The invention provides a method for analyzing large break accident of a nuclear power plant. The method comprises the following steps: S1, building a power plant model for catching major physical phenomenon and transient state of real large break loss of coolant accident; S2, analyzing and determining key parameters of the major physical phenomenon and the transient state; S3, classifying the keyparameters, wherein the key parameters are classified into at least conservative assumption parameters, sampling parameters and penalty parameters; S4, setting the most severe condition assumption forthe conservative assumption parameters, and quantitatively analyzing uncertainty of the sampling parameters and the penalty parameters so as to obtain the target parameter value at the set level; S5,selecting a penalty model from the penalty parameters, and performing penalty, so as to realize that the target parameter value obtained through the penalty parameters obtained by penalty treatment includes the target parameter value at the set level. With the adoption of the method in the embodiment, the sampling calculation of a method combining the best estimation and the uncertainty analyzingis reduced, and the conservation margin of deterministic realistic method is decreased.