The invention discloses a close combination navigation method of a multi-satellite system and a strapdown inertial navigation system. The method comprises the steps that first, strapdown calculating is conducted on IMU output data to acquire the current gesture, speed and position information of an SINS, ephemeris calculating is conducted on a satellite ephemeris message to obtain the positions and the speeds of all satellites, all satellite systems achieve time-space uniformity, and satellite selecting is conducted; secondary, the selected satellite positions and the speed information are used for being calculated with the SINS position and the speed information which are obtained through strapdown calculating to obtain an SINS pseudorange and pseudo-range rate; then, the original measuring data output by a GNSS, namely a code measuring pseudorange and doppler frequency shift, are used for being compared with the SINS pseudorange and the pseudo-range rate, a difference value is used as the observed quantity of a filter, through optimal estimation of the filter, the compensation dosage for correcting the SINS is given, and closed loop correction is conducted to obtain the optimal solution of the SINS gesture, speed and position. The close combination navigation method of the multi-satellite system and the strapdown inertial navigation system solves the problems that the number of satellites is too small in the complex environment with high building blocking and trees covering of combination navigation of inertial navigation and one single satellite, so that the combination navigation precision is influenced.