The present invention relates to a method using adapter type reagent to detect, identify, and/or ration the compound. The present invention adopts the SELEX technology, uses various biologic molecules possessing the diagnosing value including the nucleotide sequence, the protein, the aminophenol, the polypeptide chain, the glucide, or the complete thalli as the target matters, and filters the corresponding high specificity adapter from which to obtain the target matters. The present invention has the advantages that the repeatability and the stability of the test result can be improved greatly, lots difference of the test can be reduced, and the reliability of the test result can be fully ensured. The present invention can be used to diagnose the clinic target molecular quickly and simply, and can provide favorable basis for the lab diagnosis. The present invention has short test time, low reagent cost, short research and development period, stable quality, etc.