990 results about "Angular momentum" patented technology

The present invention describes a system and method of OAM diverse signal processing using classical beams for applications in which OAM signal character is controlled such as optical tagging and applications in which OAM signal character is not controlled such as clutter mitigation and interference cancellation for target detection, identification etc. This is accomplished by transmitting a source beam having a prescribed state with one or more non-zero OAM components, reflecting the beam off a ‘tagged’ or ‘untagged’ target and receiving the return beam in the direct return path to measure the one or more OAM components to identify the target. OAM processing provides additional degrees of processing freedom to greatly enhance the processing capabilities to detect and identify both ‘tagged’ and ‘untagged’ targets.

We describe the structure and method of forming a STT-MTJ MRAM cell that utilizes transfer of spin angular momentum as a mechanism for changing the magnetic moment direction of a free layer. The device includes an IrMn pinning layer, a SyAP pinned layer, a naturally oxidized, crystalline MgO tunneling barrier layer that is formed on an Ar-ion plasma smoothed surface of the pinned layer and, in one embodiment, a free layer that comprises an amorphous layer of Co60Fe20B20. of approximately 20 angstroms thickness formed between two crystalline layers of Fe of 3 and 6 angstroms thickness respectively. The free layer is characterized by a low Gilbert damping factor and by very strong polarizing action on conduction electrons. The resulting cell has a low critical current, a high dR / R and a plurality of such cells will exhibit a low variation of both resistance and pinned layer magnetization angular dispersion.

A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) air vehicle disclosed. The air vehicle can be manned or unmanned. In one embodiment, the air vehicle includes two shrouded propellers, a fuselage and a gyroscopic stabilization disk installed in the fuselage. The gyroscopic stabilization disk can be configured to provide sufficient angular momentum, by sufficient mass and / or sufficient angular velocity, such that the air vehicle is gyroscopically stabilized during various phases of flight. In one embodiment the fuselage is fixedly attached to the shrouded propellers. In another embodiment, the shrouded propellers are pivotably mounted to the fuselage.

A phase plate including a plurality of surfaces arranged around a symmetry axis to reflect an incident electromagnetic field having a null orbital angular momentum, thereby generating a reflected electromagnetic field having an orbital angular momentum. The surfaces are arranged such that, with respect to a cylindrical reference system in which the azimuthal coordinate is measured in a plane perpendicular to the symmetry axis, the respective heights define a non-monotonic azimuthal profile, so that the reflected electromagnetic field forms an optical vortex whose topological charge is not associated one-to-one to the orbital angular momentum.

A STT-MTJ MRAM cell that utilizes transfer of spin angular momentum as a mechanism for changing the magnetic moment direction of a free layer includes an IrMn pinning layer, a SyAP pinned layer, a naturally oxidized, crystalline MgO tunneling barrier layer that is formed on an Ar-ion plasma smoothed surface of the pinned layer and, in one embodiment, a free layer that comprises an amorphous layer of Co60Fe20B20 of approximately 20 angstroms thickness formed between two crystalline layers of Fe of 3 and 6 angstroms thickness respectively or on a single such layer. The free layer is characterized by a low Gilbert damping factor and by very strong polarizing action on conduction electrons. The resulting cell has a low critical current, a high dR / R and a plurality of such cells will exhibit a low variation of both resistance and pinned layer magnetization angular dispersion.

The occurrence of a slippage of a robot in operation, following a desired gait, is determined, and the permissible range of a restriction object amount, such as a floor reaction force horizontal component or a floor reaction force moment vertical component to be applied to the robot, is variably set according to a slippage determination result. A provisional motion of a desired gait is determined using a dynamic model, and if the restriction object amount defined by the provisional motion deviates from the permissible range, then the motion of a desired gait is determined by correcting the provisional motion by changing the changing rate of the angular momentum of the robot from the provisional motion so as to limit the restriction object amount to the permissible range, while satisfying a dynamic balance condition.

A CPP MTJ MRAM element utilizes transfer of spin angular momentum as a mechanism for changing the magnetic moment direction of a free layer. The device includes a tunneling barrier layer of MgO and a non-magnetic CPP layer of Cu or Cr and utilizes a novel free layer comprising a thin layer of Ta or Hf sandwiched by layers of CoFeB. The device is characterized by values of DR / R between approximately 95% and 105%.

An atherectomy device is disclosed, which is rotationally driven by an electric motor. In some designs, the device includes features unavailable on gas turbine-driven systems, such as the storing in memory of low / medium / high preset rotation speeds for particular models of handle, calculations of the amount of saline left in the IV and associated warnings when it gets sufficiently low, and automatic adjustment of the IV pump rate to a predetermined or calculated level when the rotational speed of the motor is changed. The electric motor has far more rotational inertia than a comparable gas turbine, so the system includes a control mechanism that helps prevent damage from excessive torque being applied to the distal end of the drive shaft. When an obstruction at the distal end is detected, by a drop in the motor rotational speed, the motor is released and is allowed to spin freely as a flywheel. The freely-spinning motor allows the large angular momentum of the system to dissipate rapidly and safely, without excessive torque to the drive shaft.

A quantum memory includes memory cells each comprising a physical system ensemble, quantum information of the physical system ensemble being expressed by a quantum state of whole amount of the total angular momentum of the physical systems, and the memory cells including two storage memory cells storing the quantum state and a transfer memory cell transferring the quantum state, only two of the memory cells being present on a straight line. The quantum memory also includes a magnet applying a magnetic field to the two storage memory cells and the transfer memory cell, a first light source irradiating the two storage memory cells and the transfer memory cell with right-handed or left-handed polarized light, a second light source simultaneously irradiating one of the two storage memory cells and the transfer memory cell with a laser beam, and a detector detecting a polarization state of the laser beam.

A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) air vehicle disclosed. The air vehicle can be manned or unmanned. In one embodiment, the air vehicle includes two shrouded propellers, a fuselage and a gyroscopic stabilization disk installed in the fuselage. The gyroscopic stabilization disk can be configured to provide sufficient angular momentum, by sufficient mass and / or sufficient angular velocity, such that the air vehicle is gyroscopically stabilized during various phases of flight. In one embodiment the fuselage is fixedly attached to the shrouded propellers. In another embodiment, the shrouded propellers are pivotably mounted to the fuselage.

We describe a CPP MTJ MRAM element that utilizes transfer of spin angular momentum as a mechanism for changing the magnetic moment direction of a free layer. The device includes a tunneling barrier layer of MgO and a non-magnetic CPP layer of Cu or Cr and utilizes a novel free layer comprising a thin layer of Ta or Hf sandwiched by layers of CoFeB. The device is characterized by values of DR / R between approximately 95% and 105%.

Systems and methods for orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based multidimensional wireless communication. The OAM-based multidimensional wireless communication is preformed with a transmitter for generating an RF modulated signal carrying a data sequence. Further included is an OAM antenna array including OAM antenna elements, each of which includes an azimuthal phase shifter and an antenna element. The azimuthal phase shifter shifts an azimuthal phase term of a wavefront generated by the antenna element such that the OAM antenna element imposes the multidimensional modulated signal on a pre-determined OAM mode of a carrier signal corresponding to the azimuthal phase term.

The invention discloses an orbital angular momentum vortex wave beam generation apparatus and method. According to the technical scheme, an electromagnetic super-surface structure (3) is formed by M lines and N columns of electromagnetic super-surface reflection units (31) and dielectric substrates (32); a phase-shifting network (4) is formed by the electromagnetic super-surface structure (3) and a metal back plate (2); the metal back plate (2) is positioned on the back surface of the electromagnetic super-surface structure (3), and the metal back plate is also used as an earth plate; a feed source (1) is put in the central axial position of the electromagnetic super-surface structure (3); incident wave from the feed source (1) irradiates on the electromagnetic super-surface structure; and after the incident wave obtains compensated phase position from the electromagnetic super-surface structure, the incident wave is reflected by the phase-shifting network (4) to generate the orbital angular momentum vortex wave beam(5) with an intrinsic mode 1. According to the orbital angular momentum vortex wave beam generation apparatus and method, the problems of complex technical structure, high cost, beam divergence and low efficiency in the prior art are solved; and the apparatus and method can be used for information transmitting and receiving in the communication technology, and the communication capacity can be increased.

An optical device, optical system, and method of generating optical beams having high angular momenta are provided. The optical device includes a whispering gallery mode resonator defining a resonator radius and an elongated waveguide having a length defined between a first end and a second end of the waveguide. The waveguide defines a waveguide radius which increases at least along a portion of the length of the waveguide in a direction from the first end to the second end. The waveguide radius at the first end of the waveguide is smaller than the resonator radius and the resonator is integrally formed with the first end of the waveguide.

An atherectomy device is disclosed, which is rotationally driven by an electric motor. In some designs, the device includes features unavailable on gas turbine-driven systems, such as the storing in memory of low / medium / high preset rotation speeds for particular models of handle, calculations of the amount of saline left in the IV and associated warnings when it gets sufficiently low, and automatic adjustment of the IV pump rate to a predetermined or calculated level when the rotational speed of the motor is changed. The electric motor has far more rotational inertia than a comparable gas turbine, so the system includes a control mechanism that helps prevent damage from excessive torque being applied to the distal end of the drive shaft. When an obstruction at the distal end is detected, by a drop in the motor rotational speed, the motor is released and is allowed to spin freely as a flywheel. The freely-spinning motor allows the large angular momentum of the system to dissipate rapidly and safely, without excessive torque to the drive shaft.

The invention relates to a device for realizing superposition and modulation of orbital angular momentum states of light beams, belonging to the laser application technical field. The invention consists of a laser, a polarizer, a one-fourth wave plate, a diffraction grating, a Fourier lens, a polarized beam-splitting prism, two Dove prisms, three holophotes and a pinhole diaphragm, wherein, firstly, an optical system which takes the diffraction grating and the Fourier lens as core elements is adopted to generate a plurality of bundles of light beams which are equidistantly distributed on the circumference which takes an optical axis of incident light as the center and are positioned in different orbital angular momentum states; secondly, an optical system which consists of the polarized beam-splitting prism, the holophotes and the rotatable Dove prisms is adopted to decompose an optical field into field components which rotate towards the opposite direction; thirdly, the field components are superposed, and superposition of required orbital angular momentum states is realized and then superposition and modulation of the orbital angular momentum states are realized. The device for realizing superposition and modulation of the orbital angular momentum states of the light beams has application value in the free space optical communication field.

A vertical component or the like of a floor reaction force moment to be applied to a robot 1 is defined as a restriction object amount, and the permissible range of the restriction object amount is set. A provisional motion of the robot that satisfies a predetermined dynamic balance condition is determined on a predetermined dynamic model, and if a restriction object amount determined by the provisional motion deviates from the permissible range, then the motion of a desired gait is determined by correcting the provisional motion by changing the angular momentum changing rate of the robot from the provisional motion while limiting the restriction object amount to the permissible range on the dynamic model.

The invention relates to a multimodal orbital angular momentum multiplexing system and method. The system comprises a transmitting device and a receiving device which are in mutual communication connection. The transmitting device comprises a bit level processing module, a constellation mapping module, an orbital angular momentum modulation module, a digital domain orbital angular momentum multimodal multiplexing module, a DAC module, an upper conversion module and a ring array transmitting antenna. The receiving device comprises a ring array receiving antenna, a down conversion module, an ADC module, a digital domain orbital angular momentum demodulation and demultiplexing module and a detection decoding module. According to the system and the method, a vortex electromagnetic wave multimodal OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) multiplexing communication technology of which physical feature is clearly different from that of a traditional plane wave is realized; the spectral efficiency and the transmission rate are multiplied; and the improvement space and potential of the modal multiplexing quantity is further expanded. The system and the method can be applied to the multimodal OAM multiplexing communication system in a microwave or millimeter wave band.

In one example, a radiation scanning system and method rotates a cargo conveyance after removal from a ship for proper orientation with respect to a scanning source and detector, for scanning. A movable carriage may be provided on a crane system, to rotate the cargo conveyance. A rotating flywheel on the carriage rotates in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the cargo conveyance, to counterbalance angular momentum generated by the rotating conveyance, to avoid or minimize twisting of the carriage. Feedback is provided to control the rotation of the flywheel. Once the cargo conveyance is in the predetermined position, the conveyance is moved between the radiation source and detector for scanning by a vertically extending radiation beam.

An unmanned air vehicle comprises a fuselage that defines aerodynamic flight surfaces, an engine mounted to the fuselage having an engine shaft arranged to rotate about a longitudinal axis with respect to the fuselage, and a propeller mounted to the engine shaft so as to rotate to thereby provide thrust. The aircraft also comprises a gyroscopic stabilization member coupled to the shaft such that rotation of the engine shaft results in rotation of the gyroscopic member. Thus, there is more stability during the entire flight envelope. In one embodiment, the gyroscopic stabilization member is comprised of a ring that is attached to the outer ends of the blades of the propeller and the ring is also selected so as to have a mass that will result in the gyroscopic stabilization member having a sufficient angular momentum so as to gyroscopically stabilize the aircraft.

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and / or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) communications systems provide an additional degree of freedom to the electromagnetic waves that travel between the transmission and receiving stations, thereby enabling a dramatic increase in data transmission rates. The present invention provides a design for a very low reflectivity flat spiral phase plate that generates OAM modes and a method of making the same. The design incorporates variable sizes of perforated unit cells and may include matched layers to provide improved impedance matching, and the flat disc shape makes the phase plate compact and easy to install. The OAM phase plate can be designed to operate at frequencies from a few 100s KHz to ultraviolet frequencies and is capable of providing one or more OAM modes at the operational frequencies, irrespective of polarization. In a preferred embodiment, the OAM phase plate is designed for operation at about 30 GHz frequency, with 20 GHz bandwidth.

A disk drive system, includes an arm for mounting a head, and at least one component, coupled to the arm, for being synchronized to maintain a zero net angular momentum of the arm and the at least one component. Another disk drive system including a read / write head, includes a torque counter-generating member for being synchronized to maintain a zero net angular momentum of the head.

A momentum-based balance controller controls a humanoid robot to maintain balance. The balance controller derives desired rates of change of linear and angular momentum from desired motion of the robot. The balance controller then determines desired center of pressure (CoP) and desired ground reaction force (GRF) to achieve the desired rates of change of linear and angular momentum. The balance controller determines admissible CoP, GRF, and rates of change of linear and angular momentum that are optimally close to the desired value while still allowing the robot to maintain balance. The balance controller controls the robot to maintain balance based on a human motion model such that the robot's motions are human-like. Beneficially, the robot can maintain balance even when subjected to external perturbations, or when it encounters non-level and / or non-stationary ground.

A propulsion system for the orbit control of a satellite with terrestrial orbit having an angular momentum accumulation capacity comprises a propulsion unit able to deliver a force along an axis F having a component perpendicular to the orbit, and a motorized mechanism connected on the one hand to the propulsion unit and on the other hand to a structure of the satellite, the motorized mechanism being able to displace the propulsion unit along an axis V parallel to the velocity of the satellite, and able to orient the propulsion unit so as to make it possible to control: a component of the force along the axis V, for orbit control, an amplitude and a direction of couple in a plane perpendicular to the axis F, for control of the angular momentum.

Systems and methods are presented that use the rate of change of a legged robot's centroidal angular momentum ({dot over (H)}G) in order to maintain or improve the robot's balance. In one embodiment, a control system determines the current value of {dot over (H)}G, compares this value to a threshold value, and determines an instruction to send to the robot. Executing the instruction causes the robot to remain stable or become more stable. Systems and methods are also presented that use a value derived from {dot over (H)}G in order to maintain or improve the robot's balance. In one embodiment, a control system determines the location of the Zero Rate of change of Angular Momentum (ZRAM) point (A), determines the distance between A and the location of the center of pressure of the resultant ground force, compares this value to a threshold value, and determines an instruction to send to the robot.

A device for generating Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes for radio communications. The device is designed to receive one or more input digital signals, each of which has a respective sampling period which is a respective multiple of a given sampling period, and occupies a frequency bandwidth which is a respective fraction of a given available frequency bandwidth. The device is operable to apply, to each input digital signal, a respective space modulation associated with a respective OAM mode having a respective topological charge to generate a corresponding digital signal carrying the respective OAM mode. The device is configured to apply, to each input digital signal, the respective space modulation by interpolating said input digital signal and phase-modulating the interpolated input digital signal so as to generate a corresponding phase-modulated digital signal carrying the respective OAM mode, having the given sampling period, and occupying the given available frequency bandwidth.

We describe a CPP MTJ MRAM element that utilizes transfer of spin angular momentum as a mechanism for changing the magnetic moment direction of a free layer. The device includes a tunneling barrier layer of MgO and a non-magnetic CPP layer of Cu or Cr and utilizes a novel synthetic free layer having three ferromagnetic layers mutually exchange coupled in pairwise configurations. The free layer comprises an inner ferromagnetic and two outer ferromagnetic layers, with the inner layer being ferromagnetically exchange coupled to one outer layer and anti-ferromagnetically exchange coupled to the other outer layer. The ferromagnetic coupling is very strong across an ultra-thin layer of Ta, Hf or Zr of thickness preferably less than 0.4 nm.

Disclosed herein are two separate processes that do not require a propellant and do not produce an equal and opposite reaction against any external form of matter in the Local Inertial Reference Frame and do not violate Newton's Laws in the Universal Reference Frame. The first process produces horizontal motion, relies on the earth's gravitational field as an external force, and has been successfully tested. The second process produces vertical motion and relies only on the aether. It has been successfully tested considering the effect of the earth's gravity. Due to the law of conservation of angular momentum, the first process is considered by some to not be possible, but with the proper use of an external field (for example, gravity) and the phenomenon of precession, it is clearly possible. A clear distinction is made between a simple rotor and a gyroscope which is a far more complex device.