928results about How to "Low oxygen" patented technology

A method and apparatus is disclosed for heating of formations using fired heaters. Each fired heater may consist of two concentric tubulars emplaced in the formation, connected via a wellhead to a burner at the surface. Combustion gases from the burner go down to the bottom of the inner tubular and return to the surface in the annular space between the two tubulars. The two tubulars may be insulated in an overburden zone where heating is not desired. A plurality of fired heaters can be connected together such that the combustion gases from a first fired heater well are piped through insulated interconnect piping to become the air inlet for a second fired heater well, which also has a burner at its wellhead. This can be repeated for other heater wells, until the oxygen content of the combustion gas is reduced near zero. The combustion gas from the last fired heater well may be routed through a heat exchanger in which the fresh inlet air for the first heater well is preheated. A substantially uniform temperature is maintained in each heater well by using a high mass flow into the heater well.

A new method, system, and apparatus are described for the adsorption and concentration of adsorbable pollutants. The invention allows for simultaneous pollutant adsorption and pollutant concentration. The invention is particularly useful in treating the exhaust of internal combustion engines containing adsorbable pollutants which can be concentrated and then treated to form harmless effluents.

A method for reducing the amount of carbon monoxide and oxygen emissions in a hydrocarbon combustor in a gas turbine engine by feeding hydrocarbon fuel and an oxidizer component into the head end of the combustor while also injecting substantially inert gas into the combustor with the fuel and oxidizer; forming a combustor exhaust stream that mixes with the recycle; cooling the combustor exhaust; detecting the amount of carbon monoxide and oxygen in the exhaust and adjusting the amount of fuel, oxidizer and inert gas feeds based on the detected amounts.

Methods and systems of maintaining, evaluating, and providing therapy to a lung ex vivo. The methods and systems involve positioning the lung in an ex vivo perfusion circuit; circulating a perfusion fluid through the lung, the fluid entering the lung through a pulmonary artery interface and leaving the lung through a left atrial interface; and ventilating the lung by flowing a ventilation gas through a tracheal interface. Maintaining the lung for extended periods involves causing the lung to rebreath a captive volume of air, and reaching an equilibrium state between the perfusion fluid and the ventilation gas. Evaluating the gas exchange capability of the lung involves deoxygenating the perfusion fluid and measuring a time taken to reoxygenate the perfusion fluid by ventilating the lung with an oxygenation gas.

The specification discloses a polymer blend especially well-suited for coating paperboard substrates used in food packaging, particularly acidic or acid-generating foods such as fruit and vegetable juices. The blend contains an acid-activatable oxygen scavenger dispersed in a film-forming synthetic polymer such as an EVOH copolymer. When placed as a film or layer on the side of the substrate inside the container in contact with the food the blend is effective to reduce the oxygen in the container over time to a very low concentration, replacing the same with carbon dioxide, for an excellent preservative effect.

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-quality graphene in large scale by intercalation stripping of graphite by chemical method. The main principle and approach are as follows: inserting some reagent into graphite intercalation by chemical method, then adding energy or some reagent to make intercalation material rapidly and violently react to release air and stripping graphite into graphene. The specific embodiment proposal comprises means of liquid phase stripping, solid phase stripping and two-step liquid phase and solid phase combined stripping. The prepared graphene has high single intercalation quality and few detects since it does not go through oxidation and reduction processes. The oxygen content is only 1.63% and is the lowest in known graphene preparation method by graphite. There is no impurity or molecule absorbed on the graphene surface. The invention has low cost, high yield, simple and feasible preparation method and low energy consumption and is suitable for large scale generation.

The invention provides an electrode for electrolysis, a preparation method of the electrode and an electrolytic bath. The electrode for electrolysis comprises a conductive base material and an active coating, wherein the conductive base material is a base material containing titanium or titanium alloy; the active coating at least comprises a bottom coating layer and a surface coating layer; the bottom coating layer is prepared from titanic oxide, iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide; the surface coating layer is prepared from iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, titanium oxide and a metal or an oxide of one of two of palladium and platinum. According to the electrode for electrolysis disclosed by the invention, the double coating layers are adopted; compared with the single coating layer only containing ruthenium, iridium and titanium, the electrode is better in activity, the chlorine evolution potential of the electrode is low, the oxygen evolution potential is high, the service life of the electrode is longer, and the electrolysis stability is better.

Methods and systems of maintaining, evaluating, and providing therapy to a lung ex vivo. The methods and systems involve positioning the lung in an ex vivo perfusion circuit; circulating a perfusion fluid through the lung, the fluid entering the lung through a pulmonary artery interface and leaving the lung through a left atrial interface; and ventilating the lung by flowing a ventilation gas through a tracheal interface. Maintaining the lung for extended periods involves causing the lung to rebreath a captive volume of air, and reaching an equilibrium state between the perfusion fluid and the ventilation gas. Evaluating the gas exchange capability of the lung involves deoxygenating the perfusion fluid and measuring a time taken to reoxygenate the perfusion fluid by ventilating the lung with an oxygenation gas.

Methods and systems of maintaining, evaluating, and providing therapy to a lung ex vivo. The methods and systems involve positioning the lung in an ex vivo perfusion circuit; circulating a perfusion fluid through the lung, the fluid entering the lung through a pulmonary artery interface and leaving the lung through a left atrial interface; and ventilating the lung by flowing a ventilation gas through a tracheal interface. Maintaining the lung for extended periods involves causing the lung to rebreath a captive volume of air, and reaching an equilibrium state between the perfusion fluid and the ventilation gas. Evaluating the gas exchange capability of the lung involves deoxygenating the perfusion fluid and measuring a time taken to reoxygenate the perfusion fluid by ventilating the lung with an oxygenation gas.

An improved system based on the Czochralski process for continuous growth of a single crystal ingot comprises a low aspect ratio, large diameter, and substantially flat crucible, including an optional weir surrounding the crystal. The low aspect ratio crucible substantially eliminates convection currents and reduces oxygen content in a finished single crystal silicon ingot. A separate level controlled silicon pre-melting chamber provides a continuous source of molten silicon to the growth crucible advantageously eliminating the need for vertical travel and a crucible raising system during the crystal pulling process. A plurality of heaters beneath the crucible establish corresponding thermal zones across the melt. Thermal output of the heaters is individually controlled for providing an optimal thermal distribution across the melt and at the crystal/melt interface for improved crystal growth. Multiple crystal pulling chambers are provided for continuous processing and high throughput.

There is disclosed a method for conversion of crude tall oil into high-quality diesel fuels comprising the steps of: (a) removal of non-oil contaminants present in the crude tall oil and recovering valuable organic compounds present in the crude tall oil, thereby forming a refined tall oil stream; (b) removal of the volatile fraction of the refined tall oil stream from step a), thereby forming a volatiles free oil stream comprising organic components with boiling points, at atmospheric pressure, of 170 degrees C. or higher; (c) separation in a vacuum distillation column of the volatiles free oil stream of step b) into two process streams or phases wherein a first process stream or phase is substantially comprising components with boiling points, at atmospheric pressure, in the range of 170-400 degrees C. and a second process stream or phase is substantially comprising components with boiling points, at atmospheric pressure, over 400 degrees C.; (d) lowering the oxygen content in the stream comprised of components with boiling points in the range 200-400 degrees C. from step c) by decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation.

This invention relates to powders of substantially spherical particles that consist essentially of at least about 10% by weight rhenium optionally alloyed with up to about 90% by weight tungsten or up to about 60% by weight molybdenum. In one embodiment, the spherical particles have an average diameter of less than about 150 microns, and more preferably, an average diameter within the range of from about 10 to about 50 microns. The powders according to the invention exhibit good flow characteristics and can be used to fabricate components having complicated shapes and configurations using conventional powder metallurgy techniques.

A method of producing a higher purity metal comprising the step of electrolyzing a coarse metal material by a primary electrolysis to obtain a primary electrodeposited metal, the step of electrolyzing the material with the primary electrodeposited metal obtained in the primary electrolysis step used as an anode to obtain a higher purity electrolyte for secondary electrolysis, and the step of further performing secondary electrolysis by employing higher purity electrolytic solution than said electrolytic solution with said primary electrodeposited metal as an anode, whereby providing an electro-refining method that effectively uses electrodes and an electrolyte produced in a plurality of electro-refining steps, reuses the flow of an electrolyte in the system, reduces organic matter-caused oxygen content, and can effectively produce a high purity metal.

PCT No. PCT/JP97/04232 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 17, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 17, 1998 PCT Filed Nov. 20, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/22636 PCT Pub. Date May 28, 1998A sputtering target consisting essentially of Mn and at least one kind of R element selected from a group of Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Rh, Ir, V, Nb, Ta, Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, Os, Cr, Mo, W, and Re. The sputtering target, at least as a part of target texture, comprises one member selected from a group of an alloy phase and a compound phase formed between the R element and Mn. In addition, oxygen content in the target is 1 weight % or less (including 0). With such a sputtering target, an anti-ferromagnetic material film consisting of RMn alloy excellent in corrosion resistivity and thermal performance can be stabilized in its film composition and film quality. By employing the anti-ferromagnetic material film, when an exchange coupling film is formed by stacking the anti-ferromagnetic material film and the ferromagnetic material film, sufficient exchange coupling force is obtained stably. Such an exchange coupling film can be used in a magneto-resistance effect element and the like.

The invention relates to a silver alloy wire and a preparation method thereof. The silver alloy wire is prepared from the following components of 0.5-10 percent of Au, 0-1 percent of Pt, 1-6 percent of Pd, 0-1 percent of Rh, 0-1 percent of Cu, 0-500ppm of Ln, 0-200ppm of Ce, 0-0.5 percent of Al, 0.7-3 percent of Ti, 0-0.2 percent of Si, 0-0.3 percent of Zn, 0-1 percent of Sn, 0-10 percent of Be and the balance of Ag. A directional continuous casting process is adopted. The prepared silver alloy wire overcomes the problem that the bonded silver wire is easily subjected to sulfur corrosion in the prior art, and has a series of other excellent characteristics.

The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing emission limits of nitrogen oxides in waste incineration flue gas. In the method, processes of a waste incineration processing device, an optimizing air supply device, an exhaust-heat boiler device, a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) device, a tail gas processing device and the like are integrated into a whole; by combining clean flue gas serving as secondary air supply and the SNCR device, the situation that the nitrogen oxides in the discharge of tail gas generated after wastes are processed by national waste incineration equipment is not removed effectively in low cost can be changed, and the removal ratio of the nitrogen oxides can be improved; and the removal rate of the nitrogen oxides after the device is optimized is more than 70 percent, so that the concentration of the tail gas discharged finally is lower than 150 mg/Nm<3> specified in the European Union standard 2000. Simultaneously, the optimizing device requires less increment investment and low running cost and is suitable to be applied and popularized in waste incineration equipment at home and abroad, and a denitration device is small in newly increased floor space.

The present invention relates to a device for reducing the oxygen content of the air surrounding pharmaceutical dosage forms contained within an oxygen-permeable bottle, while also maintaining a relatively low moisture level in said air during the shelf-life of the product. Accordingly, a pharmaceutical package contains a dessicant in a first sub-container and a self-activated oxygen-absorber in a second sub-container.

The invention discloses a preparation method of copper-coated tungsten composite powder, belonging to the technical field of powder metallurgy. Corresponding tungsten powder and blue vitriod are employed according to the weight ratio of composite powder to be prepared and the tungsten powder is pre-treated; copper sulphate and seignette sol are dissolved into solution; bipyridine is added and NaOH is used to adjust pH value to 12-14; an appropriate amount of formaldehyde solution and the tungsten powder are added; the mixture is heated and then stirred continuously in constant-temperature bathing at 30-60 DEG C until the tungsten powder is red; the tungsten powder is washed, dried, reduced and annealed, thereby obtaining copper-coated tungsten composite powder. The preparation method of copper-coated tungsten composite powder has wide application range and is applicable to tungsten-powder coating coppers with different finenesses and shapes. The preparation method of copper-coated tungsten composite powder prepares copper-coated tungsten composite powder in different content ratios according to different requirements. The copper-coated tungsten composite powder obtained by the method of the invention has excellent sintering activity, thereby improving the combination property of tungsten copper alloy.

A process for the conversion of lignin to chemical precursors is presented. The process comprises treating the lignin to form less acidic compounds. The process includes reacting lignin with a hydrogenation catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere to convert acidic oxygenate compounds to less acidic oxygenates or hydrocarbons. The oxygenate compounds are reacted in a dehydrogenation and deoxygenation process to remove the oxygen and to convert the cyclic hydrocarbons back to aromatic compounds.

The invention provides TC21 titanium alloy powder for laser 3D printing and preparation and using methods. The powder is prepared from, by mass, 5.5%-6.7% of Al, 1.7%-2.4% of Sn, 1.7%-2.4% of Zr, 2.4%-3.1% of Mo, 1.0%-1.8% of Cr, 1.8%-2.2% of Nb, 0.004%-0.18% of Fe, 0.004%-0.01% of C, 0.002%-0.009% of N, 0.003%-0.01% of H, 0.08%-0.1% of O and the balance Ti. The preparation method comprises the steps that TC21 titanium alloy is machined into an electrode and then rotates and goes down in a smelting chamber, gas acts on the conical tip of a titanium bar when the tip of the titanium bar is bright white, titanium alloy liquid drops are brought into an atomizing chamber through nozzles to be cooled into alloy powder, and the alloy powder is collected. The using method comprises the steps that after the alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 54 micrometers to 180 micrometers and a substrate are pretreated, the as-deposited TC21 titanium alloy with the good strength and toughness is printed by adopting a laser 3D printer, wherein the tensile strength is 1,100-1,150 Mpa, the yield strength is 1,010-1,030 Mpa, and the elongation rate is 7%-8%.

Biofuel compositions obtained by the simultaneous hydroprocessing of at least two distinct hydroprocessing feedstocks, either or both of which are derived from biomass, are disclosed. The co-processing of these feedstocks can result in an upgraded product having suitable characteristics, in terms of composition (e.g., quantities of compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons, present in relatively large amounts) and in terms of quality (e.g., quantities of compounds such as oxygenates, present in relatively small amounts) for use as a hydroprocessed biofuel such as hydroprocessed aviation biofuel.

A pre-processing assembly and method for processing fuel feedstock containing oxygen and hydrocarbons having higher and lower hydrocarbon content for a fuel cell, wherein the pre-processing assembly has a deoxidizing bed for reducing oxygen in the fuel feedstock and a pre-reforming bed for reducing higher hydrocarbon content in the fuel feedstock and wherein the deoxidizing bed and the pre-reforming bed are disposed within a common reaction vessel such that the fuel feedstock first passes through the deoxidizing bed and thereafter through the pre-reforming bed. The pre-reforming assembly may further include a propane processor bed for processing propane and propylene in the fuel feedstock, where the propane processor bed is disposed within the common reaction vessel with the deoxidizing bed and the pre-reforming bed.