The invention relates to an optimization control method of blast furnace temperature. The temperature control of the existing blast furnace ironmaking enterprises is determined by experience, thus the temperature control is inaccurate. In the optimization control method, time lag and uncertainty of actual parameters are considered; the blast furnace temperature is predicted by establishing a predication model of a steplike dynamic matrix predictive control algorithm, and then links such as rolling optimization, feedback compensation and the like are performed, thus ensuring to obtain an optimum and stable use amount of the three factors, that is, coal injection amount, blast volume and cooling water flow rate. The method comprises the specific steps as follows: establishing an admissible control set and the predication model, and performing model conversion, the feedback compensation and the rolling optimization to obtain an optimum control rate. The time lag and the uncertainty of the actual parameters as well as correction model error are considered in the method, thus ensuring to generate the optimum coal injection amount, the blast volume and the cooling water flow rate.