline media bypass opening passing through the debris collecting surface portion permitting excess scraped debris to pass therethrough back into the pipeline and permitting media to pass thereby to propel the pig towing device.

A method details injecting water into a gas turbine engine to facilitate cleaning an inner surface of a combustor. The method comprises removing an axial fuel injector from the combustor, wherein the fuel injector includes a nozzle stem, and inserting a spray nozzle assembly into a fuel injector opening created within the combustor when the fuel injector was removed, wherein the spray nozzle assembly includes a popet nozzle that is coupled to a nozzle stem that is shaped substantially identically to the fuel injector nozzle stem removed from the combustor. The method also comprises coupling the spray nozzle assembly to the combustor such that the popet nozzle is inserted substantially concentrically into the combustor, and injecting water into the combustor through the spray nozzle assembly.

A method for reducing mercury emissions in combustion flue gas is provided. The method includes combusting coal such that a flue gas flow is created. The flue gas flow includes at least mercury and carbon-containing fly ash. The method further includes cooling the flue gas flow within a duct and creating turbulence in the flue gas flow. The mercury is removed from the flue gas flow.

Heat recovery equipment recovers heat from flue gas. The heat recovery equipment includes a power generation plant that drives a steam turbine by superheated steam produced in a boiler, and an exhaust-gas treatment line that treats flue gas output from the boiler. The exhaust-gas treatment line includes a first air preheater, a heat extractor unit, and a dry electrostatic precipitator. The power generation plant includes a condensed water line. The condensed water line includes a condenser, a condensed water heater, and a low-pressure feedwater heater. The condensed water heater heats water condensed by the condenser with the heat recovered by the heat extractor unit.

A method and system for the conversion of waste into energy in a sealed system where combustion does not take place and the operating pressure prior to the inlet of the steam or power generating equipment is maintained below atmospheric pressure. Destruction of the RDF (refuse derived fuel) is accomplished by subjecting the RDF to a high temperature environment under controlled conditions in a purpose designed and built reactor. The high temperature environment, <5000° C., is achieved through the use of one or more non-transferred plasma torches for generation of plasma gas. The plasma gas exiting the torch and provides the thermal energy for the continual gasification of metallurgic coke configured as a carbon bed in the lower part of the reactor, which acts as a thermal catalyst and this provides the thermal energy for the gasification process.

The compressor cleaning system includes a track mounted about the inlet of the compressor. A circumferential position assembly mounts an insertion drive assembly which is driven about the track into selected circumferential positions. The insertion drive assembly carries a manipulator arm assembly mounting at its distal end a cleaning head. By using pairs of control cables, the proximal yaw, pitch and distal yaw sections of the manipulator arm can be moved to weave the cleaning head past the multiple stages of blading to locate the cleaning head adjacent a selected blade. By repeated extension and retraction of the cleaning head relative to the compressor inlet and about the compressor blades, each blade can be cleaned without disassembly of the compressor casing or removal of the rotor.

The invention discloses a small efficient medicinal rubbish pyrolysis incinerator, which belongs to rubbish burning treatment equipment and solves the problems that a gas combustion chamber has simple structure, an auxiliary fuel is needed, the temperature cannot be accurately measured or controlled, and defects are produced in cloth bag dust removal and the like. The hearth of the incinerator consists of a pyrolysis and gasification chamber, a solid-phase burn-out chamber, a gas-phase combustion chamber and a flue gas treatment chamber; the solid-phase burn-out chamber is positioned below the pyrolysis and gasification chamber and communicated through a netlike fire grate; the gas-phase combustion chamber is arranged in parallel to the pyrolysis and gasification chamber, and the top of the gas-phase combustion chamber is communicated with a flue; the flue gas treatment chamber is arranged in parallel to the gas-phase combustion chamber and the pyrolysis and gasification chamber; and the gas-phase combustion chamber is communicated with the lower part of the flue gas treatment chamber, the gas-phase combustion chamber and the flue gas treatment chamber are provided with a fireproof baffle plate respectively, and the lower part of the gas-phase combustion chamber is provided with the netlike fire grate. The temperature in the incinerator is measured and controlled in real time through an electric heating and automatic temperature measurement and control system. A high-temperature granule dust removal and filter device avoids regeneration of dioxin, and the cost is reduced. The incinerator effectively and cleanly burns the medicinal rubbish on the aspects of incinerator shape design, ignition and combustion modes, temperature measurement and control, high-temperature flue gas treatment and the like.

A bearing adapted to support and allow controlled relative movement with an opposed bearing surface. The bearing is constructed to have a long life by incorporating a surface that addresses many causes of friction and wear. The bearing includes a plurality of support members extending from a base. Together, the plurality of support members can support a load applied to the base through an opposed bearing surface. Additionally, the plurality of support members allow sliding modes of motion between the opposed bearings. These support members can move independently to accommodate irregularities located between the support member and the opposed bearing, such that plowing is reduced and wear to the bearings is minimized. The support members may also be configured to allow certain non-sliding modes of motion between opposed bearing surfaces while resisting other non-sliding modes of motion.

The invention is directed to a method for at least partially removing a contamination layer (15) from an optical surface (14a) of an EUV-reflective optical element (14) by bringing a cleaning gas into contact with the contamination layer. In the method, a jet (20) of cleaning gas is directed to the contamination layer (15) for removing material from the contamination layer (15). The contamination layer (15) is monitored for generating a signal indicative of the thickness of the contamination layer (15) and the jet (20) of cleaning gas is controlled by moving the jet (20) of cleaning gas relative to the optical surface (14a) using this signal as a feedback signal. A cleaning arrangement (19 to 24) for carrying out the method is also disclosed. The invention also relates to a method for generating a jet (20) of cleaning gas and to a corresponding cleaning gas generation arrangement.

Method and apparatus for monitoring formation of deposits of solid particles from flue gas onto furnace walls formed of welded-together tubes through which cooling medium flows. For the entire surface of the walls, the exact surface temperature is detected with infrared cameras, offset by 90° relative to one another, via a thermal image obtained of a surface development of the furnace. This exact surface temperature is compared with the temperature of the cooling medium from measurement locations. Individual images from the cameras are composed to form an overall development of the inner surface of the furnace walls. The coordinates of the deposits on the walls are determined from the overall development, and the thickness of the deposits is determined from the temperature comparison.

A cleaning apparatus for cleaning a heat exchange coil includes a gas-dispensing member having a cavity for carrying a gas and at least one orifice in communication with the cavity. An actuating device which couples to the gas dispensing member and moves the gas dispensing member relative to a coil such that the gas dispensed from the gas dispensing member through the at least one orifice removes dust and debris from the coil. A timer initiates operation of the gas-dispensing member and the actuating device at given time intervals.