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Various methods for decreasing the amount of nitrogen oxides released to the atmosphere as a component of combustion gas mixtures are provided. The methods specifically provide for the removal of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) from gas mixtures emitted from stationary combustion systems. In particular, methods for improving efficiency of nitrogen oxide reduction from combustion systems include injecting metal-containing compounds into the main combustion zone and/or the reburning zone of a combustion system. The metal containing compounds react with active combustion species, and these reactions change radical concentrations and significantly improve NOx conversion to molecular nitrogen. The metal-containing additives can be injected with the main fuel, in the main combustion zone, with secondary or reburning fuel addition, or at several locations in the main combustion zone and reburning zone. Optionally, nitrogenous reducing agents and/or overfire air can be injected downstream to further increase NOx reduction.

The invention relates to a felt material comprising at least one felt layer and an absorbing layer, to a method for producing the felt material, and to the use of the felt material in textiles, shoes, technical application or medical applications. The felt material according to the invention has the advantages of conventional felt materials regarding the warming and damping properties and is permeable to air in the dry state. Due to the special design, however, it is waterproof in the wet state and thus it is suitable for sealing many materials. The felt material according to the invention binds more humidity or binds water in a different way than common felt materials.

The invention relates to an Oral Delayed Immediate Release formulation comprising a compressed core containing one or more active substances surrounded with a coating, wherein release of active substance from the core is caused by rupture of the coating after a definite lag-time, said core comprising one or more immediate release carriers and having no substantial swelling properties upon exposure to gastrointestinal fluids. The invention further relates to formulations containing an Immediate Release formulation combined with one or more Oral Delayed Immediate Release formulations with different lag-times and to a method of preparing an Oral Delayed Immediate Release formulation.The Oral Delayed Immediate Release formulation may be used for the application of active substances whenever a certain lag-time before release is advantageous, such as in be the case of anti-asthmatics, anti-emetics, cardiotonics, vasodilators, anti-vertigo and anti-meniere compounds, anti-hypertensives, sedatives, anti-depressants, anti-anxiety compounds, cortico-steroids, general anti-inflammatory compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds for gastrointestinal use, anti-ulceratives, analgetics, anti-aritmics, anti-rheumatics, anti-arthritic compounds and anti-angina compounds.The Oral Delayed Immediate Release formulation may also be used for the application of biological active compounds such as proteins, peptides, enzymes, vaccines and oligonucleotides.

The present invention pertains to aerosols which comprise a first compound which is physiologically active and a second compound which is different from the first compound. Such aerosols may be produced “on demand” and can be used to control drug release, to improve vaporizability, or to reduce, modify or eliminate undesirable taste associated with a drug aerosol. The present invention also pertains to methods for producing such aerosols.

A method and apparatus are disclosed which involve an improved way to coerce use of a soap dispenser (or other hygiene device). A soap dispenser according to at least one embodiment, includes a teaching, entertaining or communication means that is fun and informative that is triggered when the soap dispenser is utilized. The soap dispenser may also be utilized as an advertising tool.

The present invention relates to the field of assisting sleep, including apparatus and methods for assisting sleep. In one form, the invention provides a postural support apparatus comprising a first supporting means (5) adapted to support the head of the user, a second supporting means (15) adapted to support the rib cage of the user, and a recess (3) intermediate the first supporting means (5) and the second supporting means (15), the recess (3) being adapted to accommodate at least part of an arm of the user, wherein the apparatus aligns the head and spine of the user such that the user's airways are kept open.

A process for forming a metal pattern comprising the following steps of: (a) half-etching a metal plate from one or respective sides thereof by means of first masking which is positioned on one or respective surfaces of the metal plate; (b) applying positive liquid resist on the half-etched metal plate from one or respective sides of the first masking; (c) exposing the positive liquid resist with light from one or respective sides of the first masking; (d) developing the positive liquid resist in such a manner that unexposed positive liquid resist located under the first masking is protected and exposed, uncured liquid resist is removed; (e) half-etching again the metal plate from one or respective sides thereof by means of second masking composed of the first masking and the protected positive liquid resist; (f) repeating the steps (b) to (e) until a metal pattern is obtained from the metal plate; and (g) removing the first masking, and the second or subsequent masking of the unexposed positive liquid resist, from the metal plate.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for helping assure the washing of a person's hands. An easily identifiable substance is provided which may be removed by washing. A marking mechanism is coupled with or contains the easily identifiable substance and the hand of the person is then marked with the easily identifiable substance when the marking mechanism is triggered. Substantially concurrent (or somewhat delayed) with the hand being marked a signal is given off which helps assure that the person actually uses the marking mechanism. Another way to coerce use of the marking mechanism and to allow authority figures to monitor use of the marking mechanism is a information recording device which tracks use of the marking mechanism.

Compounds that are modified polysaccharides having pendant aldehyde functionalities are disclosed. Each of the aldehyde functionalities is attached through a linker to a position corresponding to a hydrogen atom of a different hydroxyl group of unmodified polysaccharide. Also disclosed is a method for introducing an amine-reactive functionality into a dextran. The method comprises (a) reacting the dextran with an alkylating agent having a functionality that reacts with an hydroxyl group of the dextran thereby forming an alkylated dextran wherein the alkylating agent has an olefin group and (b) treating the alkylated dextran to convert the olefin group to an amine-reactive functionality. A polysaccharide can be conjugated to a biomolecule by carrying out the above method and reacting the amine-reactive functionality with an amine functionality on the biomolecule to produce polysaccharide conjugated to the biomolecule.

A method is provided capable of improving the accuracy of estimations of quantities that represent the state of a vehicle, such as vehicle speed, wheel slip ratio, wheel speed along the ground, longitudinal wheel force and the vehicle body sideslip angle, or values related to the quantities that represent the vehicle state, using a simple and inexpensive method. A tire longitudinal force computing unit 81 calculates longitudinal forces F₁ to F₄ of each of the wheels by substituting a coefficient of friction μ, which is adjusted such that a deviation between a detected value of a longitudinal acceleration G_x and an estimated longitudinal acceleration G_xe is zero, an estimated vehicle speed V_e, slip ratios S₁ to S₄ of each of the wheels calculated based on detected values of sensors 11 and 31, loads W₁ to W₄ of each of the wheels, calculated based on detected values of sensors 12 and 61, and lateral forces Y₁ to Y₄, into an equation related to a predetermined tire dynamics model. A longitudinal acceleration estimating unit 82 calculates an estimated longitudinal acceleration G_xe based on the longitudinal forces F₁ to F₄ and a predetermined movement equation. An integrator 43 integrates with respect to time the estimated longitudinal acceleration G_xe, and calculates an estimated vehicle speed V_e.

Provided is a lithium-cobalt-manganese oxide having the formula Li[Co_xLi_(1/3−x/3)Mn_(2/3−2x/3)]O₂(0.05<X<0.9) which provide a stable structure and a superior discharge capacity, and the method of synthesizing of the same. The method of synthesizing the oxides according to the present invention comprises: preparing an aqueous solution of lithium salt, cobalt salt, and manganese salt; forming a gel by burning the aqueous solution; making oxide powder by burning the gel; forming a fine oxide powder having a layered structure by the twice of treatments. The lithium-cobalt-manganese oxide synthesized according to the present invention has a stable and superior electrochemical characteristic. The oxide is synthesized by simple and low cost heat treatment process.

There are provided a replica mold which is excellent in transferring a pattern of a master mold, and also has notably excellent hardness, transparency, heat resistance and chemical resistance, and a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing the replica mold. A method of manufacturing a replica mold according to the present invention includes the steps of: applying, to a substrate, a replica mold material containing a polysilane and a silicone compound; pressing a master mold on which a predetermined minute pattern has been formed to the replica mold material which has been applied to the substrate; irradiating energy rays from a side of the substrate while the master mold is contacted by press with the replica mold material; releasing the master mold; and irradiating the replica mold material with energy rays from a side to which the master mold has been pressed.

A system is described for monitoring a subsea formation, which is under development. Instruments located in a completed but unconnected well are employed for providing information by a provisional monitoring unit being lowered downhole and connected to the well. Changes in the reservoir as a result of operations in other adjacent wells are intercepted by the instruments in the well and transmitted via an acoustic link to the surface.