The invention discloses a bidirectional user authentication and secret information quantum communication transmission method, and relates to the technical field of quantum communication. By adopting the method, during the secret information transmission process, the assistance of a third party is not needed, and the secret information can transmitted safely from a sending end to a receiving end through just one transmission step, thereby simplifying the information transmission process. During an eavesdropping detection process, if an information sender does not know an identity identifier IDBof an information receiver, the eavesdropping detection cannot be passed; if the information receiver does not know the identity identifier IDA of the information sender, the information receiver cannot restore the secret information, namely, the identities of the information receiver and the information sender can be authenticated in the communication process, and the secret information is transmitted more safely. According to the method, a quantum memory and a unitary operator do not need to be configured, the sending end only needs to prepare the single photon and the Bell state particles,and the receiving end only needs to measure the single photon and the Bell state particles, so that the deployment cost is reduced, and the application of a quantum communication network is promoted.