65 results about "Molecular nitrogen" patented technology

Various methods for decreasing the amount of nitrogen oxides released to the atmosphere as a component of combustion gas mixtures are provided. The methods specifically provide for the removal of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) from gas mixtures emitted from stationary combustion systems. In particular, methods for improving efficiency of nitrogen oxide reduction from combustion systems include injecting metal-containing compounds into the main combustion zone and/or the reburning zone of a combustion system. The metal containing compounds react with active combustion species, and these reactions change radical concentrations and significantly improve NOx conversion to molecular nitrogen. The metal-containing additives can be injected with the main fuel, in the main combustion zone, with secondary or reburning fuel addition, or at several locations in the main combustion zone and reburning zone. Optionally, nitrogenous reducing agents and/or overfire air can be injected downstream to further increase NOx reduction.

A wastewater treatment process having improved solids separation characteristics and reduced biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the purified wastewater comprising the steps of: passing wastewater through a main aerobic biological oxidation zone and therein oxidizing a portion of the BOD a portion of the ammonia nitrogen content (NH3-N); passing the effluent from said aerobic biological oxidation zone to an aerobic/mixing zone and therein mixing said effluent with effluent from the anoxic/anaerobic zone; passing the effluent from said aerobic/mixing zone to a settling zone and therein separating purified wastewater having reduced BOD and suspended solids, and sludge containing suspended solids; passing a portion of the sludge formed in the settling zone and volatile acids to an anoxic/anaerobic zone and therein increasing the extracellular polymer content of said sludge, the release of phosphorus into solution and the reduction of nitrate nitrogen to molecular nitrogen gas; and recycling an effective amount of the effluent from said anoxic/anaerobic zone to said aerobic/mixing zone. In an alternative embodiment, a volatile acid is added to a zone to which no additional oxygen has been added that is in the flow path from the main aerobic biological oxidation zone or, alternatively, it may be added to the anoxic/anaerobic zone and the thus-treated effluent is passed to the aerobic/mixing zone wherein phosphate is removed from the effluent.

A wastewater treatment process providing nitrogen, phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids removal comprises the steps of: passing wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, BOD and suspended solids, said wastewater mixed with recycled activated sludge from a subsequent step, into a first anoxic zone therein reducing nitrate nitrogen from the recycled sludge to molecular nitrogen; passing effluent from the first anoxic zone to a first aerobic zone therein oxidizing at least a portion of the BOD and oxidizing at least a portion of the ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen; recycling a portion of the contents at the end of the first aerobic zone back to the first anoxic zone; passing the effluent of the first aerobic zone to a second anoxic zone; introducing volatile fatty acid such as acetic acid into the second anoxic zone therein releasing phosphorus into a liquid phase; passing effluent from the second anoxic zone including the volatile fatty acid to a second aerobic zone therein substantially absorbing phosphorus into biomass and removing and/or oxidizing ammonia nitrogen; passing effluent from the second anoxic zone to a final settling zone therein separating: (i) a purified wastewater having decreased nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD and suspended solids and (ii) a sludge containing suspended solids, phosphate and BOD; and recycling at least a portion of the sludge (ii) to the first anoxic zone. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the sludge (ii) is also recycled to the second anoxic zone. In yet another embodiment, the second anoxic zone is divided into a first section and a second section. In the first section, anoxic conditions are established and in the second section, volatile fatty acid is added after anoxic conditions have been established.

Etching of carbonaceous layers with an etchant gas mixture including molecular oxygen (O₂) and a gas including a carbon sulfur terminal ligand. A high RF frequency source is employed in certain embodiments to achieve a high etch rate with high selectivity to inorganic dielectric layers. In certain embodiments, the etchant gas mixture includes only the two components, COS and O₂, but in other embodiments additional gases, such as at least one of molecular nitrogen (N₂), carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂) may be further employed to etch to carbonaceous layers.

A method of fabricating a polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material having an average thermal conductivity at room temperature through a thickness of the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material of at least 2000 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹, the method comprising: loading a refractory metal substrate into a CVD reactor; locating a refractory metal guard ring around a peripheral region of the refractory metal substrate, the refractory metal guard ring defining a gap between an edge of the refractory metal substrate and the refractory metal guard ring having a width 1.5 mm to 5.0 mm; introducing microwaves into the CVD reactor at a power such that the power density in terms of power per unit area of the refractory metal substrate is in a range 2.5 to 4.5 W mm⁻²; introducing process gas into the CVD reactor wherein the process gas within the CVD reactor comprises a nitrogen concentration in a range 600 ppb to 1500 ppb calculated as molecular nitrogen N2, a carbon containing gas concentration in a range 0.5% to 3.0% by volume, and a hydrogen concentration in a range 92% to 98.5% by volume; controlling an average temperature of the refractory metal substrate to lie in a range 750° C. to 950° C. and to maintain a temperature difference between an edge and a centre point on the refractory metal substrate of no more than 80° C. growing polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material to a thickness of at least 1.3 mm on the refractory metal substrate; and cooling the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material to yield a polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material having a thickness of at least 1.3 mm, an average thermal conductivity at room temperature through the thickness of the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material of at least 2000 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ over at least a central area of the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material, wherein the central area is at least 70% of a total area of the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material, a single substitutional nitrogen concentration no more than 0.80 ppm over at least the central area of the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material, and wherein the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material is substantially crack free over at least the central area thereof such that the central area has no cracks which intersect both external major faces of the polycrystalline CVD synthetic diamond material and extend greater than 2 mm in length.

Removal of organic mask material from an etched dielectric film with an etchant gas mixture including silicon fluoride (SiF₄). In certain embodiments, SiF₄ is combined in an etchant gas mixture of molecular nitrogen (N₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂) to in-situ strip an organic mask material from a porous low-k dielectric film that has been etched to form a damascene interconnect structure with reduced etch profile bowing and reduced ashing damage to the low-k dielectric film.

A process to form a copper-silicon-nitride layer on a copper surface on a semiconductor wafer is described. The process may include the step of exposing the wafer to a first plasma made from helium. The process may also include exposing the wafer to a second plasma made from a reducing gas, where the second plasma removes copper oxide from the copper surface, and exposing the wafer to silane, where the silane reacts with the copper surface to selectively form copper silicide. The process may further include exposing the wafer to a third plasma made from ammonia and molecular nitrogen to form the copper silicon nitride layer.

The invention discloses a method of treating and recycling food processing waste water by using a photosynthetic bacterium, which belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The method comprises the following steps: adding a micro-molecular carbon source substance into food processing waste water until a final concentration of the micro-molecular carbon source substance is 160 to 2000 mg/L and adding a micro-molecular nitrogen source substance into the food processing waste water until a final concentration of the micro-molecular nitrogen source substance is 55 to 1000 mg/L; adjusting the pH value of the waste water to be 7.0 to 9.0; then adding Rhodopseudomonas palustris in a logarithmic phase into the waste water until a final concentration of Rhodopseudomonas palustris is 240 to 2000 mg/L; carrying out treatment at a temperature of 25 to 30 DEG C for 96 to 120 h; and controlling externally applied illumination intensity to be 500 to 1500 lux by using an electric incandescent lamp and controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the waste water to be 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L. The method provided by the invention is simple and easily practicable, enables process flow to be simplified and a recycling degree of sewage to be improved, the problem of secondary pollution in traditional sewage treatment processes is avoided, and energy consumption is lowered down.

Processes for the reduction of NO_x emissions from a regeneration zone during a fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight components are disclosed. The processes comprise contacting during a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process where NO_x emissions are released from a regeneration zone of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) operating in a heterogeneous combustion mode under FCC conditions, a hydrocarbon feedstock with a circulating inventory of a FCC cracking catalyst and a NO_x reduction composition. The NO_x reduction composition comprises: (1) at least one reduced nitrogen species component having the ability to reduce the content of reduced nitrogen species to molecular nitrogen under reducing or partial burn FCC conditions and (2) at least one NO_x reduction component having the ability to convert NO_x to molecular nitrogen under oxidizing or full burn FCC conditions. The reduced nitrogen species and the NO_x reduction components do not significantly increase the content of reduced nitrogen species or NO_x under any mode of combustion during a FCC process.

A silicon nitride film, for example, is deposited by introducing into a plasma region of a chamber a silicon containing gas, molecular nitrogen and sufficient hydrogen to dissociate the nitrogen to allow the silicon and nitrogen to react to form a silicon nitride film on a surface adjacent the plasma region. The thus deposited film may then be subjected to an activation anneal.

This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to catalysts and catalytic methods for reduction of molecular nitrogen. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile reduction of molecular nitrogen under useful conditions such as room temperature or less and atmospheric pressure or less.

Highly dispersible inorganic compound nanoparticles include a high molecular nitrogen compound having at least two amino groups selected from primary amino groups, secondary amino groups and tertiary amino groups; and inorganic compound nanoparticles bonded to at least one amino group of the at least two amino groups. The inorganic compound nanoparticles are covered with the high molecular nitrogen compound.

A method and an emission control system are for catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of a combustion system, especially a diesel motor. An oxidation catalyst is arranged upstream in relation to the reduction catalyst and in the exhaust gas channel. A reaction agent for decomposing nitrogen oxides according to the method of the selective catalytic reduction is added according to the temperature and upstream or downstream in relation to the oxidation catalyst and upstream in relation to the reduction catalyst. The selectivity of the oxidation catalyst is used for decomposing nitrogen oxides to form molecular nitrogen.

The invention relates to an adsorbent for purifying coal ethylene glycol and a preparation method of the adsorbent for purifying the coal ethylene glycol. The adsorbent is used for removing trace impurities including aldehydes, esters, acids, micro-molecular nitrogen oxides or organic amine compounds and the like in a coal ethylene glycol product. The invention relates to modified active carbon which is used as the adsorbent; the ethylene glycol passes through a bed layer filled with the adsorbent at a room temperature and the trace impurities which can influence the light transmittance can be electively remained in the bed layer so that the content of the impurities of the product is reduced; and the ultraviolet light transmittance and the acidity of the coal ethylene glycol are improved and the chromaticity of an ethylene glycol distilled residual solution is reduced. The refining temperature is 20-50 DEG C and the liquid-phase air speed is 1.5hr<-1>. After the treatment of the method, the purity of the ethylene glycol is improved by 0.5% and the ultraviolet light transmittance (UV) reach 88% at 220nm, reach 96% at 275nm and reach 99.5% at 350nm; the acidity can reach 1ppm-8ppm; and the chromaticity of the distilled residual solution reaches the level equal to that of petroleum ethylene glycol and the standards of polyester-grade products are reached.

A process for preparing acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas oxidation of propylene, in which the starting reaction gas mixture has the following contents:

• from 6 to 9% by volume of propylene,
• from 8 to 18% by volume of molecular oxygen,
• from 6 to 30% by volume of propane and
• from 32 to 72% by volume of molecular nitrogen.

A synthesis route to grow textured thin film of gallium nitride on amorphous quartz substrates and on single crystalline substrates such as c-sapphire and polycrystalline substrates such as pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN), alumina and quartz using the dissolution of atomic nitrogen rather than molecular nitrogen to allow for growth at subatmospheric pressure.

The invention provides a micro-molecular biological controlled-release composite fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20% of urea, 15-30% of monoammonium phosphate, 10-25% of potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride, 5-10% of micro molecular nitrogen powder, 15-20% of medium trace element powder, 15-20% of a slow-release organic matter mixed material and 0.2-0.6 per mill of a composite bacterium, wherein the content of nitrogen of micro molecular nitrogen powder is 30-40%; the medium trace elements comprise raw material powder of potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, iron, boron, manganese and ore; the slow-release organic matter mixing material comprises byproducts of stevia rebaudiana powder, humic acid and soyabean protein; the effective bacterium content of the composite bacterium is 30-40 billion/gram. The invention further provides a preparation method of the micro-molecular biological controlled-release composite fertilizer. Therefore, the micro-molecular biological controlled-release composite fertilizer is not only relatively high in fertilizer efficiency, but also capable of ensuring that plants relatively well absorb metal elements.

The invention discloses a method for treating soybean processing wastewater by utilizing photosynthetic bacteria and recycling the wastewater, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The method comprises the steps as follows: adding small molecular carbon source substances with the final concentration of 400-1200 mg/L and small molecular nitrogen source substances with the final concentration of 200-2000 mg/L into the soybean processing wastewater at first; adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to be 7.0-9.0; adding rhodobacter sphaeroides with the final concentration of 400-1500 mg/L during logarithmic growth phase into the wastewater; treating for 96-120 h at the temperature of 25-30 DEG C; and micro-aerating in the wastewater and controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration in the soybean processing wastewater to be 0.5-1.0 mg/L during the treatment process. According to the method, the energy consumption is reduced, the process of treating sewage with the photosynthetic bacteria is simplified, a large amount of bacterial resources capable of being directly and comprehensively utilized are produced, and the problem of secondary pollution is avoided, so that the sewage recycling rate is increased.

The invention discloses a fermented cake fertilizer, its preparation method and application. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a fermented cake fertilizer which is suitable for tobacco growth. The fermented cake fertilizer is characterized in that a bean cake is subject to microbial strain fermentation, then macro-molecular compounds in the cake fertilizer are converted into micro-molecular compounds, nitrogen in protein is converted into amino acid to release nitrogen in the cake fertilizer in advance, thus the releasing rule of nitrogen is consistent with the nitrogen absorption rule of tobacco; and microbes generate protease in the process of growth, fermented materials are put in water, protease converts protein in the bean cake into amino acid or micro-molecular nitrogen containing compounds, plants can directly adsorb amino acid, or the micro-molecular nitrogen containing compounds are easy to be converted into absorbable nitrogen of plants in soil. According to the invention, the purpose of improving the tobacco quality can be achieved, and simultaneously the effects of increasing soil biological activity, improving soil structure, and raising soil fertility are achieved.

The invention discloses a macromolecular char-forming agent (CPCA) with high thermal stability, a preparation method, a composition and application thereof. The macromolecular char-forming agent (CPCA) with high thermal stability is prepared mainly by dehydrochlorination of the C-Cl bond on cyanuric chloride and the N-H bond in anhydrous piperazine and introduction of a small amount of small molecular nitrogen-containing compounds which can react with the C-Cl bond on the cyanuric chloride. The invention also provides a composition containing the CPCA, the composition comprises the CPCA and ammonium polyphosphate. The composition containing the CPCA can be melted and blended with polyolefin resin to prepare halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin materials. The composition has excellent flame retardant efficiency under the condition of very low CPCA content, can obviously improve the limiting oxygen index (up to more than 40%) of polyolefin, has a vertical combustion (UL94) grade of V-0 grade, has a heat release rate peak value reduced by more than 80% when burning compared with a pure sample, and maintains a high carbon residue rate.