The invention relates to a synthesis gas methanation catalyst, which uses nickel oxide as active ingredients, uses cerium oxide modified medium-pore gamma-aluminum oxide as carriers and use oxide of transition metals of iridium, lanthanum, copper and ferrum or alkaline-earth metals of magnesium and calcium as auxiliary agents, wherein a preparation method of the medium-pore gamma-aluminum oxide adopts a hydrothermal synthesis method, and a nickel base catalyst is prepared by a soaking process, wherein the medium-pore gamma-aluminum oxide has the specific surface area being 200 to 400m<2>/g, the pore volume being 0.2 to 0.9cm<3>/g and the pore diameter being 2 to 15nm, the content of the active ingredients of the nickel oxide is 10 to 30 percent of the total weight of the catalyst, the content of the cerium oxide is 1 to 20 percent of the weight of the aluminum oxide, and the content of the auxiliary agents is 0.1 to 15 percent of the total weight of the catalysts. The synthesis gas methanation catalyst has the advantages that the preparation process is simple, the cerium oxide modified medium-pore gamma-aluminum oxide is used as the catalyst carriers, the obtained nickel base catalyst has good high-temperature resistance and anti-sintering resistance performance and has the advantages of high activity at low temperature, stability at high temperature and high methane selectivity, and the synthesis gas methanation catalyst has an important application value for synthesizing the substitute natural gas and solving the problem of natural gas shortage in the prior art.