The invention discloses a continuous monitoring system of overburden rock displacement in an ore bed mining process, which comprises an inclination measuring drilling hole, an inclination measuring pipe assembly, a monitoring device and a monitoring station. When in use, a plurality of fixed inclinometers are arranged at different positions as required so as to realize the continuous whole-coursemonitoring on mined overburden rock displacement; meanwhile, the monitoring device for a flexible chain structure can be used for preventing the damage of overburden rock movement on instruments so as to ensure monitoring is carried out smoothly; and the monitoring system is used for evaluating the space-time influence degree of the mining to overburden rock so as to provide a basis for the judgment of the influenced degree and the safety of deep mining operation execution, facilities in an overburden rock stratum, ground facilities, and the like. In addition, the invention also discloses a method for structuring the monitoring system, wherein methods for embedding an inclination measurement pipe, carrying out anti-sliding safety protection during lowering the inclination measurement pipe, lowering the inclination measurement pipe when water or no water exists in the drilling hole, fixing the inclination measurement pipe by deep hole grouting, and the like not only effectively solve the problem of huge difficulty on installing deep-hole inclination measurement pipes, but also effectively improve the construction efficiency and the safety.