The invention relates to a device for realizing superposition and modulation of orbital angular momentum states of light beams, belonging to the laser application technical field. The invention consists of a laser, a polarizer, a one-fourth wave plate, a diffraction grating, a Fourier lens, a polarized beam-splitting prism, two Dove prisms, three holophotes and a pinhole diaphragm, wherein, firstly, an optical system which takes the diffraction grating and the Fourier lens as core elements is adopted to generate a plurality of bundles of light beams which are equidistantly distributed on the circumference which takes an optical axis of incident light as the center and are positioned in different orbital angular momentum states; secondly, an optical system which consists of the polarized beam-splitting prism, the holophotes and the rotatable Dove prisms is adopted to decompose an optical field into field components which rotate towards the opposite direction; thirdly, the field components are superposed, and superposition of required orbital angular momentum states is realized and then superposition and modulation of the orbital angular momentum states are realized. The device for realizing superposition and modulation of the orbital angular momentum states of the light beams has application value in the free space optical communication field.