322results about "Combined combustion mitigation" patented technology

A process for process for generating power in an ammonia-fueled gas turbine power plant includes flowing an ammonia feed stream to an ammonia cracker reactor in geographical proximity to an ammonia-fueled gas turbine power plant to crack ammonia feed stream under cracking conditions, thereby producing a product effluent comprising ammonia and hydrogen, flowing the product effluent comprising ammonia and hydrogen to an ammonia-fueled gas turbine of an ammonia-fueled gas turbine power plant, and combusting the product effluent comprising ammonia and hydrogen to drive the ammonia-fueled gas turbine. An exhaust gas stream generated from the ammonia-fueled gas turbine is recycled back to supply heat to the ammonia cracker reactor.

The invention discloses steam turbine high-low pressure bypass heat supply equipment, which relates to the technical field of heat energy engineering and power machinery, and comprises a signal acquisition module, an offset early warning module, a correction control module and a stable operation module, and constructing a time anchor point set, and generating a phase residual frequency spectrum for identifying a steam flow fluctuation source. According to the method, signals are collected through a unified time base line, a steam fluctuation source is identified in combination with a phase residual frequency spectrum, an impact track is reconstructed through phase conjugate inversion, and an overtemperature risk window is identified. Feedforward correction control is generated through track playback and predictive mapping, real-time rearrangement of valve behaviors is achieved, and the operation stability and the overtemperature resistance of the steam turbine under the deep peak regulation and disturbance conditions are improved.

The present application relates to the technical field of cooling water system control, especially to a self-shutdown control method for a closed cycle cooling water system of a gas turbine combined cycle unit. The closed cycle cooling water system comprises multiple closed water pumps and multiple closed coolers. The present application realizes full automatic control of three closed water pumps, optimizes the standby logic of the closed water pumps, sets up a primary standby function and a secondary standby function, and integrates all the three closed water pumps into the shutdown control process. Through the closed cooler shutdown process and the closed water pump shutdown process, the most suitable closed cooler and closed water pump are automatically selected for shutdown, and the shutdown of the closed cycle water system is realized in an orderly and efficient manner according to the established rules. Without the need for human judgment and operation by the operation personnel, the full automatic shutdown of the closed cycle cooling water system is realized without disturbing the stable operation state of the unit, and the labor intensity of the operation personnel is reduced, and the safety and the automation level of the unit are improved.

The invention relates to a method for optimizing a district heating network (1) comprising outgoing supply pipes and incoming return pipes, wherein a heat carrying fluid is circulated to be utilized for residential and commercial heating requirements. For storing excess thermal energy available at the district heating network, the method involves the steps of implementing more than one ground-based borehole thermal energy storage (4) as distributed heat storages at different locations of or along the district heating network (1). Each heat storage (4) is adapted to receive thermal energy from various forms of heat sources, which heat sources may be found at different locations of or along the district heating network (1) such, that the heat sources and the heat storages forming nodes in the district heating network (1). Excess thermal energy available to one node of the district heating network (1) is used to charge a borehole thermal energy storage (4) at one or several nodes, and thermal energy available from the borehole thermal energy storages (4) is at disposal to be used to heat the heat carrying fluid circulated in the supply pipes of the district heating network.

The application relates to a combined heat and power system, which comprises a boiler, a generator unit, a molten salt heat storage subsystem and a steam heat storage subsystem; the generator unit comprises a high-pressure cylinder, a medium-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder; the molten salt heat storage subsystem comprises a cold salt tank, a hot salt tank, a heat storage heat exchanger and a heat supply heat exchanger, the heat storage heat exchanger is provided with a first low-temperature medium flow channel and a first high-temperature medium flow channel, the heat supply heat exchanger is provided with a second low-temperature medium flow channel and a second high-temperature medium flow channel; the first high-temperature medium flow channel is connected with a steam extraction end of the medium-pressure cylinder; one end of the second low-temperature medium flow channel is connected with a water supply end, and the other end is connected with a heat user; the steam heat storage subsystem comprises a steam heat storage tank, an input end of the steam heat storage tank is connected with the steam extraction end of the medium-pressure cylinder, an output end is connected with a steam inlet end of the low-pressure cylinder, and the steam heat storage tank has the advantages of being able to meet different scheduling requirements and increasing the flexibility of scheduling.

The present application relates to the technical field of energy utilization, and particularly to a combined heat and power generation system capable of efficiently and flexibly heating by means of dual-unit combined supply, comprising a high backpressure unit and a conventional unit, and further comprising a first-stage heating unit, a second-stage heating unit, a third-stage heating unit, and a fourth-stage heating unit. In the present application, four stages of different heating units are provided and are simultaneously communicated with a conventional backpressure unit and the high backpressure unit, and a low-pressure cylinder crossover pipe heating mode and a low-pressure cylinder zero-output heating mode are flexibly selected on the basis of the total steam consumption demand of the third-stage and fourth-stage heater in combination with the real-time electric load condition of the conventional backpressure unit, so that the heating load of the units can be adjusted more flexibly; and when an electric load is determined, the external heating loads of the conventional and high backpressure units can fluctuate between -50% and +50%, and a high thermal-electric decoupling capability is realized.

A system, for recirculating exhaust gas includes a combined cycle power plant including a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), a gas turbine system, and an exhaust gas recirculation assembly downstream from the HRSG for receiving the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas recirculation assembly includes a direct contact cooler (DCC) in flow communication with the gas turbine system. The system also includes a computing device(s) in communication with the power plant. The computing device(s) is configured to control the combined cycle power plant by performing processes including measuring a characteristic of the exhaust gas downstream from the exhaust gas recirculation assembly and comparing the measured characteristic of the exhaust gas to a predefined characteristic threshold or a predefined characteristic range for the exhaust gas. The computing device(s) also performs processes including adjusting operational parameters of the exhaust gas recirculation assembly, and / or a distinct portion of the combined cycle power plant.

The invention relates to a flexible method and a system for production of hot water (district heating) by integration of a biomass heating system and an electrical heat pump system, so that district heating can be produced in an optimal way – with high efficiency via the heat pump system and / or the biomass heating system. Such high efficient and fuel flexible system is especially attractive when fuel- and electricity prices are varying.

This invention discloses a flue gas recirculation gasification burner, comprising a central tube, a first annular channel outside the central tube, a second annular channel outside the first annular channel, a third annular channel outside the second annular channel, and a fourth annular channel outside the third annular channel. A cylindrical jacket is fixedly installed inside the third annular channel. An annular distribution seat is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fourth annular channel. Several nozzles evenly distributed in a ring array are fixedly installed on the upper side of the distribution seat. The tail of the nozzles is connected to the fourth annular channel through a conduit located in the distribution seat. The central tube and the fourth annular channel are used to introduce oxygen. The high-speed injection of oxygen from the outer side through the nozzles creates a recirculation zone near the burner nozzle, entraining the recirculated flue gas to form a flue gas recirculation, achieving staged mixing and combustion, thereby reducing the temperature at the burner nozzle and extending its lifespan. Simultaneously, it extends the residence time of the syngas, effectively improving the gasification reaction efficiency.

To provide a control device, a control method and a control program for a steam power generation plant which allows separation of some steam generators while maintaining a stable operation state.SOLUTION: At least one of steam supply systems in a composite cycle power generation plant comprises: a first steam generator; a first passage in which steam generated by the first steam generator flows; a second steam generator; a second passage in which steam generated by the second steam generator flows; a third passage connecting a merging part of the first passage and the second passage and a steam turbine; and a bypass passage branching from the first passage. A first cutoff valve and a second cutoff valve are arranged in the first passage and the second passage, and a bypass valve is arranged in the bypass passage. In such a plant, an opening operation from a full-closed state of the bypass valve is started at a separation start timing of starting a closing operation from a full-open state of the first cutoff valve with the second cutoff valve fully opened.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

This prevents leakage of lubricating oil sealed in the bearings located in the exhaust chamber during a sudden load reduction operation of a gas turbine. [Solution] The gas turbine system according to the present invention comprises a gas turbine, a heat recovery device for recovering waste heat from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine, a blower for supplying the exhaust gas of the heat recovery device, and a carbon dioxide recovery device for recovering carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas. The exhaust chamber of a gas turbine houses a bearing section that rotatably supports the gas turbine rotor. Sealing air is supplied to the bearing section by a sealing air supply system. If the gas turbine's operating state is determined to be a sudden load reduction operation, the sealing air supply system is controlled to increase the flow rate of sealing air compared to the gas turbine's normal operation.

The present application relates to the technical field of thermoelectricity, and more particularly to a combined peak shaving system and method of electrode boiler and heat storage tank of a combined heat and power unit, which deeply integrates the electrode boiler, the heat storage tank and a low-temperature waste heat recovery module of the unit, and additionally adds an intelligent control unit to realize accurate linkage of pipeline connection and peak shaving instructions. In deep peak shaving, the three work cooperatively in time, space and grade: the electrode boiler responds quickly to provide main heat-electricity decoupling capacity; at the same time, the low-temperature waste heat recovery module recovers the waste heat that may be wasted when the unit is operated at low load; and the heat storage tank realizes fluctuation suppression and storage of heat from the above-mentioned multiple sources. This coupling solves the defects of a single technical path and realizes synergistic effect.

To provide a vertical carbonization furnace capable of controlling a carbonization rate and being efficient.SOLUTION: A carbonization furnace which is a carbonization furnace 20 that produces carbide from an organic material by supplying the organic material includes: an organic material combustion region A1 where oxygen is supplied to an upper part of the organic material heaped up inside, part of the organic material is combusted, and a temperature of the carbonization furnace is maintained at a high temperature; a carbonization region A2 provided below the organic material combustion region and where the organic material is carbonized; and a steam supply section that causes high temperature steam to pass around an outer periphery of the organic material combustion region and / or causes, using a steam supply pipe, high temperature steam to pass from an upper part of the organic material combustion region throughout the organic material combustion region, further heats up by thermal energy of the organic material combustion region, produces superheated steam having a high temperature equal to or higher than a temperature enough to exert a high temperature carbonization facilitating effect with respect to an organic material, and supplies the superheated steam to the organic material in the organic material combustion region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses an industrial steam extraction combined heat and power generation frequency modulation system and an industrial steam extraction combined heat and power generation frequency modulation method adapting to a variable load condition, and relates to the technical field of combined heat and power generation. The problems that the heat storage capacity is limited and the frequency modulation capacity is low due to the fact that only reheating hot section steam is utilized at the present stage are abandoned, and in the sliding temperature operation mode, due to the fact that the temperature of main steam and the temperature of reheating steam can be changed by unit variable loads, the change trend of the steam extraction amount is completely opposite to the steam extraction temperature in the frequency modulation process, and the heat storage capacity is limited. Therefore, the outlet temperature of the heated molten salt is controlled by changing the sensible heat exchange amount of the main steam superheating heat exchanger and the reheating hot section steam superheating heat exchanger, and through the control strategy that the temperature is dynamically adjusted to be stable through the flow branches and the molten salt flow distribution of the main steam superheating heat exchanger and the reheating hot section steam superheating heat exchanger, the heat exchange efficiency of the molten salt is improved. The stability of the temperature of the heat storage medium in the heat storage process is greatly improved, and finally efficient operation of the system is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of combined heat and power generation units, and particularly relates to a combined heat and power generation unit peak regulation system with an ultrahigh-temperature heat pump coupled with fused salt energy storage. According to the technical scheme, in the heat storage process, a combined heat and power generation unit operates under the lowest load working condition, a boiler is in the lowest stable combustion load, a certain amount of main steam is extracted to heat fused salt, sensible heat of the main steam is stored in the fused salt, and the main steam obtained after heat exchange is decompressed through a pressure reducing valve and then supplied to low-pressure steam; meanwhile, low-temperature steam serves as a low-temperature heat source in the ultra-high-temperature heat pump system with air as a circulating medium, steam flowing out of a boiler low-temperature reheater enters a low-temperature heat exchanger to heat the air, the steam obtained after heat exchange continues to enter a boiler high-temperature reheater to absorb heat to become reheated steam, and then the reheated steam enters a steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder to do work; meanwhile, a motor in the ultra-high-temperature heat pump system can consume the cogeneration unit to generate power, and the purpose of zero-load output is achieved. In the heat release process, heat stored by the fused salt is released into feed water to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam and reheat steam which enter a high-pressure cylinder and an intermediate-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine to do work, and the load rising rate and the peak power generation capacity of the unit are improved; and meanwhile, part of the generated high-pressure steam and low-pressure steam are supplied externally, so that the requirement of industrial steam is met. The problems that in the peak regulation process of the cogeneration unit, the peak regulation capacity is small, and the boiler operation safety and external supply industrial steam parameters under the low load are limited are solved.

The application provides a control system and method for medium-pressure steam admission in a gas-steam combined cycle unit, comprising a medium-pressure water extraction pump, a superheater, a medium-pressure bypass regulating valve, a condenser, a medium-pressure steam regulating valve, a reheater and a steam turbine, the medium-pressure water extraction pump is connected with the superheater through a pipeline, the water outlet of the superheater is connected with the condenser and the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through pipelines, the medium-pressure bypass regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline corresponding to the condenser, the medium-pressure steam regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline corresponding to the steam turbine, and the reheater is arranged between the medium-pressure steam regulating valve and the steam turbine. The control system and method for medium-pressure steam admission in the gas-steam combined cycle unit can maintain the medium-pressure drum liquid level in a safe liquid level range through the medium-pressure feedwater regulating valve, realize automatic control during medium-pressure steam admission through the opening and closing of the medium-pressure steam regulating valve and the medium-pressure bypass regulating valve, and reduce misoperation.

The invention provides a thermal power poly-generation system integrating waste heat recovery and pump heat energy storage. The thermal power poly-generation system comprises a combined heat and power generation system, and a flue gas waste heat utilization system exchanges heat with flue gas of the combined heat and power generation system and recovers flue gas waste heat; the pump heat energy storage system comprises a heat pump and a heat storage system, the heat storage system is connected with the combined heat and power generation system and the flue gas waste heat utilization system through pipelines for heat exchange through the heat pump, and the heat storage system is further electrically connected with the combined heat and power generation system for heat storage. The flue gas desulfurization waste heat recovery system is arranged on the tail flue of the boiler, so that the flue gas waste heat can be effectively recovered, and the coal consumption of a unit is reduced; cold energy supply can be achieved through the pump heat energy storage system, meanwhile, surplus electric energy and waste heat are converted into high-temperature heat energy to be stored in a high-temperature storage tank, the high-temperature heat energy is released when needed to generate steam, the steam is reinjected into a steam turbine thermodynamic system, the thermoelectricity operation interval is widened, the unit variable load rate is increased, and the power generation efficiency is improved. The operation regulation capability of the combined heat and power generation system is enhanced, and more flexible regulation and control means are provided.

This invention relates to a method and system for complete utilization of combustible waste with electricity generation and ash vitrification, which will find application in the field of thermal power generation, in particular for incineration of municipal solid waste, of end-of-life tyres, and of organic waste, for small-scale power generation, and for obtaining granular vitrified inert material. With the established method and system for the complete utilization of combustible municipal solid waste and tyres used as secondary fuel RDF or TDF, a closed waste-free production is ensured, with minimized risk of toxic emissions polluting the atmosphere. In addition, the volume of waste is reduced, electricity generation is increased, and an environmentally friendly vitrified granular product is produced instead of ash and slag. The resulting glass granular product can be used as a building material in road, civil and industrial construction, in the production of building materials and thermal insulation.

The application provides a double-feed reverse electrodialysis power generation system, which comprises a heat generation module, a working condition adjusting module and a concentration difference power generation module. The heat generation module converts heat energy into chemical potential energy between salt solutions with different concentrations. The working condition adjusting module adjusts the temperature, pressure, concentration and flow of the dilute solution and the concentrated solution according to the actual working condition. The concentration difference power generation module converts the chemical potential energy between the salt solutions into electric energy through a reverse electrodialysis process. The conversion from heat energy to electric energy is realized through the above three processes. The application has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, low control difficulty, low noise and high reliability.

The invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for operation of hydrogen fueled electric power plants integrated with thermal energy storage. It is an object of this invention to reduce the cost of providing reliable electricity from variable renewable energy sources by storing excess renewable energy and using the stored renewable energy to reduce the quantity of fuel required, to reduce the cost of producing hydrogen fuel by electrolysis, and to produce and store hydrogen at the power plant to eliminate the cost of transporting hydrogen and the need to upgrade natural gas pipelines and pipeline compressors.

The invention discloses a method and system for increasing the heat supply flow of a cogeneration unit, and belongs to the technical field of heat supply system optimization of the cogeneration unit. According to the method, the steam loss is reduced by checking the state of a system valve and treating steam-water leakage; the steam source pressure is dynamically increased according to requirements, and the valve adjusting margin is recovered; meanwhile, a standby temperature reduction station is put into use to increase the flow area and reduce the system resistance; and the same-parameter steam sources of adjacent machines can be arranged in parallel so as to compensate insufficient heat supply of a single machine and prevent steam channeling. The heat supply flow of the unit can be effectively increased, and safe and stable operation of the system is guaranteed.

The invention provides a carbon capture system. The carbon capture system comprises a gasification system; the dust removal washing system is positioned at the downstream of the gasification system and is communicated with the gasification system; the transformation system is positioned at the downstream of the dust removal washing system and is communicated with the dust removal washing system; the synthesis gas separation system is positioned at the downstream of the conversion system and is communicated with the conversion system; the power generation system is communicated with the gasification system; the power generation system is communicated with the synthesis gas separation system; the synthesis gas separation system comprises a plurality of synthesis gas separation assemblies, the synthesis gas separation assemblies are arranged in parallel, each synthesis gas separation assembly comprises a first controller and an execution device in control connection with the first controller, and each execution device has a separation state and a cut-off state. According to the technical scheme, the problem that a carbon capture system in the related technology cannot be adjusted in time when facing the load change of carbon capture is effectively solved.

The utility model relates to power generation equipment technical field discloses a kind of permanent magnet generator heat dissipation structure, including heat dissipation seat, the top of heat dissipation seat is equipped with mounting slot, the inner wall of mounting slot is fixedly installed with permanent magnet generator, the side surface of heat dissipation seat is fixedly connected with heat exchange shell, limit component is arranged on heat exchange shell, the limit component includes backplate, the front opening of heat exchange shell is arranged, the back of backplate is contacted with the front opening of heat exchange shell, the back of backplate is fixedly connected with two dust screen plates. In the utility model, limit component is set, backplate and dust screen plate are slid into heat exchange shell, plug block is automatically fixed under the action of spring, when disassembling, pinch moving pressing plate, pull handle, backplate and dust screen plate can be taken out, maintenance efficiency is greatly improved, reliable fixation: plug block and insertion slot are closely matched, dust screen plate is stably fixed, prevent its loosening and falling off, continuously filter air, guarantee equipment stable operation.

The invention relates to the technical field of pulverized coal processing, and discloses a gasified pulverized coal pressurizing and feeding device which comprises a normal-pressure pulverized coal bunker and further comprises a pressurizing and feeding part mounted on the normal-pressure pulverized coal bunker; the cleaning part is arranged on the normal-pressure pulverized coal bunker; the stirring part is mounted in the normal-pressure pulverized coal bunker; the discharging part is arranged at the bottom of the normal-pressure pulverized coal bunker; the cleaning part comprises a plurality of cleaning assemblies, and the cleaning assemblies are distributed in the normal-pressure pulverized coal bunker in a circumferential array mode. According to the pressurized feeding device, by arranging the cleaning part, the problems that when an existing pressurized feeding device is used, the inner wall of the normal-pressure pulverized coal bin is inconvenient to clean, pulverized coal is attached to the normal-pressure pulverized coal bin to be left, waste is caused, the subsequent feeding efficiency is affected, the residual pulverized coal is condensed into blocks to fall off, a discharging channel is blocked, and stable operation of the device is affected are solved.

A power plant includes a gas turbine engine, which includes a compressor and a turbine. The compressor includes a compressor outlet. The turbine discharges a first exhaust gas stream therefrom. A heat recovery steam generator extracts heat from the first exhaust gas stream and discharges a second exhaust gas stream therefrom. A cooler cools the second exhaust gas stream, thereby defining a cooled exhaust gas stream, and discharges the cooled exhaust gas stream. An exhaust gas recirculation line channels a first portion of the cooled exhaust gas stream towards the compressor. A recirculation compressor selectively pressurizes the first portion of the cooled exhaust gas stream for discharge to the compressor outlet.

The present application provides a small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator, comprising: a furnace body, a grate, a smoke collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas output pipe, a secondary combustion chamber and a slag collecting hopper. The present application also provides a pyrolysis gasification method of the small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator. The small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator and the pyrolysis gasification method thereof can make the household garbage in the furnace better have a continuous pyrolysis reaction, and the required external input energy in the pyrolysis reaction process is less, the fluctuation of the hearth reaction state is smaller, the pyrolysis gas composition and temperature are more stable, and the ash ignition loss is lower, thereby being beneficial to improving the operation efficiency of the incinerator, being more beneficial to the stable operation of the secondary combustion chamber, reducing the load impact of the downstream flue gas treatment system, and reducing the comprehensive operation cost.

A solar energy auxiliary combined heat and power system and operation method, the system comprises a boiler, a high, medium and low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine, a condenser, a heat recovery system connected in sequence; further comprising a trough type solar heat collection system, a high and low temperature heat storage tank, an oil-water heat exchanger, a peak heater, a waste heat heater, an auxiliary heater, an absorption heat pump and various valves. During the daytime power peak and heat valley period, the solar energy drives the absorption heat pump and the peak heater, recovers the steam turbine exhaust and the waste heat of the heat network return water, under the premise of meeting the heat supply load, auxiliary improves the steam turbine power output; the excess solar heat is stored through the high temperature tank. During the night power valley and heat peak period, the high temperature tank releases heat to drive the absorption heat pump and the peak heater to recover the steam turbine exhaust and the waste heat of the heat network return water, which is used for heat supply of the heat network. The present application realizes the pure condensing condition operation of the combined heat and power unit in the heating season, and greatly improves the power output of the unit in the power peak period, and the peak regulation capacity is obviously improved.

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for adjusting the purging time of a gas turbine. The method includes: determining a maximum purging shortening time for the gas turbine based on the current purging time and the airflow rate during purging; and adjusting the purging time of the gas turbine based on the maximum purging shortening time. This invention solves the technical problem of resource waste caused by inaccurate purging time calculation.

The utility model provides a boiler cogeneration device, which relates to the technical field of waste incineration devices and comprises a boiler and a steam turbine which are connected through a steam pipeline, the steam pipeline is communicated with a steam branch pipe, and the tail end of the steam branch pipe is communicated with a heat consumer. The steam branch pipe is sequentially provided with a first valve assembly, a temperature and pressure reducer and an outlet electric door in the steam flowing direction. A steam exhaust port of the steam turbine communicates with a steam condensing assembly, the steam condensing assembly communicates with the boiler through a water supply pipeline, the water supply pipeline is sequentially provided with a heater assembly, a deoxidizing assembly and a desuperheating water branch in the flowing direction of condensed water, the desuperheating water branch is connected with a temperature and pressure reducer, and a second valve assembly is arranged on the desuperheating water branch. The technical problems that in the prior art, the waste heat recovery efficiency is low, and parts for waste heat recovery at different positions are lacked are solved, and the technical effects that waste heat is utilized in a gradient mode, the energy utilization rate is increased, and energy consumption is reduced are achieved.

This present invention relates to an eco-friendly ultra-high temperature thermal decomposition system for waste-to-energy, comprising: a thermal decomposition chamber to maintain temperature above 850°C without any auxiliary fuel; a double-layered air-curtain maker having ten vertical levels of air inlets to trap air pollutant materials for more than 2 seconds within the thermal decomposition chamber; central and lower oil nozzles to spray auxiliary fuel: an outer shredder to shred input materials to enhance treatment capacity; an inner shredder to shred the input materials and ash remaining at a bottom of the thermal decomposition chamber; a screw conveyor to feed the shredded input material and the ash into the thermal decomposition chamber; a thermal generation chamber to generate electricity; a steam chamber to regenerate electricity through boiler and steam-turbine generator; a dust collector to collect dust; and a monitoring device to monitor the results of a thermal decomposition process.