The invention relates to a nitride ceramic fiber reinforced inorganic non-metal composite material and a preparation method thereof. The nitride ceramic fiber reinforced inorganic non-metal composite material matrix is ceramic of one or more of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, boron carbide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminium phosphate and zirconium phosphate, wherein the reinforced phase is nitride ceramic fiber. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing the nitride ceramic fiber into three-dimensional braided fabric, overlapped cloth or felt; (2) pretreating the braided fabric, overlapped cloth or felt before soaking; (3) soaking a matrix material precursor polymer or sol into the pretreated braided fabric, overlapped cloth or felt of the nitride ceramic fiber, heating and curing, and cracking at a high temperature to convert into ceramic. The composite material has low dielectric constant and dielectric loss, high oxidation resistance, high strength, high temperature resistance and high toughness, serves as a material with high temperature resistance and excellent bearing capacity, wave permeability and corrosion resistance, and has wide application.