The invention discloses an endoscopic OCT imaging system adopting an optical path difference external compensation common-path interference probe. The system comprises a light source, an optical path difference external compensation interferometer, a first acousto-optic frequency shifter, a second acousto-optic frequency shifter, an optical circulator, a fiber optic rotary joint, a spiral scanning mechanism, an endoscopic probe, a glass spacer, a Grin lens, a 45-degree cylinder mirror, a transparent sealing sleeve, an outer metal sheath, a diaphragm, a detector, a data acquisition card and a computer. According to the system, the front end face of the Grin lens in the endoscopic lens serves as the reference surface, and compensation of the optical path difference between the front end face of the Grin lens and a sample is achieved through the optical path difference external compensation interferometer; lesion inspection missing is reduced through spiral traversal scanning, light dispersion usually caused by the cylindrical transparent sealing sleeve is eliminated through the planar diaphragm, and false images existing in an imaging result are eliminated through combination of the acousto-optic frequency shifters and the signal filtering and demodulation technology. The system has the advantages that antijamming capability is high, the probe can be used as soon as being plugged, lesion inspection missing is reduced, interference of false images is avoided, and inlet sample light beams are not dispersed.