The invention discloses a transfer learning-based multi-view commodity image retrieval and identification method. The method comprises the steps of 1, establishing a multi-view image basic library according to a commodity list, performing fine adjustment on a pre-trained deep residual error network by using a small amount of commodity images through a transfer learning technology, extracting features of the image basic library by using the network, performing dimension reduction on the features, constructing a feature library, and finally according to corresponding relationships among the feature library, the image basic library and commodity types, establishing a mapping table; 2, after to-be-identified commodity images are obtained, extracting features of the images by using the networkand performing dimension reduction; and 3, performing distance measurement on the features of the to-be-identified commodity images and the features of the images in the basic library, taking the mostsimilar image with the shortest distance as a matching result, and through the mapping table, obtaining commodity type names of the to-be-identified commodity images. The features with strong representation capabilities can be automatically extracted; a semantic gap is further broken through; and the retrieval efficiency and the identification precision are improved by only utilizing a small amount of image basic libraries and low-dimensional features.