658results about "Engine starters" patented technology

The invention discloses a control method for improving the cold starting performance of a methanol extended-range hybrid power system, relates to the field of engine control, and solves the technical problem that the existing methanol engine starting mode has limited effects on the thermal atmosphere of methanol atomization, premixing and methanol injection ignition success under the low-temperature condition. The method comprises the steps that an engine starting success condition is set, the real-time environment temperature is obtained, when the real-time environment temperature is larger than the preset first starting temperature, a first starting strategy is adopted to start an engine, and whether the engine is started successfully or not is judged according to the engine starting success condition. The invention further discloses a system for improving the cold start performance of the methanol extended-range hybrid power system. Methanol atomization is promoted, methanol is fully premixed, and the successful thermal atmosphere effect and success rate of a methanol injection point are improved.

A heat exchanger positioned within an annular duct of a gas turbine engine is provided. The heat exchanger extends substantially continuously along the circumferential direction and defining a heat exchanger height equal to at least 10% of a duct height. An effective transmission loss (ETL) for the heat exchanger positioned within the annular duct is between 5 decibels and 1 decibels for an operating condition of the gas turbine engine. The heat exchanger includes a heat transfer section defining an acoustic length (Li), and wherein an Operational Acoustic Reduction Ratio (OARR) is greater than or equal to 0.75 to achieve the ETL at the operating condition.

The utility model discloses an automobile warm air water tank capable of adapting to low temperature. The water inlet is arranged in the box body close to the bottom end of the box body, and the water inlet is communicated with the box body; the water outlet is arranged on the box body close to the top end of the box body, and the water outlet is communicated with the box body; the bottom end, close to the box body, of the heating pipeline is arranged in the box body, and the heating pipeline is partially located in the box body. By arranging the heating pipeline, when the heat of the engine is not enough to maintain the temperature of the automobile, the heating pipeline can provide heat. When the automobile does not work, the heating pipeline can maintain the temperature of the cooling liquid, and freezing of the cooling liquid due to too low temperature is avoided. The bottom end, close to the box body, of the heating pipeline is arranged in the box body, when the cooling liquid in the box body is heated, the density of the cooling liquid at the bottom is reduced and increased after the cooling liquid is heated, and therefore circulation is formed in the box body, and the cooling liquid in the box body is heated more evenly.

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses an engine intelligent layered thermal management system and method based on multivariable predictive control, and the system comprises a thermal management execution module, an information sensing module and an intelligent control module; the information sensing module is used for collecting real-time information and sending the real-time information to the intelligent control module; the information sensing module comprises a plurality of sensors and a communication interface, the plurality of sensors at least cover a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor, and the communication interface is used for obtaining engine torque, rotating speed, fuel injection amount, boost pressure and vehicle speed information; the intelligent control module receives the real-time information sent by the information sensing module, performs thermal load prediction and multi-target optimization calculation to obtain an optimal control sequence, and sends the optimal control sequence to the thermal management execution module; and the thermal management execution module receives the optimal control sequence and calls an execution element to execute a thermal management action.

The invention particularly relates to a parallel combination engine starting and fuel oil supply system cross-linking structure and a control method, and the parallel combination engine starting and fuel oil supply system cross-linking structure comprises an air turbine, an aircraft accessory cartridge receiver, an engine transmission system and a stamping fuel oil pump; an air turbine shaft is connected with an aircraft accessory casing, a starting clutch is arranged between the air turbine shaft and the aircraft accessory casing, the aircraft accessory casing is connected with an engine transmission system, and the engine transmission system is connected with a turbine engine; an air turbine shaft is connected with a ramjet fuel pump, an oil supply clutch is arranged between the air turbine shaft and the ramjet fuel pump, and the ramjet fuel pump is used for The air turbine is connected with an airplane auxiliary power system through an air entraining pipeline; an auxiliary air entraining valve is arranged on the air entraining pipeline; the air turbine is connected with the turbine engine fan rear flow channel through an air entraining pipeline, and a fan air entraining valve is arranged on the air entraining pipeline. The air turbine is connected with the stamping air inlet channel through an air entraining pipeline, and a stamping air entraining valve is arranged on the air entraining pipeline.

Disclosed in the present invention are a cryogenic fuel engine cold-start system, a control method, an apparatus, a device, a medium, and a vehicle. The cryogenic fuel engine cold-start system comprises: a cryogenic fuel engine, a cryogenic fuel tank, a master controller, a battery, and a cryogenic fuel injector. The cryogenic fuel tank is connected to a feed port of the cryogenic fuel injector; a nozzle of the cryogenic fuel injector is connected to the cryogenic fuel engine, and is used for injecting a cryogenic fuel to the cryogenic fuel engine; the cryogenic fuel engine is provided with an electric heating apparatus communicationally connected to the master controller; the battery is electrically connected to the electric heating apparatus; and the electric heating apparatus at least comprises an air channel heating apparatus. In the present invention, by means of the air channel heating apparatus arranged in an air inlet channel, a cryogenic fuel jet is boiled, thereby solving the cold-start problem of a cryogenic fuel, i.e., solving the cold-start problem of methanol, and matching an extended-range technology route. In addition, compared with the prior art that gasoline is used for heating, the present invention uses the electric heating apparatus, thereby avoiding the problems in the prior art of emission exceedance and emission aftertreatment that need to be considered when gasoline is used for heating.

A method for controlling a gas turbine engine including estimating a temperature gradient between first and second portions of a spool, comparing the estimated temperature gradient with a temperature gradient threshold, if the temperature gradient is less than the threshold, driving a drive shaft in rotation at a rotational speed varying over time according to a first profile of rotational speed variation, and if the temperature gradient is greater than the threshold, controlling the electric motor to drive the drive shaft in rotation such as to vary the rotational speed of the drive-shaft according to a second profile of rotational speed variation over time so that, when the rotational speed lies within a critical interval of rotational speeds, acceleration of rotation of the drive shaft is greater than acceleration of rotation of the drive-shaft according to the first profile of rotational speed variation, within the same critical interval.

The invention relates to the technical field of generator sets, and discloses an anti-scalding heat dissipation device of a methanol generator set, the anti-scalding heat dissipation device comprises the methanol generator set and a heat dissipation box, the methanol generator set is arranged in the heat dissipation box, heat dissipation openings are formed in the periphery of the heat dissipation box, and electric shutters are installed in the four heat dissipation openings; the top of the heat dissipation box is opened and provided with a water collection tank, and water in the water collection tank is used for cooling the exhaust pipe. The methanol generator set has the advantages that a user is prevented from being scalded by exhausted high-temperature smoke when using the methanol generator set, and the use safety of the methanol generator set is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of engine starting, and provides a cold start auxiliary system of a methanol engine, a control method of the cold start auxiliary system and related equipment. The cold start auxiliary system of the methanol engine comprises an air inlet heater which is assembled on the inner wall of an air inlet pipeline of the methanol engine and used for heating air in the air inlet pipeline; the spark plug heater is assembled on the outer wall of a spark plug of the methanol engine and used for heating the spark plug; the nozzle heater is assembled on the outer wall of a nozzle of the methanol engine and used for heating methanol fuel flowing through the nozzle; the air inlet temperature sensor is assembled on the inner wall of an air inlet pipeline of the methanol engine and is used for detecting the temperature of air in the air inlet pipeline; the control unit is in communication connection with the air inlet heater, the spark plug heater, the nozzle heater and the air inlet temperature sensor and used for controlling the air inlet heater, the spark plug heater and the nozzle heater according to the temperature of cooling liquid of the methanol engine.

The utility model provides a glow plug with strong durability, which relates to the technical field of glow plugs, and comprises a main body mechanism, the main body mechanism comprises a glow plug body, a heating tube is sleeved in the glow plug body, the heating tube is in sliding connection with the glow plug body, the outer surface of the heating tube is fixedly connected with a fixed block, and the fixed block is fixedly connected with the glow plug body. A limiting block is arranged on one side face of the fixing block. According to the electric heating plug, the main body mechanism is arranged, and the electric heating plug body and the heating tube can be separated, so that when the heating tube is damaged, the heating tube can be replaced, parts which do not need to be replaced can be continuously used, the durability of the electric heating plug is higher, and meanwhile, a part of use cost of the electric heating plug is also saved; and the guide groove is arranged, so that the heating tube can be positioned and mounted, and the fixed block can be positioned at a proper position.

The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage multi-stage expansion machine quick starting system and method. The compressed air energy storage multi-stage expansion machine quick starting system comprises multi-stage expansion machines which are sequentially connected in series and a main air inlet pipeline connected to the first-stage expansion machine. The main air inlet module is used for supplying and adjusting air flow to the multi-stage expansion machine in a normal operation mode; the last-stage priority starting module is used for converting a high-pressure gas source into low-pressure large-flow mixed gas flow suitable for being driven by the expansion machine in the initial starting stage, and the converted mixed gas flow bypasses the previous expansion machine and directly drives the last-stage expansion machine to rotate and accelerate; the multi-stage preheating module is used for guiding part of gas to carry out reverse-sequence preheating on the previous-stage expansion machines, reverse airflow serves as starting damping and is further used for assisting in stabilizing the rotating speed, the gas completing the preheating task is exhausted through an exhaust valve, speed increasing and reverse-sequence preheating are carried out in parallel, the starting time is greatly shortened, and the starting efficiency is improved. And the starting time of the unit from the cold state to the grid-connected condition is reduced to the minute level.

Provided is a control method with which, in a plant combining a GTCC and a CO2 recovery device, it is possible to supply sufficient steam to the CO2 recovery device even during start-up of the GTCC. Specifically provided is a steam supply system for supplying steam generated in a heat recovery steam generator to a CO2 recovery device that recovers CO2 from exhaust gas discharged by a power generation plant, which includes a gas turbine, the heat recovery steam generator, and a steam turbine, wherein medium-pressure steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator is supplied to the CO2 recovery device during start-up of the power generation plant.

The invention belongs to the field of methanol generators, and provides a methanol-powered small portable energy-saving generator set which comprises an upper bracket and a lower bracket, a plurality of rollers are mounted at the bottom of the lower bracket, a mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the upper bracket through a fixing rod, and a methanol engine and a generator are fixedly mounted on the mounting plate. The device does not need to be started by gasoline and is started by single fuel (methanol), the device is more environment-friendly, after the device is started for power generation, vibration generated during operation of the methanol engine is used as power, heat generated during operation of the methanol engine is extracted and temporarily stored in the heat storage assembly, and when the temperature is low, the heat storage assembly is started, so that the power generation efficiency is improved. The heat storage assembly can release heat to heat methanol in the methanol box, compared with electric heating in the prior art, the device is more energy-saving, the heat storage assembly can be recycled, a large amount of electric power can be saved, and the device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

The invention provides a steam turbine quick starting system and method based on low-pressure rotor impulse rotation, belongs to the technical field of steam turbine operation control, and can at least partially solve the problem that the starting time of a steam turbine is long due to the fact that impulse rotation can only be achieved after sufficient cylinder warming during cold state starting in a starting mode adopted by an existing steam turbine set. The system comprises a steam turbine unit, a conveying pipeline assembly, a reheating temperature and pressure reduction system and a main steam temperature and pressure reduction system, and has the beneficial effects that the system adopts a low-pressure cylinder impulse rotation mode, a steam passage can be rapidly established through the reheating temperature and pressure reduction system and the main steam temperature and pressure reduction system at the initial stage of boiler ignition, and early impulse rotation is achieved; the cylinder warming waiting time is shortened, and the overall starting efficiency of the unit is improved.

The invention relates to an oil pump device control method and relates to the technical field of pump structures. The containing cavity is communicated with the air inlet, so that external air can enter the containing cavity through the air inlet, the pressure in the cylinder body is increased, the containing cavity is communicated with the exhaust port, so that air in the cylinder body can be exhausted out of the containing cavity through the air outlet, the pressure in the cylinder body is reduced, and then the pressure value in the containing cavity of the cylinder body is adjusted. As the containing cavity of the cylinder body is communicated with the containing cavity of the pressure stabilizing cylinder, according to the fluid statics principle, the pressures of all points of static fluid in the communicating container are equal, that is, the pressure value in the containing cavity is equivalent to the pressure value of the containing cavity in the cylinder body, and according to the relation between the pressure value in the containing cavity and the preset pressure value, the pressure value of the pressure stabilizing cylinder is obtained. According to the oil pump device, whether the pressure in the containing cavity is large or small is judged, then air inflow or air exhaust of the cylinder body is controlled, the pressure value in the containing cavity is kept within the target pressure range, the oil pump device can stably output, and the stability of the oil pump device is improved.

The invention discloses a steam turbine operation control method, an intelligent agent and electronic equipment. The method comprises the steps that current operation parameters of high-temperature parts of a steam turbine are obtained; respectively inputting the current operation parameters into the start-stop stage stress prediction model and the load adjustment stage stress prediction model to obtain start-stop stage prediction stress parameters and load adjustment stage prediction stress parameters; calculating a low-cycle fatigue crack initiation loss prediction value and a low-cycle fatigue crack initiation accumulated loss prediction value in the start-stop stage, and calculating a low-cycle fatigue crack initiation loss prediction value and a low-cycle fatigue crack initiation accumulated loss prediction value in the load adjustment stage; determining a start-stop stage target depth peak regulation operation control parameter and a load regulation stage target depth peak regulation operation control parameter which meet stress and life constraint conditions; controlling the turbine according to the control parameters. According to the scheme, the steam turbine can meet the requirement for responding to deep peak regulation, and meanwhile loss is reduced.

The invention relates to a tail gas waste heat recovery intake heating system for cold start of a methanol engine, the engine is connected with an intake manifold and an exhaust pipe, the intake manifold is provided with a methanol nozzle, and the intake manifold is provided with an intake bypass pipeline on the intake side of the methanol nozzle; a gas inlet three-way valve is arranged at the gas inlet end of the gas inlet bypass pipeline, a gas inlet heater is arranged in the middle of the gas inlet bypass pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged at the gas outlet end; the inlet gas heater and the tail gas heat exchanger both adopt fused salt as a heat exchange medium; a first fused salt outlet and a first fused salt inlet are formed in the gas inlet heater, and a second fused salt outlet, a second fused salt inlet and a third fused salt inlet are formed in the tail gas heat exchanger; the first fused salt outlet communicates with the third fused salt inlet, and the first fused salt inlet and the second fused salt inlet are connected to the heat storage tank. The invention further comprises a control method using the system, a dual-mode energy efficient utilization system is constructed, and a dual-mode heat source framework with electric heating rapid starting and waste heat continuous energy supply is formed.

The stretching machine cooling liquid heating device suitable for the plateau environment comprises a battery bin, a power supply battery is arranged in the battery bin, an oil storage bin is arranged on one side of the battery bin, the power supply battery is electrically connected with an oil supply pump, the input end of the oil supply pump is connected to a stretching machine oil tank, and the output end of the oil supply pump is connected to the input end of the oil storage bin; the output end of the oil storage bin is connected with a fuel oil heater, the fuel oil heater comprises a combustion chamber, a heating coil is wound on the outer side of the combustion chamber, the output end of the heating coil is connected to the stretching machine water tank, the input end of the heating coil is connected with a circulating pump, a preheating bin is arranged on the outer side of the battery bin and the oil storage bin, and a self-heating bag set is arranged in the preheating bin. The fuel oil heater is arranged to heat the cooling liquid in the water tank of the stretching machine, so that when the stretching machine is in the low-temperature environment of the plateau, the engine assembly is heated through the heated cooling liquid, the starting temperature of the engine assembly is increased, and the service life of the stretching machine in the plateau environment is prolonged.

The application discloses a kind of heat management systems of parallel hybrid electric vehicle, belong to automobile heat management technical field, solve the technical problem that existing parallel hybrid electric vehicle heat management system cannot be reasonably distributed according to the demand of cylinder preheating.The system includes engine, motor, cylinder preheating module, power distribution module, waste heat recovery module, rectifier module, high-voltage battery pack, control module;When user enables heat management system, the temperature of cylinder is detected by temperature sensor;If the temperature of current cylinder is in ideal working condition range, recommend user to start engine;If the temperature of current cylinder is lower than the lower limit of ideal working condition, control the heat transfer amount of cylinder preheating module to improve, until the temperature of cylinder is in ideal working condition range, recommend user to start engine;If the temperature of current cylinder is higher than the upper limit of ideal working condition, control cylinder preheating module to stop heating;When the temperature of cylinder reduces to ideal working condition range, recommend engine to start.

The heat management system comprises an engine heat circulation loop flowing through an engine, a passenger cabin heat circulation loop flowing through a passenger cabin air outlet structure and a heat pump loop, and the heat pump loop exchanges heat with a first heat exchange flow path of the engine heat circulation loop. The temperature of engine cooling liquid is increased, the whole engine is heated, fuel oil is fully vaporized in the starting process of the engine, and lubricating oil is liquefied evenly. When a passenger cabin needs to be heated, the heat pump loop exchanges heat with the passenger cabin heat circulation loop through the inner cooler, and the engine heat circulation loop can exchange heat with the passenger cabin heat circulation loop through the second heat exchange flow path, so that waste heat generated when an engine works is reasonably utilized, and energy consumption of an automobile with the heat management system is reduced.

The invention discloses a system for preheating a cold-state cylinder body through waste gas and a preheating method. The system comprises a preheating pipeline unit, a waste gas turbocharging unit, a temperature monitoring unit, an exhaust valve assembly and a control unit. The preheating pipeline unit comprises an annular preheating main pipeline and a converging pipeline, and a plurality of preheating sub-pipelines are distributed on the periphery of an engine cylinder body; the exhaust gas turbocharging unit comprises a turbine and a gas compressor; the control unit is used for controlling opening and closing of the exhaust valve assembly according to the numerical value of the temperature monitoring unit, so that a main pipeline is preheated through waste gas when an engine is cooled and started, and three-dimensional preheating is conducted on a cylinder body after it is judged that the preheating main pipeline reaches the uniform thermal field according to a first threshold value. And starting the exhaust gas turbocharging unit according to the second threshold value, and enabling all exhaust gas to flow through the exhaust gas turbocharging unit to execute a turbocharging function until a third threshold value is reached. Firstly, a uniform thermal field is established on a preheating main pipeline to heat a cylinder cover, and then the cylinder body is preheated in the circumferential direction of the cylinder body.

The utility model relates to turbine technical field and disclose a power plant turbine vibration protection control device, the outside movable installation of turbine rotor shaft has vibration detection subassembly, the front and back both sides of ring shell all are fixedly installed with face shell, fixedly installed with the partition that arranges in ring between two face shell, the sliding installation of adjacent two partition has arc plate. Turbine rotor shaft will eccentric rotation when rotating, will vibrate at this time, turbine rotor shaft will form extrusion to arc plate simultaneously, and arc plate will contract inwards along the axis of slide rod, and the gasket on arc plate will form extrusion to the trigger end of pressure sensor, and pressure sensor will detect pressure value, and will pass pressure signal to PLC controller, if pressure value exceeds the preset value, PLC controller will control turbine body to stop running, thereby realizes the vibration detection in the operation of turbine and controls its stop running and protects.

The present application relates to a kind of fire diesel engine low temperature combustion efficiency promotion method.Fire diesel engine low temperature combustion efficiency promotion method, starting stage does not need to rely on external point heating equipment, preheating is carried out to intake and fuel respectively using exhaust waste heat and the integrated effect of repeated start, repeated heating under the control of multiple parameters, effectively guarantee the reliability of fast emergency start and emergency start under low temperature environment, through the integrated effect of ultrasonic atomization, multiple parameter collaborative control, effectively solve the problem of poor fuel atomization, mixture is not uniform, combustion is insufficient under low temperature condition, the combustion efficiency under low temperature condition is significantly improved, through the mutual coordination of residual humidity detection, ultrasonic auxiliary water removal unit in shutdown stage, the reliability of next start can be guaranteed.Therefore, the above-mentioned fire diesel engine low temperature combustion efficiency promotion method adapts to the scene demand of fire emergency without external power supply, fast response.

To provide a cylinder heater capable of easily securing an installation place of an electrode for causing an electric current to flow in a cylinder liner.SOLUTION: A cylinder heater includes: an electric power conversion device that converts a DC electric current output from a DC power source into a high-frequency AC electric current; and a transformer having a primary side coil electrically connected to the electric power conversion device and a secondary side coil electrically connected to electrodes provided to correspond to one side and the other side of a cylinder liner, respectively in an axial direction of a cylinder of a cylinder block provided in an internal combustion engine. In the cylinder heater, the electrode on one side is electrically connected to a lower part of the cylinder block and the electrode on the other side is a grounding electrode of an ignition plug.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

To provide an engine starting device that has a simple configuration and reduces fuel consumption when starting the engine. [Solution] A starting device 100 for engine E that starts with butane gas 3 and operates normally with kerosene 4, comprising a vacuum valve 8 configured to supply butane gas 3, a carburetor 5 configured to supply kerosene 4, a throttle SV provided on the carburetor 5, and a control device, wherein when starting engine E, the control device controls the opening S of the throttle SV of engine E to opening S1 so that the intake vacuum of engine E acts on the vacuum valve 8 to supply butane gas 3 to engine E, and kerosene 4 is not supplied to the carburetor 5 of engine E, and only butane gas 3 is supplied to the intake pipe 6 of engine E, thereby starting engine E.

Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine (1) for a motor vehicle (2), comprising at least the following components: - a first cylinder (3) with a first piston (4) in which a first ignition can be performed for starting; and - a second cylinder (5) with a second piston (6) in which a second ignition can be performed for starting, characterized in that the blow-by rate is greater than that of the first cylinder (3) by means of a design adaptation of the second cylinder (5).

A tie-shaft with thermal barrier coating system including a tie-shaft including an inside diameter and an outside diameter opposite the inside diameter, an exterior surface proximate the outside diameter; a piston-ring seal in operative communication with the tie-shaft proximate the outside diameter; and the thermal coating system disposed on the exterior surface of the tie-shaft proximate the piston-ring seal.

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle heating heat management system comprises a compressor, a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected with an external heat exchanger, and an outlet of the external heat exchanger is divided into two paths which are connected with a battery cooling plate heat exchanger and an HVAC respectively. The other end of the HVAC returns to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator; the battery cooling plate heat exchanger is arranged in a refrigerating and heating pipeline of a battery in series, the refrigerating and heating pipeline further comprises a battery heating plate heat exchanger connected with the battery cooling plate heat exchanger in series, and the two ends of the battery heating plate heat exchanger are connected to the water outlet end of an engine and the water return end of the engine respectively. A warm air core body in the HVAC is also connected to the water outlet end of the engine and the water return end of the engine. The system can achieve the functions of battery heating, driving heating, engine preheating and the like under the low-temperature condition, on one hand, engine waste heat can be fully utilized for heating batteries and driving, and on the other hand, the engine preheating waiting time can be shortened.

The invention provides a self-adaptive fuel heating drive control method and system based on a hybrid vehicle. The method comprises the steps that whether an engine is in a starting operation state or a shutdown state is judged; if the engine is in the starting operation state, detecting the voltage of a small battery and the temperature of fuel oil, and calculating a heating duty ratio according to the voltage of the small battery and the temperature of the fuel oil so as to carry out fuel oil heating driving control; if the engine is in the shutdown state, the current driving mode and the large battery charge capacity are obtained, the driving mode comprises the pure electricity priority mode, the forced pure electricity mode, the oil-electricity hybrid driving mode and the fuel oil priority mode, and according to the current driving mode and the large battery charge capacity, the corresponding heating duty ratio is obtained through calculation and used for fuel oil heating driving control. The optimal fuel oil heating strategy can be determined according to the engine state, the driving mode and the SOC of the hybrid electric vehicle, the fuel oil atomization performance and the fuel oil economical efficiency are improved, and the PN particulate matter emission level of engine operation is improved.

This invention relates to an intake air preheating control system for electronically controlled diesel engines used in special vehicles, comprising an engine controller (ECU), a liquid heater, a battery, a liquid heater switch, a relay, and a grille heater. The invention also relates to a control method, comprising the steps of: acquiring coolant temperature, intake air temperature, and atmospheric pressure; calculating a weighted temperature and preheating time; comparing the weighted temperature with a coolant temperature threshold at the end of boiler heating; checking the liquid heater switch closure signal; determining whether the liquid heater should exit the heating process; allowing intake air preheating; setting the preheating time; performing intake air preheating; and ending preheating. This invention effectively improves the cold-start performance of electronically controlled diesel engines in low-temperature environments below -35°C and saves battery power.